Annotation of doc/homework/homework5.html, revision 1.6
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4: <title>LON-CAPA Homework System</title>
5: </head>
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1.5 ng 7: <body bgcolor="white">
1.1 albertel 8: <h1>LON-CAPA Homework System</h1>
9:
10: <h2>Tags</h2>
11: <ul>
12: <li>
13: Response tags
14: <p>
15: Arguments for all response tags
16: </p>
17: <ul>
18: <li>
19: <i>ID</i>, if this isn't set it will be set during
20: the publication step. It is used to assign parameters names
21: in a way that can be tracked if an instructor modifies
22: things by hand.
23: </li>
24: <li>
25: <i>name</i> optional, if set, it will be used by the
26: resource assembly tool when one is modifying parameters.
27: </li>
28: </ul>
29: <p>
30: Implemented response tags
31: </p>
32: <ul>
33: <li>
1.2 albertel 34: <b><responseparam></b> if it appears it should be
35: inside of a <*response> tag, defines an externally
36: adjustable parameter for this question. Arguments:
37: <ul>
38: <li>
39: <i>default</i> required, specifies a default value for
40: the parameter
41: </li>
42: <li>
43: <i>name</i> required, specifies an internal name for
44: the parameter
45: </li>
46: <li>
47: <i>type</i> required specifies the type of parameter,
48: one of "tolerance", "int", "float", "string", "date"
49: (configuration of paramters is handled by
50: lonparmset.pm and parameter.html)
51: </li>
52: <li>
53: <i>description</i> a string describing the parameter,
54: this is what is used to talk about a parameter outside
55: of a problem
56: </li>
57: </ul>
58: </li>
59: <li>
1.1 albertel 60: <b><numericalresponse></b> implements a numerical
61: answer, it needs an internal <b><textline></b> for
62: the response to go in. It checks all styles of numerical
63: supported in CAPA. Possible args are:
64: <ul>
65: <li><i>answer</i> required, specifies the correct answer, must be a perl list</li>
66: <li><i>type</i> optional, CAPA style str args, cs/ci/mc</li>
67: <li><i>units</i> optional, specifies unit of correct answer, CAPA style</li>
68: </ul>
69: </li>
70: <li>
71: <b><essayresponse></b> implements a ungraded large
72: text response, it need an internal <b><textarea></b>
73: for the response to go in.
74: </li>
75: <li>
76: <b><imageresponse></b> implements a image click
77: style image submission, uses the foil structure tags <a
78: href="#foil">below</a>. Additional tags that should appear
79: in a <foil> are:
80: <ul>
81: <li><b><image></b> required, the contained text
82: specifies a published graphical resource that is the
83: image used, should only appear once per foil</li>
84: <li><b><rectangle></b> required, the contained text
85: specifies a rectangular area that is correct, should
86: look like (1,2)-(3,4), at least 1 required</li>
87: <li><b><text></b> required, the contained text is
88: printed on top of the image.</li>
89: </ul>
90: </li>
91: <li>
92: <b><optionresponse></b> implements a "select from
93: these choices" style question, the choices are specified
94: by the instructor, it uses the foil structure tags <a
95: href="#foil">below</a> with this additional args:
96: <ul>
97: <li>
98: <b><foilgroup></b> is required to have
99: <i>options</i> which should be a perl list of possible
100: options for the student.
101: </li>
102: </ul>
103: </li>
104: <li>
105: <b><radiobuttonresponse></b> implements a true / false
106: style question with 1 correct answer.it uses the foil
107: structure tags <a href="#foil">below</a> but the
108: <i>value</i> of a <foil>can only be "true" or
109: "false" or "unused"
110: </li>
111: </ul>
112: <li>
113: <a name="foil">Foil Structure Tags</a>
114: <p>
115: All tags that implement a foil structure have an optional
116: arg of <i>max</i> that controls the maximum number of total
117: foils to show.
118: </p>
119: <ul>
120: <li>
121: <b><foilgroup></b> required, must be the tag that
122: surrounds all foil definitions
123: </li>
124: <li>
125: <b><foil></b> required, all data inside is a possible foil
126: </li>
127: <li>
128: <b><conceptgroup></b> optional, surrounds a
129: collection of <foil>, when a problem is displayed
130: only one of the contained <foil>is selected for
131: display. It receives one required argument
132: <i>concept</i>.
