doc/install/linux/install.pl - diff

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Diff for /doc/install/linux/install.pl between versions 1.45.2.3 and 1.84

-version 1.45.2.3, 2019/07/07 23:37:54
+version 1.84, 2024/04/24 23:17:48
  Line 26
  use strict;
  use File::Copy;
  use Term::ReadKey;
+ use Socket;
+ use Sys::Hostname::FQDN();
  use DBI;
+ use File::Spec;
  use Cwd();
  use File::Basename();
  use lib File::Basename::dirname(Cwd::abs_path($0));
- Line 209  sub get_distro {
+ Line 212  sub get_distro {
              $distro = 'rhes'.$1;
              $updatecmd = 'dnf install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
              $installnow = 'dnf -y install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
-         } elsif ($versionstring =~ /CentOS(?:| Linux) release (\d+)/) {
+         } elsif ($versionstring =~ /CentOS(| Linux| Stream) release (\d+)/) {
-             $distro = 'centos'.$1;
+             $distro = 'centos'.$2;
+             if ($1 eq ' Stream') {
+                 $distro .= '-stream';
+             }
              $updatecmd = 'yum install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
              $installnow = 'yum -y install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
          } elsif ($versionstring =~ /Scientific Linux (?:SL )?release ([\d.]+) /) {
- Line 219  sub get_distro {
+ Line 225  sub get_distro {
              $distro = 'scientific'.$ver;
              $updatecmd = 'yum install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
              $installnow = 'yum -y install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
+         } elsif ($versionstring =~ /Rocky Linux release ([\d.]+)/) {
+             my $ver = $1;
+             $ver =~ s/\.\d+$//;
+             $distro = 'rocky'.$ver;
+             $updatecmd = 'dnf install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
+             $installnow = 'dnf -y install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
+         } elsif ($versionstring =~ /AlmaLinux release ([\d.]+) /) {
+             my $ver = $1;
+             $ver =~ s/\.\d+$//;
+             $distro = 'alma'.$ver;
+             $updatecmd = 'dnf install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
+             $installnow = 'dnf -y install LONCAPA-prerequisites';
          } else {
              print &mt('Unable to interpret [_1] to determine system type.',
                        '/etc/redhat-release')."\n";
- Line 327  sub get_distro {
+ Line 345  sub get_distro {
      return ($distro,$packagecmd,$updatecmd,$installnow);
  }
+ #
+ # get_hostname() prompts the user to provide the server's hostname.
+ #
+ # If invalid input is provided, the routine is called recursively
+ # until, a valid hostname is provided.
+ #
+ sub get_hostname {
+     my $hostname;
+     print &mt('Enter the hostname of this server, e.g., loncapa.somewhere.edu'."\n");
+     my $choice = <STDIN>;
+     chomp($choice);
+     $choice =~ s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+     if ($choice eq '') {
+         print &mt("Hostname you entered was either blank or contanied only white space.\n");
+     } elsif ($choice =~ /^[\w\.\-]+$/) {
+         $hostname = $choice;
+     } else {
+         print &mt("Hostname you entered was invalid --  a hostname may only contain letters, numbers, - and .\n");
+     }
+     while ($hostname eq '') {
+         $hostname = &get_hostname();
+     }
+     print "\n";
+     return $hostname;
+ }
+ #
+ # get_hostip() prompts the user to provide the server's IPv4 IP address
+ #
+ # If invalid input is provided, the routine is called recursively
+ # until, a valid IPv4 address is provided.
+ #
+ sub get_hostip {
+     my $hostip;
+     print &mt('Enter the IP address of this server, e.g., 192.168.10.24'."\n");
+     my $choice = <STDIN>;
+     chomp($choice);
+     $choice =~ s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+     my $badformat = 1;
+     if ($choice eq '') {
+         print &mt("IP address you entered was either blank or contained only white space.\n");
+     } else {
+         if ($choice =~ /^(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})$/) {
+             if (($1<=255) && ($2<=255) && ($3<=255) && ($4<=255)) {
+                 $badformat = 0;
+             }
+         }
+         if ($badformat) {
+              print &mt('Host IP you entered was invalid -- a host IP has the format d.d.d.d where each d is an integer between 0 and 255')."\n";
+         } else {
+             $hostip = $choice;
+         }
+     }
+     while ($hostip eq '') {
+         $hostip = &get_hostip();
+     }
+     print "\n";
+     return $hostip;
+ }
  sub check_prerequisites {
      my ($packagecmd,$distro) = @_;
      my $gotprereqs;
- Line 357  sub check_prerequisites {
+ Line 437  sub check_prerequisites {
  sub check_locale {
      my ($distro) = @_;
-     my ($fh,$langvar,$command);
+     my ($fh,$langvar,$command,$earlyout);
      $langvar = 'LANG';
      if ($distro =~ /^(ubuntu|debian)/) {
          if (!open($fh,"</etc/default/locale")) {
              print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                        '/etc/default/locale');
+             $earlyout = 1;
          }
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)(\d+)/) {
          if (($1 eq 'sles') && ($2 >= 15)) {
              if (!open($fh,"</etc/locale.conf")) {
                  print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                            '/etc/locale.conf');
+                 $earlyout = 1;
              }
          } else {
              if (!open($fh,"</etc/sysconfig/language")) {
                  print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                            '/etc/sysconfig/language');
+                 $earlyout = 1;
              }
              $langvar = 'RC_LANG';
          }
- Line 382  sub check_locale {
+ Line 465  sub check_locale {
              if (!open($fh,"</etc/locale.conf")) {
                  print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                            '/etc/locale.conf');
