Annotation of doc/build/RHEL7_install.frag, revision 1.5
1.1 raeburn 1: <h1>Installing LON-CAPA on a minimal Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System</h1>
2: <p>
3: This document guides you through the process of setting up a new LON-CAPA
4: server running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 with a minimum of packages installed.
5: The computer will be configured solely as a LON-CAPA server and will be
6: expected to have no other services running. Your server is expected to have
7: a reasonably fast connection to the internet.
8: </p><p>
9: More information is available at
10: <a href="http://install.lon-capa.org/">http://install.lon-capa.org/</a>.
11: </p>
12:
13: <h2>Before you begin</h2>
14: <p>
15: Installing Linux is getting easier and easier.
16: You will be required to log in to the machine and execute
17: some routine Unix commands. Familiarity with the Apache web server, mod_perl,
18: perl, and MySQL are not required to install and run LON-CAPA.
19: </p>
20:
21: <h2>Installation Overview</h2>
22: <p>
23: The installation process takes the following steps:
24: </p>
25: <ol>
26: <li><a href="#obt">Obtain Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 installation iso file or media</a></li>
27: <li><a href="#net">Determine Network Settings</a></li>
28: <li><a href="#lin">Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7</a></li>
29: <li><a href="#upd">Update your system</a></li>
30: <li><a href="#ilc">Install LON-CAPA</a></li>
31: <li><a href="#cdc">Create a Domain Coordinator</a></li>
32: <li><a href="#sts">Start/Restart services</a></li>
33: <li><a href="#log">Log in to LON-CAPA</a></li>
34: </ol>
35:
36: <hr>
37: <h2>1. <a name="obt">Obtain Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7</a></h2>
38: <p>
39: RHEL7 downloads are available from Red Hat:
40: <a href="http://redhat.com/">http://redhat.com/</a>.
41: Either download the Boot ISO or the RHEL 7 binary
42: </p>
43:
44: <h2>2. <a name="net">Determine Network Settings</a></h2>
45: <p>
46: You will need to know the following network settings for your installation.
47: <b>Note:</b>You must have a static IP address to use LON-CAPA.
48: DHCP is <em>not</em> supported.
49:
50: <ul>
51: <li>ip address </li>
52: <li>netmask </li>
53: <li>hostname </li>
54: <li>gateway </li>
55: <li>domain name server(s) </li>
56: </ul>
57:
1.2 raeburn 58: <h2>3. <a name="lin">Minimal Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Install</a></h2>
1.1 raeburn 59: <p>
60: Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux is straightforward.
61: Documentation is available from
1.2 raeburn 62: <a href="https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/">
1.1 raeburn 63: https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/</a>
64: Most of the installation screens are self explanatory.
65: There are a few steps that require comment and are dealt with below.
66: </p>
67: <dl style="list-style:square outside none">
68: <dt>Installation Language</dt>
69: <dd>Use English as your installation language.</dd>
70: <dt>Installation Destination</dt>
71: <dd>For a fresh install may want to use the automatic partitioning feature of the installer.
72: If you want to customize partitioning check the "I will configure partitioning" radio button.
73: LON-CAPA resource files are stored in the /home directory, so the
74: majority of the disk space should be allocated here. If you have 20 GB
75: of space for RHEL, /home should receive at least 10 to 12 GB.
76: Since Mariadb uses the /var filesystem to store its databases you should
77: have at least 4 GB of space available on /var. Be sure to
78: include adequate swap space. A minimum is 512 MB, but you should
79: typically have 1 or 2x as much swap space as you do physical RAM.</dd>
80: <dt>Network and Hostname</dt>
81: <dd>LON-CAPA will <b>not</b> work with a machine set up to use a dynamic
82: IP address. When configuring your network card, be sure to unselect
83: the DHCP option and enter your network information. Enter your hostname</dd>
84: <dt>Software Selection</dt>
85: <dd>Select the "Minimal Install" radio button.</dd>
86: </dl>
87: <p>
88: Finish installing your server, reboot it, and log in as root.