133: </li>
134: </ul>
135: </li>
136: <li>
137: Hint structure
138: <p>
139: All of these tags must appear inside a <b><*response></b> tag.
140: </p>
141: <ul>
142: <li>
143: <b><hintgroup></b> Tag that surrounds all of a hint.
144: </li>
145: <li>
146: <b><hintpart></b> required, Tag to implement
147: conditional hints. It has a required argument
148: <i>on</i>. When a <*hint> tag named the same as the
149: value the </i>on</i> attribute evaluates to be correct the
150: <hintpart> will show. If no other <hintpart>
151: are to show then all hintparts with a <i>on</i> of
152: "default" will show
153: </li>
154: <li>
155: <b><numericalhint></b> has all the arguments that
156: <numericalresponse>, does and the required attribute
157: <i>name</i> which should be set to the value of which
158: <hintpart> will be shown.
159: </li>
160: </ul>
161: </li>
162: <li>
163: Input Tags
164: <p>
165: This group of tags implement a mechanism for getting data
166: for students, they will usually be used by a
167: <*response>.
168: </p>
169: <ul>
170: <li>
171: <b><textarea></b> creates a Large text input box, If
172: data appears between the start and end tags, the data will
173: appear i the textarea if the student has not yet made a
174: submission. Additionally it takes two arguments <i>rows</i>
175: and <i>cols</i> which control the height and width of the
176: area respectively. It defaults to 10 and 80.
177: </li>
178: <li>
179: <b><textline></b> creates a single line of input
180: element, it accepts 1 argument <i>size</i> which controls
181: the width on the textline, it defaults to 20.
182: </li>
183: </ul>
184: </li>
185: <li>
186: Output Tags
187: <p>
188: This group of tags generate useful pieces of output.
189: </p>
190: <ul>
191: <li>
192: <b><displayduedate></b> this will insert the current
193: duedate if one is set into the document. It is generated
194: to be inside a table of 1x1 elements
195: </li>
196: <li>
197: <b><displaytitle></b> this will insert the title of
198: the problem from the metadata of the problem
199: </li>
200: <li>
201: <b><window></b> the text in between is put in a
202: popup javascript window
203: </li>
204: </ul>
205: </li>
206: <li>
207: Scripting
208: <p>
209: These tags allow the document to behave programatically
210: </p>
211: <ul>
212: <li>
213: <b><display></b> the intervening perl script is
214: evaluated in the safe space and the return value of the
215: script replaces the entire tag
216: </li>
217: <li>
218: <b><import></b> causes the parse to read in the file
219: named in the body of the tag and parse it as if the entire
220: text of the file had existed at location of the tag
221: </li>
222: <li>
223: <b><parserlib></b> the enclosed filename contains
224: definitions for new tags
225: </li>
226: <li>
227: <b><script></b> if the argument <i>type</i> is set
228: to "loncapa/perl" the enclosed data is a perl script which
229: is evaluated inside the perl Safe space. The return value
230: of the script is ignored.
231: </li>
232: <li>
233: <b><scriptlib></b> the enclosed filename contains
234: perl code to run in the safe space
235: </li>
236: <li>
237: <b><block></b> has a required argument
238: <i>condition</i> that is evaluated, it the condition is
239: true everything inside the tag is evaluated, if it is false
240: everything inside the block tag is skipped
241: </li>
242: <li>
243: <b><notsolved></b> everything inside the tag is
244: skipped if the problem is "solved"
245: </li>
246: <li>
247: <b><postanswerdate></b> everything inside the tag is
248: skipped if the problem is before the answer date
249: </li>
250: <li>
251: <b><preduedate></b> everything inside the tag is
252: skipped if the problem is after the due date
253: </li>
254: <li>
255: <b><randomlist></b> the enclosed tags are parsed in
256: a stable random order
257: </li>
258: <li>
259: <b><solved></b> everything inside the tag is
260: skipped if the problem is "not solved"
261: </li>
262: <li>
263: <b><while></b> implements a while loop, required
264: argument <i>condition</i> is a perl scriptlet that when
265: evaluated results in a true or false value, on true the
266: entirety of the text between the whiles is parsed. The
267: condition is tested again, etc. If false it goes to the
268: next node in the parse.