+                 $earlyout = 1;
              }
          } elsif (!open($fh,"</etc/sysconfig/i18n")) {
              print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                        '/etc/sysconfig/i18n');
+             $earlyout = 1;
          }
-     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:rhes|centos|scientific|oracle)(\d+)/) {
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:rhes|centos|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
          if ($1 >= 7) {
              if (!open($fh,"</etc/locale.conf")) {
                  print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                            '/etc/locale.conf');
+                 $earlyout = 1;
              }
          } elsif (!open($fh,"</etc/sysconfig/i18n")) {
              print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                        '/etc/sysconfig/i18n');
+             $earlyout = 1;
          }
      } else {
          if (!open($fh,"</etc/sysconfig/i18n")) {
              print &mt('Failed to open: [_1], default locale not checked.',
                        '/etc/sysconfig/i18n');
+             $earlyout = 1;
          }
      }
+     return if ($earlyout);
      my @data = <$fh>;
      chomp(@data);
      foreach my $item (@data) {
- Line 420  sub check_locale {
+ Line 509  sub check_locale {
                  } elsif (-e '/usr/bin/system-config-language') {
                      $command = 'system-config-language';
                  } elsif (-e '/usr/bin/localectl') {
-                     $command = 'localectl set-locale en_US.UTF-8';
+                     $command = '/usr/bin/localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8';
                  } else {
                      $command = 'No standard command found';
                  }
- Line 446  sub check_required {
+ Line 535  sub check_required {
      unless ($localecmd eq '') {
          return ($distro,$gotprereqs,$localecmd);
      }
-     my ($mysqlon,$mysqlsetup,$mysqlrestart,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb,%recommended,
+     my ($mysqlon,$mysqlsetup,$mysqlrestart,$dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,$has_lcdb,
-         $downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,$tostop,$uses_systemctl);
+         %recommended,$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,
+         $tostop,$uses_systemctl,$mysql_has_wwwuser,$hostname,$hostip);
      my $wwwuid = &uid_of_www();
      my $wwwgid = getgrnam('www');
      if (($wwwuid eq '') || ($wwwgid eq '')) {
- Line 456  sub check_required {
+ Line 546  sub check_required {
      unless( -e "/usr/local/sbin/pwauth") {
          $recommended{'pwauth'} = 1;
      }
+     $hostname = Sys::Hostname::FQDN::fqdn();
+     if ($hostname eq '') {
+         $hostname =&get_hostname();
+     } else {
+         print &mt("Hostname detected: $hostname. Is that correct? ~[Y/n~]");
+         if (!&get_user_selection(1)) {
+             $hostname =&get_hostname();
+         }
+     }
+     $hostip = Socket::inet_ntoa(scalar(gethostbyname($hostname)) || 'localhost');
+     if ($hostip eq '') {
+         $hostip=&get_hostip();
+     } else {
+         print &mt("Host IP address detected: $hostip. Is that correct? ~[Y/n~]");
+         if (!&get_user_selection(1)) {
+             $hostip=&get_hostip();
+         }
+     }
+     print_and_log("\n".&mt('Hostname is [_1] and IP address is [_2]',$hostname,$hostip)."\n");
      $mysqlon = &check_mysql_running($distro);
      if ($mysqlon) {
-         my $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser();
+         ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser,$mysql_unix_socket) =
-         ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser) =
+             &check_mysql_setup($instdir,$dsn,$distro);
-             &check_mysql_setup($instdir,$dsn,$distro,$mysql_has_wwwuser);
          if ($mysqlsetup eq 'needsrestart') {
              $mysqlrestart = '';
              if ($distro eq 'ubuntu') {
- Line 484  sub check_required {
+ Line 592  sub check_required {
              }
          }
      }
+     my ($sslhostsfilesref,$has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint);
      ($recommended{'firewall'},$apachefw) = &chkfirewall($distro);
      ($recommended{'runlevels'},$tostop,$uses_systemctl) = &chkconfig($distro,$instdir);
      $recommended{'apache'} = &chkapache($distro,$instdir);
+     ($recommended{'apachessl'},$sslhostsfilesref,$has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,
+      $nochgstd,$nochgint) = &chkapachessl($distro,$instdir,$hostname,$hostip);
      $recommended{'stopsrvcs'} = &chksrvcs($distro,$tostop);
      ($recommended{'download'},$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing)
-         = &need_download();
+         = &need_download($distro,$instdir);
      return ($distro,$gotprereqs,$localecmd,$packagecmd,$updatecmd,$installnow,
-             $mysqlrestart,\%recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,
+             $mysqlrestart,\%recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,
-             $filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,$uses_systemctl);
+             $has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,
+             $uses_systemctl,$hostname,$hostip,$sslhostsfilesref,$has_std,$has_int,
+             $rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint);
  }
  sub check_mysql_running {
- Line 518  sub check_mysql_running {
+ Line 631  sub check_mysql_running {
          if ($1 >= 19) {
              $mysqldaemon ='mariadb';
          }
-     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle)(\d+)/) {
+         if ($1 >= 34) {
+             $process = 'mariadb';
+         }
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
          if ($1 >= 7) {
              $mysqldaemon ='mariadb';
              $process = 'mysqld';
              $proc_owner = 'mysql';
              $use_systemctl = 1;
          }
+         if ($1 >= 9) {
