Annotation of doc/build/centos9-stream_install.frag, revision 1.2
1.1 raeburn 1: <h1>Installing LON-CAPA on a minimal CentOS Stream 9 System</h1>
2: <p>
3: This document guides you through the process of setting up a new LON-CAPA
4: server or virtual machine running CentOS Stream 9 with a minimum of packages installed.
5: The server or virtual machine will be configured solely as a LON-CAPA server and will be
6: expected to have no other services running. Your server or virtual machine is expected to have
7: a fast connection to the internet.
8: </p><p>
9: More information is available at
10: <a href="http://install.lon-capa.org/">http://install.lon-capa.org/</a>.
11: </p>
12:
13: <h2>Before you begin</h2>
14: <p>
15: Installing Linux is straightforward.
16: You will be required to log in to the machine and execute
17: some routine Unix commands. Familiarity with the Apache web server, mod_perl,
18: perl, and MySQL are not required to install and run LON-CAPA.
19: </p>
20:
21: <h2>Installation Overview</h2>
22: <p>
23: The installation process takes the following steps:
24: </p>
25: <ol>
26: <li><a href="#obt">Obtain CentOS Stream 9 installation iso file</a></li>
27: <li><a href="#net">Determine Network Settings</a></li>
28: <li><a href="#lin">Install CentOS Stream 9</a></li>
29: <li><a href="#upd">Update your system</a></li>
30: <li><a href="#ilc">Install LON-CAPA</a></li>
31: <li><a href="#cdc">Create a Domain Coordinator</a></li>
32: <li><a href="#sts">Start/Restart services</a></li>
33: <li><a href="#log">Log in to LON-CAPA</a></li>
34: </ol>
35:
36: <hr />
37: <h2>1. <a id="obt">Obtain CentOS Stream 9</a></h2>
38: <p>
39: CentOS Stream 9 isos can be obtained from links included on the
40: <a href="http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/9-stream/isos/x86_64/">CentOS Stream download page</a>.
41: Either download the CentOS-Stream 9 boot iso or the CentOS-Stream 9 dvd1 iso.
42: </p>
43:
44: <h2>2. <a id="net">Determine Network Settings</a></h2>
45: <p>
46: You will need to know the following network settings for your installation.
47: <b>Note: </b>You must have a static IP address to use LON-CAPA.
48: DHCP is <em>not</em> supported.
49:
50: <ul>
51: <li>ip address </li>
52: <li>netmask </li>
53: <li>hostname </li>
54: <li>gateway </li>
55: <li>domain name server(s) </li>
56: </ul>
57:
58: <h2>3. <a id="lin">Minimal CentOS Stream 9 Install</a></h2>
59: <p>
60: Most of the installation screens are self explanatory.
61: There are a few steps that require comment and are dealt with below.
62: </p>
63: <dl style="list-style:square outside none">
64: <dt>Installation Language</dt>
65: <dd>Use English as your installation language.</dd>
66: <dt>Installation Destination</dt>
67: <dd>For a fresh install may want to use the automatic partitioning feature of the installer.
68: If you want to customize partitioning check the "I will configure partitioning" radio button.
69: LON-CAPA resource files are stored in the /home directory, so the
70: majority of the disk space should be allocated here. If you have 20 GB
71: of space for CentOS Stream, /home should receive at least 10 to 12 GB.
72: Since Mariadb uses the /var filesystem to store its databases you should
73: have at least 4 GB of space available on /var. Be sure to
74: include adequate swap space. A minimum is 512 MB, but you should
75: typically have 1 or 2x as much swap space as you do physical RAM.</dd>
76: <dt>Network and Hostname</dt>
77: <dd>LON-CAPA will <b>not</b> work with a machine set up to use a dynamic
78: IP address. When configuring your network card, be sure to unselect
79: the DHCP option and enter your network information. Enter your hostname</dd>
80: <dt>Software Selection</dt>
81: <dd>Check the "Minimal Install" radio button in the "Base Environment" panel,
82: and check the "Standard" checkbox in the "Add-Ons for Selected Environment" panel.</dd>
83: </dl>
84: <p>
85: Finish installing your server, reboot it, and log in as root.
86: </p>
87: <h3>Optionally add a user who can login using ssh</h3>
88: <p>
89: The default is to disallow login for root using ssh, so if you plan to allow remote access via ssh, it is recommended to create a user account, replacing <username> with the desired username in the commands below. If you prefer, you can skip this step and simply use the Linux user account which you will create later at step 6 ("Creating a Domain Coordinator") for ssh access.
90: <pre>
1.2 ! raeburn 91: /sbin/adduser <username>
! 92: passwd <username>
1.1 raeburn 93: </pre>
94: <h3>Firewall Configuration</h3>
95: <p>
96: LON-CAPA can use Firewalld, available by default for CentOS Stream 9. Enable access to standard
97: web server ports (i.e., http and https):
98: </p>
99: <pre>
100: systemctl enable firewalld
101: systemctl start firewalld
102: firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
103: firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
104: firewall-cmd --reload
105: </pre>
106:
107: <h2>4. <a id="upd">Update your system</a></h2>
108: <p>
109: Update your system to the latest versions of the system software using dnf.