269: </li>
270: </ul>
271: </li>
272: <li>
273: Structure Tags
274: <p>
275: These tags give the problem a structure and take care of the
276: recording of data and giving the student messages.
277: </p>
278: <ul>
279: <li>
280: <b><problem></b> must be the first tag in the file,
281: this tag sets up the header of the webpage and generates
282: the submit buttons, it also handles due dates properly
283: </li>
284: <li>
285: <b><part></b> must be below <problem> if it is
286: going to be used. It does many of the same tasks as
287: <problem> but allows multiple separate problems to
288: exist in a single file.
289: </li>
290: <li>
291: <b><startouttext></b><b><endouttext></b> these
292: tags are somewhat special, they must have no internal text
293: and occur in pairs. Their use is to mark up the problem so
294: the web editor knows what sections should be edited in a
295: plain text block on the web.
296: </li>
297: </ul>
298: </li>
299: </ul>
300: <h2><script> Functions</h2>
301: <p>
302: A list of functions that have been written that are available in
1.5 ng 303: the Safe space scripting environment inside a problem.
1.1 albertel 304: </p>
305: <ul>
1.3 ng 306: <li>sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</li>
307: <li>asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x)</li>
308: <li>log(x), log10(x)</li>
309: <li>exp(), pow(x,y), sqrt(x)</li>
310: <li>abs(x), sgn(x)</li>
311: <li>erf(x), erfc(x)</li>
312: <li>ceil(x), floor(x)</li>
313: <li>min(...), max(...)</li>
314: <li>factorial(n)</li>
315: <li>N%M</li>
316: <li>sinh(x), cosh(x), tanh(x)</li>
317: <li>asinh(x), acosh(x), atanh(x)</li>
318: <li>roundto(x,n)</li>
319: <li>web("a","b","c") or web(a,b,c)</li>
320: <li>html("a") or html(a)</li>
321: <li>j0(x), j1(x), jn(n,x), jv(y,x)</li>
322: <li>y0(x), y1(x), yn(n,x), yv(y,x)</li>
1.1 albertel 323: <li>random</li>
324: <li>choose</li>
1.3 ng 325: <li>tex("a","b") or tex(a,b)</li>
326: <li>var_in_tex(a)</li>
327: <li>to_string(x), to_string(x,y)</li>
328: <li>class(), section()</li>
329: <li>name(), student_number()</li>
330: <li>open_date(), due_date(), answer_date()</li>
331: <li>sub_string()</li>
332: <li>array_moments(array)</li>
333: <li>format(x,y)</li>
334: <li>map(...)</li>
1.1 albertel 335: <li>caparesponse_check</li>
336: <li>caparesponse_check_list</li>
337: </ul>
1.5 ng 338: <!-- Table inserted by H. K. Ng
339: 06/01/2001
340: 06/12/2001
341: -->
342: <p>
343: Detailed descriptions of each function and comparison with CAPA.
344: </p>
1.4 ng 345:
346: <table border=1>
347: <tr>
348: <td valign="top"><b>CAPA Functions</b</td>
349: <td valign="top"><b>LON-CAPA</b</td>
350: <td valign="top"><b>Descriptions</b</td>
351: <td valign="top"><b>Differences (if any)</b</td>
352: </tr>
353:
354: <tr>
355: <td valign="top">sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</td>
356: <td valign="top">&sin($x), &cos($x), &tan($x)</td>
357: <td valign="top">Trigonometric functions where x is in radians. $x
358: can be a pure number, i.e., you can call &sin(3.1415)</td>
359: <td valign="top"> </td>
360: </tr>
361:
362: <tr>
363: <td valign="top">sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</td>
364: <td valign="top">&sin($x), &cos($x), &tan($x)</td>
365: <td valign="top">Trigonometric functions where x is in radians. $x
366: can be a pure number, i.e., you can call &sin(3.1415)</td>
367: <td valign="top"> </td>
368: </tr>
369:
370: <tr>
371: <td valign="top">asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x)</td>
372: <td valign="top">&asin($x), &acos($x), &atan($x), &atan2($y,$x)</td>
373: <td valign="top">Inverse trigonometric functions. Return value is
374: in radians. For asin and acos the value of x must be between -1 and 1.