+             $process = 'mariadb';
+         }
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^sles(\d+)/) {
          if ($1 >= 12) {
              $use_systemctl = 1;
- Line 645  sub chkconfig {
+ Line 764  sub chkconfig {
          if (($distro =~ /^ubuntu/) && ($version <= 8)) {
              $daemon{'cups'} = 'cupsys';
          }
+         if (($distro =~ /^ubuntu/) && ($version >= 18)) {
+             $daemon{'ntp'}    = 'chrony';
+         }
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^fedora(\d+)/) {
          my $version = $1;
          if ($version >= 15) {
- Line 659  sub chkconfig {
+ Line 781  sub chkconfig {
          if ($version >= 19) {
              $daemon{'mysql'} = 'mariadb';
          }
-     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle)(\d+)/) {
+         if ($version >= 26) {
+             $daemon{'ntp'} = 'chronyd';
+         }
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
          my $version = $1;
          if ($version >= 7) {
              $uses_systemctl{'ntp'} = 1;
- Line 775  sub uses_firewalld {
+ Line 900  sub uses_firewalld {
          if ($1 >= 18) {
              $checkfirewalld = 1;
          }
-     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle)(\d+)/) {
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
          if ($1 >= 7) {
              $checkfirewalld = 1;
          }
      }
      if ($checkfirewalld) {
          my ($loaded,$active);
-         if (open(PIPE,"systemctl status firewalld |")) {
+         if (open(PIPE,"systemctl status firewalld 2>/dev/null |")) {
              while (<PIPE>) {
                  chomp();
                  if (/^\s*Loaded:\s+(\w+)/) {
                      $loaded = $1;
                  }
-                 if (/^\s*Active\s+(\w+)/) {
+                 if (/^\s*Active:\s+(\w+)/) {
                      $active = $1;
                  }
              }
- Line 879  sub chkapache {
+ Line 1004  sub chkapache {
          } else {
              my ($configfile,$sitefile);
              if (($distname eq 'ubuntu') && ($version > 12)) {
-                 $sitefile = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/loncapa';
+                 $sitefile = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/loncapa.conf';
-                 $configfile = "/etc/apache2/conf-available/loncapa";
+                 $configfile = '/etc/apache2/conf-available/loncapa.conf';
              } else {
-                 $configfile = "/etc/apache2/sites-available/loncapa";
+                 $configfile = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/loncapa';
              }
              if (($configfile ne '') && (-e $configfile) && (-e $stdconf))  {
                  if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $stdconf $configfile |")) {
- Line 914  sub chkapache {
+ Line 1039  sub chkapache {
                  }
              }
          }
+         if ((!$fixapache) && ($distname eq 'ubuntu')) {
+             my $sitestatus = "/etc/apache2/mods-available/status.conf";
+             my $stdstatus = "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/status.conf";
+             if ((-e $stdstatus) && (-e $sitestatus)) {
+                 if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $stdstatus $sitestatus |")) {
+                     my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                     close(PIPE);
+                     chomp($diffres);
+                     if ($diffres) {
+                         $fixapache = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)([\d\.]+)$/) {
          my ($name,$version) = ($1,$2);
          my $apache = 'apache';
- Line 953  sub chkapache {
+ Line 1092  sub chkapache {
          }
      } else {
          my $configfile = 'httpd.conf';
-         if ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle)(\d+)$/) {
+         my $mpmfile = 'mpm.conf';
+         if ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
              if ($1 >= 7) {
                  $configfile = 'apache2.4/httpd.conf';
              } elsif ($1 > 5) {
- Line 961  sub chkapache {
+ Line 1101  sub chkapache {
              }
          } elsif ($distro =~ /^fedora(\d+)$/) {
              if ($1 > 17) {
                  $configfile = 'apache2.4/httpd.conf';
              } elsif ($1 > 10) {
                  $configfile = 'new/httpd.conf';
              }
- Line 979  sub chkapache {
+ Line 1119  sub chkapache {
                  }
              }
          }
+         if (-e "/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf") {
+             if (!-e "$instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile") {
+                 print &mt('Warning: No LON-CAPA Apache MPM configuration file found for installation check.')."\n";
+             } elsif ((-e "/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf") && (-e "$instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile")) {
+                 if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf |")) {
+                     my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                     close(PIPE);
+                     chomp($diffres);
+                     if ($diffres) {
+                         $fixapache = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
      }
      return $fixapache;
  }
+ #
+ # chkapachessl() determines whether a server's Apache SSL configuration
+ # needs updating to support LON-CAPA.
+ #
+ # LON-CAPA uses VirtualHosts for port 443, and requires that they are
+ # defined in one Apache configuration file containing two VirtualHost
+ # blocks, in order:
+ #
+ # (1) a block with no ServerName, or with ServerName set to the
+ #     server's hostname. This block should contain:
+ #
+ # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+ # LON-CAPA rewrite rules defined in sslrewrite.conf
+ # </IfModule>
+ #
+ # (2) a block with ServerName set to internal-$hostname
+ #     (where $hostname is server's hostname).
+ #    This block should contain the config and rewrite rules
+ #    found in loncapassl.conf.