89: </p>
90: <h3>Firewall Configuration</h3>
91: <p>
1.5 ! raeburn 92: Starting with LON-CAPA 2.11.3 you have the option of using either firewalld or iptables to
! 93: manage the Firewall on your RHEL7 server/VM, as both are compatible with LON-CAPA's
! 94: port management.</p>
! 95: <p>Enable access to standard web server ports (i.e., http and https) as follows if using
! 96: firewalld:</p>
! 97: <pre>
! 98: systemctl enable firewalld
! 99: systemctl start firewalld
! 100: firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
! 101: firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
! 102: firewall-cmd --reload
! 103: </pre>
! 104: <p>If you prefer to use the traditional iptables package instead of the default firewalld,
! 105: you will need to install iptables-services, disable firewalld, enable iptables, and then
! 106: use the system-config-firewall-tui tool to configure the Firewall.
! 107: </p>
1.1 raeburn 108: <pre>
109: yum install iptables-services
110: systemctl mask firewalld
111: systemctl enable iptables
112: systemctl enable ip6tables
1.3 raeburn 113: systemctl stop firewalld
114: systemctl start iptables
115: systemctl start ip6tables
1.5 ! raeburn 116: </pre>
! 117: <p>
! 118: If you have a subscription to Red Hat you can use subscription-manager to enable the
! 119: rhel-7-server-optional-rpms, and then install system-config-firewall-tui.
! 120: </p>
! 121: <pre>
! 122: subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
! 123: yum install system-config-firewall-tui
! 124: </pre>
! 125: <p>If your server/VM does not currently have a Red Hat subscription you can install wget,
! 126: then download system-config-firewall-tui from the LON-CAPA installation site and install it.
! 127: </p>
! 128: <pre>
1.1 raeburn 129: yum install wget
130: rpm --import http://install.loncapa.org/versions/redhat/RPM-GPG-KEY-loncapa
131: wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/redhat/7Server/system-config-firewall-tui-1.2.29-10.el7.noarch.rpm
132: yum localinstall system-config-firewall-tui-1.2.29-10.el7.noarch.rpm
133: </pre>
1.2 raeburn 134: <p>
1.5 ! raeburn 135: If using iptables, use the system-config-firewall-tui tool to configure the Firewall.
1.1 raeburn 136: </p>
1.2 raeburn 137: <pre>
138: system-config-firewall-tui
139: </pre>
1.1 raeburn 140: <ol>
141: <li>Select Security Level: Enabled, and Customize, to allow
142: incoming: SSH (remote login), WWW (HTTP) and secure WWW
143: (HTTPS).
144: </li>
145: <li>Select OK, and then Quit</li>
146: </ol>
147:
148: <h2>4. <a name="upd">Update your system</a></h2>
149: <p>
1.4 raeburn 150: Enable access to the EPEL repository
151: </p>
152: <pre>
153: yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
154: </pre>
155: <p>
1.1 raeburn 156: Update your system to the latest versions of the system software using yum.
157: </p>
158: <pre>
159: yum update
160: </pre>
161: <p>
162: Reboot your system before continuing with the installation.