375: The atan2 returns a value between -pi and pi the sign of which is determined
376: by y. $x and $y can be pure numbers</td>
377: <td valign="top"> </td>
378: </tr>
379:
380: <tr>
381: <td valign="top">log(x), log10(x)</td>
382: <td valign="top">&log($x), &log10($x)</td>
383: <td valign="top">Natural and base-10 logarithm. $x can be a pure number</td>
384: <td valign="top"> </td>
385: </tr>
386:
387: <tr>
388: <td valign="top">exp(x), pow(x,y), sqrt(x)</td>
389: <td valign="top">&exp($x), &pow($x,$y), &sqrt($x)</td>
390: <td valign="top">Exponential, power and square root, i.e.,e<sup>x</sup>, x<sup>y</sup> and /x. $x and $y can be pure numbers</td>
391:
392: <td valign="top"> </td>
393: </tr>
394:
395: <tr>
396: <td valign="top">abs(x), sgn(x)</td>
397: <td valign="top">&abs($x), &sgn($x)</td>
398: <td valign="top">Abs takes the absolute value of x while sgn(x) returns
399: 1, 0 or -1 depending on the value of x. For x>0, sgn(x) = 1, for x=0, sgn(x)
400: = 0 and for x<0, sgn(x) = -1. $x can be a pure number</td>
401: <td valign="top"> </td>
402: </tr>
403:
404: <tr>
405: <td valign="top">erf(x), erfc(x)</td>
406: <td valign="top">&erf($x), &erfc($x)</td>
407: <td valign="top">Error function. erf = 2/sqrt(pi) integral (0,x) e<sup>t-sq</sup> and <i> erfx(x)</i> = 1.0 - <i>erf(x)</i>. $x can be a pure number</td>
408: <td valign="top"> </td>
409: </tr>
410:
411: <tr>
412: <td valign="top">ceil(x), floor(x)</td>
413: <td valign="top">&ceil($x), &floor($x)</td>
414: <td valign="top">Ceil function returns an integer rounded up whereas
415: floor function returns and integer rounded down. If x is an integer than
416: it returns the value of the integer. $x can be a pure number</td>
417: <td valign="top"> </td>
418: </tr>
419:
420: <tr>
421: <td valign="top">min(...), max(...)</td>
422: <td valign="top">&min(...), &max(...)</td>
423: <td valign="top">Returns the minimum/ maximum value of a list of
424: arguments if the arguments are numbers. If the arguments are strings then
425: it returns a string sorted according to the ASCII codes</td>
426: <td valign="top"> </td>
427: </tr>
428:
429: <tr>
430: <td valign="top">factorial(n)</td>
431: <td valign="top">&factorial($n)</td>
432: <td valign="top">Argument (n) must be an integer else it will round
433: down. The largest value for n is 170. $n can be a pure number</td>
434: <td valign="top"> </td>
435: </tr>
436:
437: <tr>
438: <td valign="top">N%M</td>
439: <td valign="top">$N%$M</td>
440:
441: <td valign="top">N and M are integers and returns the remainder (in
442: integer) of N/M. $N and $M can be pure numbers</td>
443: <td valign="top"> </td>
444: </tr>
445:
446: <tr>
447: <td valign="top">sinh(x), cosh(x), tanh(x)</td>
448: <td valign="top">&sinh($x), &cosh($x), &tanh($x)</td>
449: <td valign="top">Hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number</td>
450: <td valign="top"> </td>
451: </tr>
452:
453: <tr>
454: <td valign="top">asinh(x), acosh(x), atanh(x)</td>
455: <td valign="top">&asinh($x), &acosh($x), &atanh($x)</td>
456: <td valign="top">Inverse hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number</td>
457: <td valign="top"> </td>
458: </tr>
459:
460: <tr>
461: <td valign="top">roundto(x,n)</td>