+ #
+ # chkapachessl() retrieves the names of .conf files in
+ # the directory appropriate for the particular Linux distro,
+ # and then checks to see which .conf file is the best candidate as
+ # the single file containing VirtualHosts definitions and
+ # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> </IfModule> rewrite blocks.
+ #
+ # The best candidate is the one containing a block:
+ # <VirtualHost ????? :443>
+ # (where ????? might be _default_ or * or an IP address)
+ # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+ # </IfModule>
+ # </VirtualHost>
+ # with the fewest differences between the contents of the
+ # IfModule block and the expected contents (from sslrewrite.conf)
+ #
+ # If there are no files with rewrite blocks, then a candidate file
+ # is chosen from the .conf files containing VirtualHosts definitions.
+ #
+ # If the user includes "Configure SSL for Apache web server" as
+ # one of the actions to take to prepare the server for LON-CAPA
+ # installation, then the output from &chkapachessl() will be
+ # used to determined which file will contain VirtualHost configs.
+ #
+ # If there are no files containing VirtualHosts definitions, then
+ # <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> blocks will be appended to
+ # the standard Apache SSL config for the particular distro:
+ # ssl.conf for RHEL/CentOS/Scientific/Fedora, vhost-ssl.conf
+ # for SuSE/SLES, and default-ssl.conf for Ubuntu.
+ #
+ # Once a file is selected, the contents of sslrewrite.conf and
+ # loncapassl.conf are compared with appropriate blocks in the file
+ # and the user will be prompted to agree to insertion of missing
+ # lines and/or deletion of surplus lines.
+ #
+ sub chkapachessl {
+     my ($distro,$instdir,$hostname,$hostip) = @_;
+     my $fixapachessl = 1;
+     my $sslintconf = "$instdir/loncapassl.conf";
+     my $sslrewriteconf = "$instdir/sslrewrite.conf";
+     my (%sslfiles,%rewrites,%vhostonly,$has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgint,$nochgstd);
+     $nochgstd = 0;
+     $nochgint = 0;
+     if (!-e $sslintconf) {
+         $fixapachessl = 0;
+         print &mt('Warning: LON-CAPA SSL Apache configuration file [_1] needed for installation check.',$sslintconf)."\n";
+     } elsif (!-e $sslrewriteconf) {
+         $fixapachessl = 0;
+         print &mt('Warning: LON-CAPA SSL Apache configuration file [_1] needed for installation check is missing.',$sslrewriteconf)."\n";
+     } else {
+         my $ssldir;
+         if ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)(\d+)$/) {
+             $ssldir = '/etc/apache2/sites-available';
+         } elsif ($distro =~ /(suse|sles)/) {
+             $ssldir = '/etc/apache2/vhosts.d';
+         } else {
+             $ssldir = '/etc/httpd/conf.d';
+         }
+         my @rewritessl = ();
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',$sslrewriteconf)) {
+             my $skipnext = 0;
+             while (<$fh>) {
+                 chomp();
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 next if ($_ eq '');
+                 next if ($_ eq '<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>');
+                 next if ($_ eq '</IfModule>');
+                 if ($_ eq 'RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} {[[[[HostIP]]]]}') {
+                     if (($hostip ne '') && ($hostip ne '127.0.0.1')) {
+                         push(@rewritessl,'RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} '.$hostip);
+                         next;
+                     } else {
+                         $skipnext = 1;
+                     }
+                 } elsif (($_ eq 'RewriteRule (.*) - [L]') && ($skipnext)) {
+                     $skipnext = 0;
+                     next;
+                 }
+                 push(@rewritessl,$_);
+             }
+         }
+         my @intssl = ();
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',$sslintconf)) {
+             while(<$fh>) {
+                 chomp();
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 next if ($_ eq '');
+                 if ($_ eq 'ServerName internal-{[[[[Hostname]]]]}') {
+                     if ($hostname ne '') {
+                         push(@intssl,'ServerName internal-'.$hostname);
+                         next;
+                     }
+                 }
+                 next if ($_ eq '<VirtualHost *:443>');
+                 next if ($_ eq '</VirtualHost>');
+                 push(@intssl,$_);
+             }
+         }
+         if (-d $ssldir) {
+             my @actualint = ();
+             if (opendir(my $dir,$ssldir)) {
+                 my @sslconf_files;
+                 foreach my $file (grep(!/^\.+/,readdir($dir))) {
+                     next if (($distro =~ /(suse|sles)/) && ($file =~ /\.template$/));
+                     next if ($file =~ /\.rpmnew$/);
+                     if (open(my $fh,'<',"$ssldir/$file")) {
+                         while (<$fh>) {
+                             if (/^\s*<VirtualHost\s+[^:]*\:443>\s*$/) {
+                                 push(@sslconf_files,$file);
+                                 last;
+                             }
+                         }
+                         close($fh);
+                     }
+                 }
+                 closedir($dir);
+                 if (@sslconf_files) {
+                     foreach my $file (@sslconf_files) {
+                         if (open(my $fh,'<',"$ssldir/$file")) {
+                             my ($virtualhost,$rewrite,$num) = (0,0,0);
+                             my ($currname,$has_rewrite);
+                             while (<$fh>) {
+                                 chomp();
+                                 next if (/^\s*$/);
+                                 if ($virtualhost) {
+                                     if (/^\s*<\/VirtualHost>/) {
+                                         if ($currname !~ /^\Qinternal-$hostname\E/) {
+                                             if ($has_rewrite) {
+                                                 delete($vhostonly{$file});