110: </p>
111: <pre>
112: dnf update
113: </pre>
114: <p>
115: If the kernel was updated, reboot your system before continuing with the installation.
116: </p>
117:
118: <h3>Set up access to package repositories</h3>
119: <p>
120: Enable access to the EPEL repository
121: </p>
122: <pre>
123: dnf install epel-release
124: </pre>
125: <p>
126: Enable the CentOS-PowerTools repository
127: </p>
128: <pre>
129: dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
130: </pre>
131: <p>
132: Install the loncapa.repo file from the LON-CAPA install site:
133: </p>
134: <pre>
135: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/loncapa.repo http://install.loncapa.org/versions/centos/9-stream/loncapa.repo
136: </pre>
137: <p>
138: Verify the required repositories are enabled:
139: </p>
140: <pre>
141: dnf repolist enabled
142: </pre>
143: <p>
144: The list of enabled repos should be as follows:
145: </p>
146: <table style="border: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;">
147: <tr><th>repo id</th><th>repo name</th></tr>
148: <tr><td>AppStream</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 - AppStream</td></tr>
149: <tr><td>BaseOS</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 - Base</td></tr>
150: <tr><td>PowerTools</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 - CRB</td></tr>
151: <tr><td>epel</td><td>Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64</td></tr>
152: <tr><td>epel-next</td><td>Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 - Next - x86_64
153: <tr><td>extras</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 - Extras</td></tr>
154: <tr><td>loncapa-updates-basearch</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 LON-CAPA x86_64 Updates</td></tr>
155: <tr><td>loncapa-updates-noarch</td><td>CentOS Stream 9 LON-CAPA noarch Updates</td></tr>
156: </table>
157:
158: <h3>Install and enable a Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), e.g., postfix</h3>
159: <pre>
160: dnf install postfix
161: systemctl enable postfix
162: systemctl start postfix
163: </pre>
164:
165: <h3>Configure SELinux</h3>
166: <p>
167: The default CentOS Stream 9installation includes SELinux enabled. Until such time as an SELinux security policy has been created for LON-CAPA, SELinux should be disabled.
168: Retrieve the loncapa_selinux_config file from the LON-CAPA install site:
169: </p>
170: <pre>
171: wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/centos/9-stream/loncapa_selinux_config
172: </pre>
173: <p>
174: Install the selinux config file
175: </p>
176: <pre>
177: mv /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.backup
178: mv loncapa_selinux_config /etc/selinux/config
179: reboot
180: </pre>
181:
182: <h2>5. <a id="ilc">Installing LON-CAPA</a></h2>
183: <h3>Install prerequisites</h3>
184: <p> Execute: </p>
185: <pre>
186: dnf install LONCAPA-prerequisites
187: </pre><p>
188: This may take some minutes due to LON-CAPA's large number of dependencies.
189: </p>
190: <h3>Retrieve and execute LON-CAPA setup program</h3>
191: <p>
192: Retrieve the LON-CAPA setup with the following command:
193: </p>
194: <pre>
195: wget http://install.loncapa.org/linux/install.tar
196: </pre>
197: <p>
198: Extract the archive with the following command:
199: </p>
200: <pre>
201: tar xf install.tar
202: </pre>
203: <p>
204: This creates a directory named <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console','Menlo','Monaco','Courier', monospace;">installation</span>.
205: Change to it and execute the setup script with the following commands:
206: </p>
207: <pre>
208: cd installation
209: ./install.pl
210: </pre>
211: <p>
212: The script is used to prepare a Linux system to run LON-CAPA, and can also be
213: used to check the configuration of a system on which LON-CAPA has already been installed. Typically, though, you will run this script only once, when you first install LON-CAPA.
214: </p>
215: <p>
216: The script will analyze your system to determine which actions are recommended. The script will then prompt you to choose the actions you would like taken.
217: Once a choice has been entered for all nine possible actions, required changes will be made.
218: </p>
219: <p>The possible actions are:</p>
220: <ul>
221: <li>Create the www user/group</li>
222: <li>Install the package LON-CAPA uses to authenticate users.</li>
223: <li>Set-up the MySQL (Mariadb) database</li>
224: <li>Set-up MySQL (Mariadb) permissions</li>
225: <li>Configure Apache web server</li>
226: <li>Configure start-up of services</li>
227: <li>Check firewall settings</li>
228: <li>Stop services not used by LON-CAPA, e.g., services for a print server: cups daemon</li>
229: <li>Download LON-CAPA source code in readiness for installation</li>
230: </ul>
231: <h3>Determine LON-CAPA Settings</h3>
232: <p>
233: LON-CAPA requires a number of identifying parameters to be set in order
234: for it to function at all. Below is a list with descriptions.