462: <td valign="top">&roundto($x,$n)</td>
463: <td valign="top">Rounds a real number to n decimal points. $x and
464: $n can be pure numbers</td>
465: <td valign="top"> </td>
466: </tr>
467:
468: <tr>
469: <td valign="top">web("a","b","c") or web(a,b,c)</td>
470: <td valign="top">&web("a","b","c") or &web($a,$b,$c)</td>
471: <td valign="top">Returns either a, b or c depending on the output
472: medium. a is for plain ASCII, b for tex output and c for html output</td>
473: <td valign="top"> </td>
474: </tr>
475:
476: <tr>
477: <td valign="top">html("a") or html(a)</td>
478: <td valign="top">&html("a") or &html($a)</td>
479: <td valign="top">Output only if the output mode chosen is in html
480: format</td>
481: <td valign="top"> </td>
482: </tr>
483:
484: <tr>
485: <td valign="top">jn(m,x)</td>
486: <td valign="top">&j0($x), &j1($x), &jn($m,$x), &jv($y,$x)</td>
487: <td valign="top">Bessel functions of the first kind with orders 0,
488: 1 and m respectively. For jn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for jv(y,x),
489: y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and can be a
490: pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number</td>
491: <td valign="top">In CAPA, j0, j1 and jn are contained in one function,
1.5 ng 492: jn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. jv(y,x) is new to LON-CAPA.</td>
1.4 ng 493: </tr>
494:
495: <tr>
496: <td valign="top">yn(m,x)</td>
497: <td valign="top">&y0($x), &y1($x), &yn($m,$x), &yv($y,$x)</td>
498: <td valign="top">Bessel functions of the second kind with orders
499: 0, 1 and m respectively. For yn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for
500: yv(y,x), y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and
501: can be a pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number</td>
502: <td valign="top">In CAPA, y0, y1 and yn are contained in one function,
1.5 ng 503: yn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. yv(y,x) is new to LON-CAPA.</td>
1.4 ng 504: </tr>
505:
506: <tr>
507: <td valign="top">random(l,u,d)</td>
508: <td valign="top">&random($l,$u,$d)</td>
509: <td valign="top">Returns a uniformly distributed random number between
510: the lower bound, l and upper bound, u in steps of d. $l, $u and $d can
511: be pure numbers</td>
512: <td valign="top">In CAPA, all the 3 arguments must be of the same
513: type. However, now you can mix the type</td>
514: </tr>
515:
516: <tr>
517: <td valign="top">choose(i,...)</td>
518: <td valign="top">&choose($i,...)</td>
519: <td valign="top">Choose the ith item from the argument list. i must
520: be an integer greater than 0 and the value of i should not exceed the number
521: of items. $i can be a pure integer</td>
522: <td valign="top"> </td>
523: </tr>
524:
525: <tr>
1.6 ! ng 526: <td valign="top">map(seed;a,b,c,d;w,x,y,z)</td>
! 527: <td valign="top">Option 1 - &map($seed,[\$w,\$x,\$y,\$z],\@a) or <br>
! 528: Option 2 - &map($seed,\@a,[$w,$x,$y,$z]) <br>
! 529: where @a=('A','B','C','D') <br>
! 530: $w='W'<br>
! 531: $x='X'<br>
! 532: $y='Y'<br>
! 533: $z='Z'</td>
! 534: <td valign="top">Assigns to the variables $w, $x, $y and $z the values of the
! 535: variables A, B, C and D depending on the seed. (Option 1 of calling map).