+                                             } else {
+                                                 $vhostonly{$file} = 1;
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                         $sslfiles{$currname}{$file} = 1;
+                                         $virtualhost = 0;
+                                         $currname = '';
+                                         $has_rewrite = '';
+                                         next;
+                                     } elsif (/^\s*ServerName\s+([^\s]+)\s*$/) {
+                                         $currname = $1;
+                                     }
+                                     if ($currname =~ /^\Qinternal-$hostname\E/) {
+                                         s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                                         push(@actualint,$_);
+                                         $has_int = $file;
+                                     } else {
+                                         if ($rewrite) {
+                                             if (/^\s*<\/IfModule>/) {
+                                                 $rewrite = 0;
+                                                 $num ++;
+                                             } else {
+                                                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                                                 push(@{$rewrites{$file}[$num]},$_);
+                                             }
+                                         } elsif (/^\s*<IfModule\s+mod_rewrite\.c>/) {
+                                             $rewrite = 1;
+                                             $has_rewrite = 1;
+                                             if ($currname eq '') {
+                                                 $currname = $hostname;
+                                             }
+                                             $rewrites{$file}[$num] = [];
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                 } elsif (/^\s*<VirtualHost\s+[^:]*\:443>\s*$/) {
+                                     $virtualhost = 1;
+                                 }
+                             }
+                             close($fh);
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+                 if (keys(%rewrites)) {
+                     my $mindiffsall;
+                     foreach my $file (sort(keys(%rewrites))) {
+                         if (ref($rewrites{$file}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                             my $mindiffs;
+                             for (my $i=0; $i<@{$rewrites{$file}}; $i++) {
+                                 if (ref($rewrites{$file}[$i]) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                                     my @diffs = &compare_arrays($rewrites{$file}[$i],\@rewritessl);
+                                     if (@diffs == 0) {
+                                         $fixapachessl = 0;
+                                         $mindiffs = 0;
+                                         $rewritenum = 1+$i;
+                                         last;
+                                     } else {
+                                         if ($mindiffs eq '') {
+                                             $mindiffs = scalar(@diffs);
+                                             $rewritenum = 1+$i;
+                                         } elsif (scalar(@diffs) <= $mindiffs) {
+                                             $mindiffs = scalar(@diffs);
+                                             $rewritenum = 1+$i;
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                             }
+                             if ($mindiffsall eq '') {
+                                 $mindiffsall = $mindiffs;
+                                 $has_std = $file;
+                             } elsif ($mindiffs <= $mindiffsall) {
+                                 $mindiffsall = $mindiffs;
+                                 $has_std = $file;
+                             }
+                             if ($mindiffsall == 0) {
+                                 $nochgstd = 1;
+                             }
+                         }
+                     }
+                 } elsif (keys(%vhostonly) > 0) {
+                     if (($has_int ne '') && (exists($vhostonly{$has_int}))) {
+                         $has_std = $has_int;
+                     }
+                 }
+                 if (@actualint) {
+                     my @diffs = &compare_arrays(\@actualint,\@intssl);
+                     if (@diffs) {
+                         $fixapachessl = 1;
+                     } else {
+                         $nochgint = 1;
+                     }
+                 } else {
+                     $fixapachessl = 1;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         unless ($fixapachessl) {
+             if ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)(\d+)$/) {
+                 my $enabled_dir = '/etc/apache2/sites-enabled';
+                 if (keys(%sslfiles)) {
+                     foreach my $key (sort(keys(%sslfiles))) {
+                         if (ref($sslfiles{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
+                             foreach my $file (sort(keys(%{$sslfiles{$key}}))) {
+                                 unless ((-l "$enabled_dir/$file") &&
+                                         (readlink("$enabled_dir/$file") eq "$ssldir/$file")) {
+                                     print_and_log(&mt("Warning, use: 'sudo a2ensite $file' to activate LON-CAPA SSL Apache config\n"));
+                                 }
+                             }
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     return ($fixapachessl,\%sslfiles,$has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint);
+ }
+ #
+ # compare_arrays() expects two refs to arrays as args.
+ #
+ # The contents of the two arrays are compared, and if they
+ # are different, and array of the differences is returned.