163: </p>
164: <p>
165: Retrieve the rhel7_loncapa_yum file from the LON-CAPA install site:
166: </p>
167: <pre>
1.5 ! raeburn 168: yum install wget
1.1 raeburn 169: wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/redhat/7Server/rhel7_loncapa_yum.conf
170: </pre>
171: <p>
172: Install the rhel7_loncapa_yum.conf
173: </p>
174: <pre>
175: mv /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.conf.backup
176: cp rhel7_loncapa_yum.conf /etc/yum.conf
177: yum update
178: </pre>
1.4 raeburn 179: <p>
180: Verify the required repositories are enabled:
181: </p>
182: <pre>
183: yum repolist enabled
184: </pre>
185: <p>
186: The list of enabled repos should be as follows:
187: </p>
188: <table style="border: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;">
189: <tr><th>repo id</th><th>repo name</th></tr>
190: <tr><td>epel</td><td>Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64</td></tr>
191: <tr><td>loncapa-updates-basearch</td><td>RHEL 7Server LON-CAPA x86_64 Updates</td></tr>
192: <tr><td>loncapa-updates-noarch</td><td>RHEL 7Server LON-CAPA noarch Updates</td></tr>
193: <tr><td>rhel-x86_64-server-7 </td><td>Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 for x86_64)<td></tr>
194: <tr><td>rhel-x86_64-server-optional-7</td><td>RHEL Server Optional (v. 7 x86_64)</td></tr>
195: </table>
1.1 raeburn 196:
197: <h3>Configure SELinux</h3>
198: <p>
199: The default RHEL7 installation includes SELinux enabled. Until such time as an SELinux security policy has been created for LON-CAPA, SELinux should be disabled.
200: Retrieve the loncapa_selinux_config file from the LON-CAPA install site:
201: </p>
202: <pre>
203: wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/redhat/7Server/loncapa_selinux_config
204: </pre>
205: <p>
206: Install the selinux config file
207: </p>
208: <pre>
209: mv /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.backup
210: mv loncapa_selinux_config /etc/selinux/config
211: reboot
212: </pre>
213:
214: <h2>5. <a name="ilc">Installing LON-CAPA</a></h2>
215: <h3>Install prerequisites</h3>
216: <p> Execute: </p>
217: <pre>
218: yum install LONCAPA-prerequisites
219: </pre><p>
220: This may take some minutes due to LON-CAPA's large number of dependencies.
221: </p>
222: <h3>Retrieve and execute LON-CAPA setup program</h3>
223: <p>
224: Retrieve the LON-CAPA setup with the following command:
225: </p>
226: <pre>
227: wget http://install.loncapa.org/linux/install.tar
228: </pre>
229: <p>
230: Extract the archive with the following command:
231: </p>
232: <pre>
233: tar xf install.tar
234: </pre>
235: <p>
236: This creates a directory named <tt>installation</tt>. Change to it and
237: execute the setup script with the following commands:
238: </p>
239: <pre>
240: cd installation
241: ./install.pl
242: </pre>
243: <p>
244: The script is used to prepare a Linux system to run LON-CAPA, and can also be
245: used to check the configuration of a system on which LON-CAPA has already been installed. Typically, though, you will run this script only once, when you first install LON-CAPA.
246: </p>
247: <p>
248: The script will analyze your system to determine which actions are recommended. The script will then prompt you to choose the actions you would like taken.
249: Once a choice has been entered for all nine possible actions, required changes will be made.
250: </p>
251: <p>The possible actions are:</p>
252: <ul>
253: <li>Create the www user/group</li>
254: <li>Install the package LON-CAPA uses to authenticate users.</li>
255: <li>Set-up the MySQL (Mariadb) database</li>
256: <li>Set-up MySQL (Mariadb) permissions</li>
257: <li>Configure Apache web server</li>
258: <li>Configure start-up of services</li>
259: <li>Check firewall settings</li>
260: <li>Stop services not used by LON-CAPA, e.g., services for a print server: cups daemon</li>
261: <li>Download LON-CAPA source code in readiness for installation</li>
262: </ul>
263: <h3>Determine LON-CAPA Settings</h3>
264: <p>
265: LON-CAPA requires a number of identifying parameters to be set in order
266: for it to function at all. Below is a list with descriptions.
267: </p>
268: <dl>
269: <dt>Host Type (library or access)</dt>
270: <dd>The server must be designated a 'library' or an 'access' server. In
271: general you should have a library server for your instructors to create
272: their course content on and run their courses. Students should connect
273: to access servers. If you are doing the first install of LON-CAPA at
274: your site, or if you are playing with it for your own edification you
275: should make your machine a 'library' server.</dd>
276: <dt>LON-CAPA domain</dt>
277: <dd>Each site or school which installs LON-CAPA needs its own domain.