! 536: In option 2, the values of $w, $x .. are mapped into the array @a. The two
! 537: options illustrate the different grouping.</td>
! 538: <td valign="top">In CAPA, the arguments are divided into three groups separated
! 539: by a semicolon ;. In LON-CAPA, the separation is done by using [] brackets or
! 540: using an array @a. Note the backslash (\) before the arguments in the
! 541: second and third groups.</td>
! 542: </tr>
! 543:
! 544:
! 545: <tr>
! 546: <td valign="top">rmap(seed;a,b,c,d;w,x,y,z)</td>
! 547: <td valign="top">&rmap($seed,[\$w,\$x,\$y,\$z],\@a) or <br>
! 548: &rmap($seed,\@a,[$w,$x,$y,$z]) <br>
! 549: where @a=('A','B','C','D') <br>
! 550: $w='W'<br>
! 551: $x='X'<br>
! 552: $y='Y'<br>
! 553: $z='Z'</td>
! 554: <td valign="top">The rmap functions does the reverse action of map if the same seed
! 555: is used in calling map and rmap. </td>
! 556: <td valign="top">In CAPA, the arguments are divided into three groups separated
! 557: by a semicolon ;. In LON-CAPA, the separation is done by using [] brackets or
! 558: using an array @a. Note the backslash (\) before the arguments in the
! 559: second and third groups.</td>
! 560: </tr>
! 561:
! 562: <tr>
1.4 ng 563: <td valign="top">tex(a,b), tex("a","b")</td>
564: <td valign="top">&tex($a,$b), &tex("a","b")</td>
565: <td valign="top">Returns a if the output mode is in tex otherwise
566: returns b</td>
567: <td valign="top"> </td>
568: </tr>
569:
570: <tr>
571: <td valign="top">var_in_tex(a)</td>
572: <td valign="top">&var_in_tex($a)</td>
573: <td valign="top">Equivalent to tex("a","")</td>
574: <td valign="top"> </td>
575: </tr>
576:
577: <tr>
578: <td valign="top">to_string(x), to_string(x,y)</td>
579: <td valign="top">&to_string($x), &to_string($x,$y)</td>
580: <td valign="top">If x is an integer, returns a string. If x is real
581: than the output is a string with format given by y. For example, if x =
582: 12.3456, &to_string(x,".3F") = 12.345 and &to_string(x,".3E") =
583: 1.234E+01.</td>
584: <td valign="top"> </td>
585: </tr>
586:
587: <tr>
588: <td valign="top">capa_id(), class(), section(), set(), problem()</td>
589: <td valign="top">&class(), &section()</td>
590: <td valign="top">Returns null string, class descriptive name, section
591: number, set number and null string.</td>
592: <td valign="top">capa_id(), set() and problem() are no longer used.
593: Currently, they return a null value.</td>
594: </tr>
595:
596: <tr>
597: <td valign="top">name(), student_number()</td>
598: <td valign="top">&name(), &student_number()</td>
599: <td valign="top">Return the full name in the following format: lastname,
600: firstname initial. Student_number returns the student 9-alphanumeric string.
601: If undefined, the functions return null.</td>
602: <td valign="top"> </td>
603: </tr>
604:
605: <tr>
606: <td valign="top">open_date(), due_date(), answer_date()</td>
607: <td valign="top">&open_date(), &due_date(), &answer_date()</td>
608: <td valign="top">Problem open date, due date and answer date. The
609: time is also included in 24-hr format.</td>
610: <td valign="top">Output format for time is changed slightly. If pass
611: noon, it displays ..pm else it displays ..am. So 23:59 is displayed as
612: 11:59 pm.</td>
613: </tr>
614:
615: <tr>
616: <td valign="top">get_seed(), set_seed()</td>
617: <td valign="top">Not implemented</td>
618: <td valign="top">Get and set the random seed.</td>
619: <td valign="top"> </td>
620: </tr>
621:
622: <tr>
623: <td valign="top">sub_string(a,b,c)</td>
624: <td valign="top">&sub_string($a,$b,$c) <br>perl substr function.
625: However, note the differences</td>
626: <td valign="top">Retrieve a portion of string a starting from b and
627: length c. For example, $a = "Welcome to LON-CAPA";
628: $result=&sub_string($a,4,4); then $result is "come"</td>
629: <td valign="top">Perl intrinsic function, substr(string,b,c) starts
630: counting from 0 (as opposed to 1). In the example to the left, substr($a,4,4)
631: returns "ome ".</td>
632: </tr>
633:
634: <tr>
635: <td valign="top">array[xx]</td>
636: <td valign="top">@arrayname <br>Array is intrinsic in perl.
637: To access a specific element use $arrayname[$n] where $n
638: is the $n+1 element since the array count starts from 0</td>
639: <td valign="top">"xx" can be a variable or a calculation.</td>
640: <td valign="top">In LON-CAPA, an array is defined by @arrayname.