+ #
+ sub compare_arrays {
+     my ($arrayref1,$arrayref2) = @_;
+     my (@difference,%count);
+     @difference = ();
+     %count = ();
+     if ((ref($arrayref1) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($arrayref2) eq 'ARRAY')) {
+         foreach my $element (@{$arrayref1}, @{$arrayref2}) { $count{$element}++; }
+         foreach my $element (keys(%count)) {
+             if ($count{$element} == 1) {
+                 push(@difference,$element);
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     return @difference;
+ }
  sub chksrvcs {
      my ($distro,$tostop) = @_;
      my %stopsrvcs;
- Line 1019  sub chksrvcs {
+ Line 1461  sub chksrvcs {
  }
  sub need_download {
+     my ($distro,$instdir) = @_;
      my $needs_download = 1;
      my ($production,$testing,$stdsizes) = &download_versionslist();
-     my ($rootdir,$localcurrent,$localtesting,%tarball,%localsize,%bymodtime,
+     my ($localcurrent,$localtesting,%tarball,%localsize,%bymodtime,
          %bysize,$filetouse,$downloadstatus);
-     $rootdir = '/root';
+     if (opendir(my $dir,$instdir)) {
-     if (opendir(my $dir,"$rootdir")) {
          my (@lcdownloads,$version);
          foreach my $file (readdir($dir)) {
              if ($file =~ /^loncapa\-([\w\-.]+)\.tar\.gz$/) {
- Line 1034  sub need_download {
+ Line 1476  sub need_download {
              }
              if (ref($stdsizes) eq 'HASH') {
                  if ($version eq 'current') {
-                     my @stats = stat("$rootdir/$file");
+                     my @stats = stat("$instdir/$file");
                      $localcurrent = $stats[7];
                      if ($localcurrent == $stdsizes->{$production}) {
                          $needs_download = 0;
                          $filetouse = $file;
                      }
                  } elsif ($version eq 'testing') {
-                     my @stats = stat("$rootdir/$file");
+                     my @stats = stat("$instdir/$file");
                      $localtesting = $stats[7];
                      if ($localtesting == $stdsizes->{$testing}) {
                          $needs_download = 0;
- Line 1055  sub need_download {
+ Line 1497  sub need_download {
          if ($needs_download) {
              if (@lcdownloads > 0) {
                  foreach my $version (@lcdownloads) {
-                     my @stats = stat("$rootdir/$tarball{$version}");
+                     my @stats = stat("$instdir/$tarball{$version}");
                      my $mtime = $stats[9];
                      $localsize{$version} = $stats[7];
                      if ($mtime) {
- Line 1088  sub need_download {
+ Line 1530  sub need_download {
                      my $newest = $sorted[0];
                      if (ref($bymodtime{$newest}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                          $downloadstatus =
-                               "Latest LON-CAPA source download in $rootdir is: ".
+                               "Latest LON-CAPA source download in $instdir is: ".
                                join(',',@{$bymodtime{$newest}})." (downloaded ".
                                localtime($newest).")\n";
                      }
                  } else {
                      $downloadstatus =
-                         "The $rootdir directory already contains the latest LON-CAPA version:".
+                         "The $instdir directory already contains the latest LON-CAPA version:".
                          "\n".$filetouse."\n"."which can be used for installation.\n";
                  }
              } else {
-                 $downloadstatus = "The $rootdir directory does not appear to contain any downloaded LON-CAPA source code files which can be used for installation.\n";
+                 $downloadstatus = "The $instdir directory does not appear to contain any downloaded LON-CAPA source code files which can be used for installation.\n";
              }
          }
      } else {
-         $downloadstatus = "Could not open $rootdir directory to look for existing downloads of LON-CAPA source code.\n";
+         $downloadstatus = "Could not open $instdir directory to look for existing downloads of LON-CAPA source code.\n";
      }
      return ($needs_download,$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing);
  }
  sub check_mysql_setup {
-     my ($instdir,$dsn,$distro,$mysql_has_wwwuser) = @_;
+     my ($instdir,$dsn,$distro) = @_;
-     my ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass);
+     my ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,$mysql_has_wwwuser);
      my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn,'root','',{'PrintError'=>0});
+     my ($mysqlversion,$mysqlsubver,$mysqlname) = &get_mysql_version();
+     if (($mysqlname =~ /^MariaDB/i) && ($mysqlversion >= 10.4)) {
+         if ($dbh) {
+             my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT Priv FROM mysql.global_priv WHERE (User = 'root' AND Host ='localhost')");
+             $sth->execute();
+             while (my $priv = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
+                 if ($priv =~ /unix_socket/) {
+                     $mysql_unix_socket = 1;
+                     last;
+                 }
+             }
+             $sth->finish();
+             if ($mysql_unix_socket) {
+                 print_and_log(&mt('MariaDB using unix_socket for root access from localhost.')."\n");
+                 $mysqlsetup = 'rootok';
+                 $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser($dbh);
+                 return ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser,$mysql_unix_socket);
+             }
+         }
+     }
      if ($dbh) {
          $mysqlsetup = 'noroot';
+         if (($mysqlname !~ /^MariaDB/i) && ($mysqlversion >= 5.7)) {
+             my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT plugin from mysql.user where User='root'");
+             $sth->execute();
+             while (my $priv = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
+                 if ($priv =~ /auth_socket/) {
+                     $mysql_unix_socket = 1;
+                     last;
+                 }
+             }
+             $sth->finish();
+             if ($mysql_unix_socket) {
+                 print_and_log(&mt('MySQL using unix_socket for root access from localhost.')."\n");
+                 $mysqlsetup = 'rootok';
+                 $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser($dbh);
+                 return ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser,$mysql_unix_socket);
+             }
+         }
      } elsif ($DBI::err =~ /1045/) {
          $has_pass = 1;