235: </p>
236: <dl>
237: <dt>Host Type (library or access)</dt>
238: <dd>The server must be designated a 'library' or an 'access' server. In
239: general you should have a library server for your instructors to create
240: their course content on and run their courses. Students should connect
241: to access servers. If you are doing the first install of LON-CAPA at
242: your site, or if you are playing with it for your own edification you
243: should make your machine a 'library' server.</dd>
244: <dt>LON-CAPA domain</dt>
245: <dd>Each site or school which installs LON-CAPA needs its own domain.
246: Here at MSU we use 'msu'. You should choose something short but
247: meaningful. <i>Restriction: One word, no underscores, and no special
248: characters except . or -</i> .<br />Domain names which include a departmental
249: abbreviation are not recommended as although LON-CAPA may start in
250: a single department, other departments frequently join subsequently.
251: For a domain name: 'msu' is a superior choice to 'msuphys' for example.
252: </dd>
253: <dt>LON-CAPA host id</dt>
254: <dd>Each LON-CAPA server requires a unique internal name. We use names
255: such as "msul1" for the first library server. <i>Restriction: One word,
256: no underscores, and no special characters except -</i> .
257: </dd>
258: <dt>Domain's Primary Library Server ID</dt>
259: <dd>If you are setting up a domain with a single library server, then the domain's primary library server ID will be the LON-CAPA host id of that server (e.g., msul1). Once your domain grows and you need to add more servers, one of the library servers in the domain should be assigned as the domain's primary library server. This will be where domain-wide settings will be stored.<dd>
260: <dt>Host administrator email</dt>
261: <dd>The amount of email sent to this address is relatively minimal. Messages
262: are sent every time the system starts up, or if the system is in
263: serious trouble. If you are installing a LON-CAPA instance on a laptop,
264: because you are planning to contribute to LON-CAPA development,
265: make this <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console','Menlo','Monaco','Courier', monospace;">
266: root@localhost</span>.
267: </dd>
268: <dt>Support email address</dt>
269: <dd>Enter an e-mail address here, so users of the system
270: will be able to click an "Ask Helpdesk" link in the system to
271: display a web form which they will complete to request support from
272: your institution's helpdesk. On form submission the contents
273: will be sent to the e-mail address you specify.
274: </dd>
275: </dl>
276:
277: <h3>Configuring LON-CAPA</h3>
278: <p>
279: To configure and install LON-CAPA, execute the following commands:
280: </p>
281: <pre>
282: cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.11.4')
283: ./UPDATE
284: </pre>
285: <p>
286: You will need to enter the LON-CAPA configuration information you determined
287: in the previous section.
288: </p>
289:
290: <h2>6. <a id="cdc">Creating a Domain Coordinator</a></h2>
291: <p>
292: You will need at least one user at your site who has the role of
293: 'domain coordinator'. This user creates accounts for other users and
294: grants them additional privileges. The make_domain_coordinator.pl script
295: invoked below requires that you enter the user's password.
296: Feel free to use the "passwd username" command to change it later.
297: Replace USERNAME and DOMAIN with an appropriate user name and your domain.
298: If installing a library server and an access server on separate machines or VMs
299: you need only run make_domain_coordinator.pl on the library server.
300: </p>
301: <pre>
302: cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z/loncom/build
303: perl make_domain_coordinator.pl USERNAME DOMAIN
304: </pre>
305:
306: <h2>7. <a id="sts">Start/Restart Services</a></h2>
307: <p>
308: The LON-CAPA network services take a moment to start. Most misconfigurations
309: will be apparent at this step.
310: </p>
311: <pre>
312: /home/httpd/perl/loncontrol start
313: systemctl start httpd
314: </pre>
315: <p>
316: If you receive warnings about missing perl modules, when starting the httpd service
317: please make sure that the LONCAPA-prerequisites rpm is installed using this command:
318: </p>
319: <pre>
320: rpm -q LONCAPA-prerequisites rpm
321: </pre>
322: <p>
323: If it is not installed, ensure that the required Linux repositories are enabled (see
324: the "Set up access to package repositories" section above), then install it:
325: </p>
326: <pre>
327: dnf install LONCAPA-prerequisites
328: </pre>
329: <p>
330: If you still have errors, please contact the LON-CAPA Helpdesk: helpdesk at loncapa.org
331: </p>
332: <p>Ensure that LON-CAPA network services and the httpd service are set to start on boot:
333: <pre>
334: systemctl enable loncontrol
335: systemctl enable httpd
336: </pre>
337:
338: <h2>8. <a id="log">Log in to your LON-CAPA Machine</a></h2>
339: <p>
340: Point a web browser at your new machine and log in as the domain
341: coordinator. Congratulations!
342: </p>
343:
344: <hr>
345: <h2>If things aren't working right</h2>
346: <p>
347: If you've followed the steps above and the server doesn't start or you think
348: there's something wrong, please contact the LON-CAPA helpdesk.
349: Installation/update support is available from: helpdesk at loncapa.org
350: (replace " at " with @).
351: If there were errors in installation of the dependency RPMs or errors during the
352: automatic setup, please send us as much information as possible.
353: If some part of this document is unclear please let us know.
354: </p>
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