641: It is not necessary to specify the dimension of the array. </td>
642: </tr>
643:
644: <tr>
645: <td valign="top">array_moments(B,A)</td>
646: <td valign="top">@B=&array_moments(@A)</td>
647: <td valign="top">Evaluates the moments of an array A and place the
648: result in array B[i] where i = 0 to 4. The contents of B are as follows:
649: B[0] = number of elements, B[1] = mean, B[2] = variance, B[3] = skewness
650: and B[4] = kurtosis.</td>
1.5 ng 651: <td valign="top">In CAPA, the moments are passed as an array in the first argument whereas
652: in LON-CAPA, the array containing the moments are set equal to the function.</td>
1.4 ng 653: </tr>
654:
655: <tr>
656: <td valign="top">array_max(Name), array_min(Name)</td>
657: <td valign="top">&min(@Name), &max(@Name)</td>
658: <td valign="top">In LON-CAPA to find the maximum value of an array, use
659: &max(@arrayname) and to find the minimum value of an array, use
660: &min(@arrayname)</td>
661: <td valign="top">Combined with the min and max functions defined
662: earlier.</td>
663: </tr>
664:
665: <tr>
666: <td valign="top">init_array(Name)</td>
667: <td valign="top">undef @name</td>
668: <td valign="top">To destroy the contents of an array, use</td>
669: <td valign="top">Use perl intrinsic undef function.</td>
670: </tr>
1.5 ng 671: <tr>
672: <td valign="top">random_normal (return_array,item_cnt,seed,av,std_dev)</td>
673: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_normal ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev)</td>
674: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of normal distribution of average $av and
675: standard deviation $std_dev. The distribution is generated from seed $seed</td>
676: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
677: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
678: </tr>
679: <tr>
680: <td valign="top">random_beta (return_array,item_cnt,seed,aa,bb)</td>
681: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_beta ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) <br>
682: NOTE: Both $aa and $bb MUST be greater than 1.0E-37.</td>
683: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of beta distribution.
684: The density of beta is:
685: X^($aa-1) *(1-X)^($bb-1) /B($aa,$bb) for 0<X<1.</td>
686: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
687: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
688: </tr>
689: <tr>
690: <td valign="top">random_gamma (return_array,item_cnt,seed,a,r)</td>
691: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_gamma ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) <br>
692: NOTE: Both $a and $r MUST be positive.</td>
693: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of gamma distribution.
694: The density of gamma is:
695: ($a**$r)/gamma($r) * X**($r-1) * exp(-$a*X).</td>
696: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
697: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
698: </tr>
699: <tr>
700: <td valign="top">random_exponential (return_array,item_cnt,seed,av)</td>
701: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_exponential ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) <br>
702: NOTE: $av MUST be non-negative.</td>
703: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of exponential distribution. </td>
704: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
705: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
706: </tr>
707: <tr>
708: <td valign="top">random_poisson (return_array,item_cnt,seed,mu)</td>
709: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_poisson ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) <br>
710: NOTE: $mu MUST be non-negative.</td>
711: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of poisson distribution. </td>
712: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
713: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
714: </tr>
715: <tr>
716: <td valign="top">random_chi (return_array,item_cnt,seed,df)</td>
717: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_chi ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) <br>
718: NOTE: $df MUST be positive.</td>
719: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of chi_square distribution with $df
720: degrees of freedom. </td>
721: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
722: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
723: </tr>
724: <tr>
725: <td valign="top">random_noncentral_chi (return_array,item_cnt,seed,df,nonc)</td>
726: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_noncentral_chi ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) <br>
727: NOTE: $df MUST be at least 1 and $nonc MUST be non-negative.</td>
728: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of noncentral_chi_square
729: distribution with $df
730: degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter $nonc. </td>
731: <td valign="top">In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA
732: the results are set equal to the function.</td>
733: </tr>
734: <tr>
735: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
736: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_f ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) <br>
737: NOTE: Both $dfn and $dfd MUST be positive.</td>
738: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of F (variance ratio) distribution with
739: degrees of freedom $dfn (numerator) and $dfd (denominator). </td>
740: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
741: </tr>
742: <tr>
743: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
744: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_noncentral_f ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) <br>
745: NOTE: $dfn must be at least 1, $dfd MUST be positive, and $nonc must
746: be non-negative.</td>
747: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of noncentral F (variance ratio)
748: distribution with degrees of freedom $dfn (numerator) and $dfd (denominator).