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^ubuntu(\d+)$/) {
- Line 1125  sub check_mysql_setup {
+ Line 1604  sub check_mysql_setup {
                  }
                  close(PIPE);
              }
-             unless ($mysql_has_wwwuser) {
-                 $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser();
-             }
              $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn,'root','',{'PrintError'=>0});
              if ($dbh) {
                  $mysqlsetup = 'noroot';
+                 $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser($dbh);
              } elsif ($DBI::err =~ /1045/) {
                  $has_pass = 1;
              } else {
                  $mysqlsetup = 'needsrestart';
+                 $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser();
                  return ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser);
              }
          }
- Line 1146  sub check_mysql_setup {
+ Line 1624  sub check_mysql_setup {
          if ($dbh) {
              $mysqlsetup = 'rootok';
              print_and_log(&mt('Password accepted.')."\n");
+             $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser($dbh);
          } else {
              $mysqlsetup = 'rootfail';
              print_and_log(&mt('Problem accessing MySQL.')."\n");
- Line 1157  sub check_mysql_setup {
+ Line 1636  sub check_mysql_setup {
                  if ($dbh) {
                      $mysqlsetup = 'rootok';
                      print_and_log(&mt('Password accepted.')."\n");
+                     $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser($dbh);
                  } else {
                      if ($DBI::err =~ /1045/) {
                          print_and_log(&mt('Incorrect password.')."\n");
                      }
+                     $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser();
                  }
              }
          }
      } elsif ($mysqlsetup ne 'noroot') {
          print_and_log(&mt('Problem accessing MySQL.')."\n");
          $mysqlsetup = 'rootfail';
+         $mysql_has_wwwuser = &check_mysql_wwwuser();
      }
      return ($mysqlsetup,$has_pass,$dbh,$mysql_has_wwwuser);
  }
  sub check_mysql_wwwuser {
+     my ($dbh) = @_;
      my $mysql_wwwuser;
-     my $dbhn = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=information_schema",'www','localhostkey',
+     if ($dbh) {
-                             {PrintError => +0}) || return;
+         $mysql_wwwuser = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT COUNT(User) FROM mysql.user WHERE (User = 'www' AND Host ='localhost')");
-     if ($dbhn) {
+     } else {
-         $mysql_wwwuser = 1;
+         my $dbhn = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=information_schema",'www','localhostkey',
-         $dbhn->disconnect;
+                                 {PrintError => +0}) || return;
+         if ($dbhn) {
+             $mysql_wwwuser = 1;
+             $dbhn->disconnect;
+         }
      }
      return $mysql_wwwuser;
  }
- Line 1213  sub get_pathto_iptables {
+ Line 1700  sub get_pathto_iptables {
  sub firewall_is_active {
      if (-e '/proc/net/ip_tables_names') {
+         my $status;
          if (open(PIPE,'cat /proc/net/ip_tables_names |grep filter |')) {
-             my $status = <PIPE>;
+             $status = <PIPE>;
              close(PIPE);
              chomp($status);
              if ($status eq 'filter') {
                  return 1;
              }
          }
+         unless ($status) {
+             if (open(PIPE,'nft list tables |')) {
+                 while(<PIPE>) {
+                     chomp();
+                     if (/filter$/) {
+                         $status = 1;
+                         last;
+                     }
+                 }
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 if ($status) {
+                     return 1;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
      }
      return 0;
  }
- Line 1382  print "
+ Line 1885  print "
  ".&mt('3.')." ".&mt('Set-up the MySQL database.')."
  ".&mt('4.')." ".&mt('Set-up MySQL permissions.')."
  ".&mt('5.')." ".&mt('Configure Apache web server.')."
- ".&mt('6.')." ".&mt('Configure start-up of services.')."
+ ".&mt('6.')." ".&mt('Configure SSL for Apache web server.')."
- ".&mt('7.')." ".&mt('Check firewall settings.')."
+ ".&mt('7.')." ".&mt('Configure start-up of services.')."
- ".&mt('8.')." ".&mt('Stop services not used by LON-CAPA,')."
+ ".&mt('8.')." ".&mt('Check firewall settings.')."
+ ".&mt('9.')." ".&mt('Stop services not used by LON-CAPA,')."
     ".&mt('i.e., services for a print server: [_1] daemon.',"'cups'")."
- ".&mt('9.')." ".&mt('Download LON-CAPA source code in readiness for installation.')."
+ ".&mt('10.')." ".&mt('Download LON-CAPA source code in readiness for installation.')."
  ".&mt('Typically, you will run this script only once, when you first install LON-CAPA.')."
- Line 1416  chomp($instdir);
+ Line 1920  chomp($instdir);
  my %callsub;
  my @actions = ('wwwuser','pwauth','mysql','mysqlperms','apache',
-                'runlevels','firewall','stopsrvcs','download');
+                'apachessl','runlevels','firewall','stopsrvcs','download');
  my %prompts = &texthash(
      wwwuser    => "Create the 'www' user?",
      pwauth     => 'Install the package LON-CAPA uses to authenticate users?',
      mysql      => 'Set-up the MySQL database?',
      mysqlperms => 'Set-up MySQL permissions?',
      apache     => 'Configure Apache web server?',
+     apachessl  => 'Configure SSL for Apache web server?',
      runlevels  => 'Set overrides for start-up order of services?',
      firewall   => 'Configure firewall settings for Apache',
      stopsrvcs  => 'Stop extra services not required on a LON-CAPA server?',
      download   => 'Download LON-CAPA source code in readiness for installation?',
  );
- print "\n".&mt('Checking system status ...')."\n";
+ print "\n".&mt('Checking system status ...')."\n\n";
  my $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=mysql";
  my ($distro,$gotprereqs,$localecmd,$packagecmd,$updatecmd,$installnow,$mysqlrestart,
-     $recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,
+     $recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,$has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,
-     $testing,$apachefw,$uses_systemctl) = &check_required($instdir,$dsn);
+     $filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,$uses_systemctl,$hostname,$hostip,
+     $sslhostsfiles,$has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint) =
+     &check_required($instdir,$dsn);
  if ($distro eq '') {
      print "\n".&mt('Linux distribution could not be verified as a supported distribution.')."\n".