278: Here at MSU we use 'msu'. You should choose something short but
279: meaningful. <i>Restriction: One word, no hyphens, underscores, or
280: special characters.</i><br>Domain names which include a departmental
281: abbreviation are not recommended as although LON-CAPA may start in
282: a single department, other departments frequently join subsequently.
283: For a domain name: 'msu' is a superior choice to 'msuphys' for example.
284: </dd>
285: <dt>LON-CAPA host id</dt>
286: <dd>Each LON-CAPA server requires a unique internal name. We use names
287: such as "msul1" for the first library server. <i>Restriction: One word,
288: no hyphens, underscores, or special characters.</i>
289: </dd>
290: <dt>Domain's Primary Library Server ID</dt>
291: <dd>If you are setting up a domain with a single library server, then the domain's primary library server ID will be the LON-CAPA host id of that server (e.g., msul1). Once your domain grows and you need to add more servers, one of the library servers in the domain should be assigned as the domain's primary library server. This will be where domain-wide settings will be stored.<dd>
292: <dt>Host administrator email</dt>
293: <dd>The amount of email sent to this address is relatively minimal. Messages
294: are sent every time the system starts up, or if the system is in
295: serious trouble. On a laptop, make this <tt>root@localhost</tt>.
296: </dd>
297: <dt>Support email address</dt>
298: <dd>If you enter an e-mail address here, then users of the system
299: will be able to click an "Ask Helpdesk" link in the system to
300: display a web form which they will complete to request support from
301: your institution's helpdesk. On form submission the contents
302: will be sent to the e-mail address you specify.
303: </dd>
304: </dl>
305:
306: <h3>Configuring LON-CAPA</h3>
307: <p>
308: To configure and install LON-CAPA, execute the following commands:
309: </p>
310: <pre>
311: cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.11.0')
312: ./UPDATE
313: </pre>
314: <p>
315: You will need to enter the LON-CAPA configuration information you determined
316: in the previous section.
317: </p>
318:
319: <h2>6. <a name="cdc">Creating a Domain Coordinator</a></h2>
320: <p>
321: You will need at least one user at your site who has the role of
322: 'domain coordinator'. This user creates accounts for other users and
323: grants them additional privileges. The make_domain_coordinator.pl script
324: invoked below requires that you enter the user's password.
325: Feel free to use the "passwd username" command to change it later.
326: Replace USERNAME and DOMAIN with an appropriate user name and your domain.
327: If installing a library server and an access server on separate machines or VMs
328: you need only run make_domain_coordinator.pl on the library server.
329: </p>
330: <pre>
331: cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z/loncom/build
332: perl make_domain_coordinator.pl USERNAME DOMAIN
333: </pre>
334:
335: <h2>7. <a name="sts">Start/Restart Services</a></h2>
336: <p>
337: The LON-CAPA network services take a moment to start. Most misconfigurations
338: will be apparent at this step.
339: </p>
340: <pre>
341: /etc/init.d/loncontrol start
342: service httpd start
343: </pre>
344: <p>
345: If you receive warnings about missing perl modules, when starting the httpd service
346: please make sure you followed the instructions in
347: <b>Installing LON-CAPA Dependencies</b>. If you still have errors, please
348: contact the LON-CAPA Helpdesk -- helpdesk at loncapa.org
349: </p>
350:
351: <h2>8. <a name="log">Log in to your LON-CAPA Machine</a></h2>
352: <p>
353: Point a web browser at your new machine and log in as the domain
354: coordinator. Congratulations!
355: </p>
356:
357: <hr>
358: <h2>If things aren't working right</h2>
359: <p>
360: If you've followed the steps above and the server doesn't start or you think
361: there's something wrong, please contact the LON-CAPA helpdesk.
362: Installation/update support is available from: helpdesk at loncapa.org
363: (replace " at " with @).
364: If there were errors in installation of the dependency RPMs or errors during the
365: automatic setup, please send us as much information as possible.
366: If some part of this document is unclear please let us know.
367: </p>
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