749: $nonc is the noncentrality parameter. </td>
750: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
751: </tr>
752: <tr>
753: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
754: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_multivariate_normal ($item_cnt,$seed,@mean,@covar) <br>
755: NOTE: @mean should be a length p array of real numbers. @covar should be a length
756: p array of references to length p arrays or real numbers (i.e. a p by p matrix.</td>
757: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates of multivariate_normal distribution with
758: mean vector @mean and variance-covariance matrix. </td>
759: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
760: </tr>
761: <tr>
762: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
763: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_multinomial ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) <br>
764: NOTE: $item_cnt is rounded with int() and the result must be non-negative.
765: The number of elements in @p must be at least 2.</td>
766: <td valign="top">Returns single observation from multinomial distribution with
767: $item_cnt events classified into as many categories as the length of @p.
768: The probability of an event being classified into category i is given by
769: ith element of @p. The observation is an array with length equal to @p, so
770: when called in a scalar context it returns the length of @p. The sum of the
771: elements of the obervation is equal to $item_cnt.</td>
772: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
773: </tr>
774: <tr>
775: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
776: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_permutation ($item_cnt,@array) </td>
777: <td valign="top">Returns @array randomly permuted.</td>
778: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
779: </tr>
780: <tr>
781: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
782: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_uniform ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) <br>
783: NOTE: $low must be less than or equal to $high.</td>
784: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates from a uniform distribution. </td>
785: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
786: </tr>
787: <tr>
788: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
789: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_uniform_integer ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) <br>
790: NOTE: $low and $high are both passed through int().
791: $low must be less than or equal to $high.</td>
792: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates from a uniform distribution in integers. </td>
793: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
794: </tr>
795: <tr>
796: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
797: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_binomial ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) <br>
798: NOTE: $nt is rounded using int() and the result must be non-negative.
799: $p must be between 0 and 1 inclusive.</td>
800: <td valign="top">Generate $item_cnt deviates from the binomial distribution with
801: $nt trials and the probabilty of an event in each trial is $p. </td>
802: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
803: </tr>
804: <tr>
805: <td valign="top">NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td>
806: <td valign="top">@return_array=&random_negative_binomial ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) <br>
807: NOTE: $ne is rounded using int() and the result must be positive.
808: $p must be between 0 and 1 exclusive.</td>
809: <td valign="top">Generate an array of $item_cnt outcomes generated from
810: negative binomial distribution with
811: $ne events and the probabilty of an event in each trial is $p. </td>
812: <td valign="top">New to LON-CAPA</td>
1.4 ng 813: </tr>
1.5 ng 814: </table>
815: <!-- insertion ends -->
1.4 ng 816:
1.1 albertel 817: <h2><script> Variables</h2>
818: <ul>
819: <li>
820: $external::target - set to the current target the xml parser
821: is parsing for
822: </li>
823: <li>
824: $external::part - set to the <i>id</i> of the current problem
825: <part>; zero if there are now <part>
826: </li>
827: <li>
828: $external::gradestatus - set to the value of the current
829: resource.partid.solved value
830: </li>
831: <li>
832: $external::datestatus - set to the current status of the clock
833: either CLOSED, CAN_ANSWER, CANNOT_ANSWER, or SHOW_ANSWER
834: </li>
835: <li>
836: $external::randomseed - set to the number that was used to
837: seed the random number generator
838: </li>
839: <li>$pi - set to PI </li>
1.3 ng 840: <li>$rad2deg - converts radians to degrees </li>
841: <li>$deg2rad - converts degrees to radians </li>
1.1 albertel 842: </ul>
843:
844: <hr>
845: <address><a href="mailto:albertel@marvin.lite.msu.edu">Guy Albertelli</a></address>
846: <!-- Created: Thu May 17 15:05:35 EDT 2001 -->
847: <!-- hhmts start -->
1.5 ng 848: Last modified: Tue June 12 15:25 EDT 2001
1.1 albertel 849: <!-- hhmts end -->
850: </body>
851: </html>
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