            &mt('The following are supported: [_1].',
- Line 1462  if (!$gotprereqs) {
+ Line 1969  if (!$gotprereqs) {
            &mt('The following command can be used to install the package (and dependencies):')."\n\n".
            $updatecmd."\n\n";
      if ($installnow eq '') {
-         print &mt('Stopping execution.')."\n";
          exit;
      } else {
          print &mt('Run command? ~[Y/n~]');
- Line 1477  if (!$gotprereqs) {
+ Line 1983  if (!$gotprereqs) {
                      exit;
                  } else {
                      ($distro,$gotprereqs,$localecmd,$packagecmd,$updatecmd,$installnow,
-                      $mysqlrestart,$recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,
+                      $mysqlrestart,$recommended,$dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,
-                      $filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,$uses_systemctl) =
+                      $has_lcdb,$downloadstatus,$filetouse,$production,$testing,$apachefw,
-                      &check_required($instdir,$dsn);
+                      $uses_systemctl,$hostname,$hostip,$sslhostsfiles,$has_std,$has_int,
+                      $rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint) = &check_required($instdir,$dsn);
                  }
              } else {
                  print &mt('Failed to run command to install LONCAPA-prerequisites')."\n";
- Line 1533  my $lctarball = 'loncapa-current.tar.gz'
+ Line 2040  my $lctarball = 'loncapa-current.tar.gz'
  my $sourcetarball = $lctarball;
  if ($callsub{'download'}) {
      my ($production,$testing,$sizes) = &download_versionslist();
+     my $homedir = '/root';
+     if ($distro =~ /^ubuntu/) {
+         if ($instdir ne $homedir) {
+             ($homedir) = ($instdir =~ m{^(.*)/[^/]+$});
+         }
+     }
      if ($production && $testing) {
          if ($production ne $testing) {
              print &mt('Two recent LON-CAPA releases are available: ')."\n".
                    &mt('1.').' '.&mt('A production release - version: [_1].',$production)."\n".
                    &mt('2.').' '.&mt('A testing release - version: [_1].',$testing)."\n\n".
-                   &mt('Download the production release? ~[Y/n~]');
+                   &mt("After download, the tar.gz file will be extracted into $homedir")."\n\n".
+                   &mt("Download the production release into $instdir? ~[Y/n~]");
              if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
                  $sourcetarball = 'loncapa-'.$production.'.tar.gz';
+                 print "$sourcetarball will be downloaded into $instdir\n";
              } else {
                  print "\n".&mt('Download the testing release? ~[Y/n~]');
                  if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
                      $sourcetarball = 'loncapa-'.$testing.'.tar.gz';
+                     print "$sourcetarball will be downloaded into $instdir\n";
+                 } else {
+                     $callsub{'download'} = 0;
                  }
              }
          }
      } elsif ($production) {
          print &mt('The most recent LON-CAPA release is version: [_1].',$production)."\n".
-               &mt('Download the production release? ~[Y/n~]');
+               &mt("After download, the tar.gz file will be extracted into $homedir")."\n\n".
+               &mt("Download the production release into $instdir? ~[Y/n~]");
          if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
              $sourcetarball = 'loncapa-'.$production.'.tar.gz';
+             print "$sourcetarball will be downloaded into $instdir\n";
+         } else {
+             $callsub{'download'} = 0;
          }
      }
  } elsif ($filetouse ne '') {
- Line 1576  if ($callsub{'pwauth'}) {
+ Line 2098  if ($callsub{'pwauth'}) {
  if ($callsub{'mysql'}) {
      if ($dbh) {
-         &setup_mysql($callsub{'mysqlperms'},$distro,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb);
+         &setup_mysql($callsub{'mysqlperms'},$dbh,$has_pass,
+                      $mysql_unix_socket,$has_lcdb,$distro);
      } else {
          print &mt('Unable to configure MySQL because access is denied.')."\n";
      }
- Line 1584  if ($callsub{'mysql'}) {
+ Line 2107  if ($callsub{'mysql'}) {
      &print_and_log(&mt('Skipping configuration of MySQL.')."\n");
      if ($callsub{'mysqlperms'}) {
          if ($dbh) {
-             &setup_mysql_permissions($dbh,$has_pass);
+             &setup_mysql_permissions($dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket);
          } else {
              print &mt('Unable to configure MySQL because access is denied.')."\n";
          }
- Line 1602  if ($dbh) {
+ Line 2125  if ($dbh) {
  if ($callsub{'apache'}) {
      if ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)/) {
-         &copy_apache2_suseconf($instdir,$distro);
+         &copy_apache2_suseconf($instdir,$hostname,$distro);
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)/) {
-         &copy_apache2_debconf($instdir,$distro);
+         &copy_apache2_debconf($instdir,$distro,$hostname);
      } else {
-         &copy_httpd_conf($instdir,$distro);
+         &copy_httpd_conf($instdir,$distro,$hostname);
+         &copy_mpm_conf($instdir,$distro);
      }
  } else {
      print_and_log(&mt('Skipping configuration of Apache web server.')."\n");
  }
+ if ($callsub{'apachessl'}) {
+     my $targetdir = '/etc/httpd/conf.d';
+     if ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)/) {
+         $targetdir = '/etc/apache2/vhosts.d';
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)/) {
+         $targetdir = '/etc/apache2/sites-available';
+     }
+     my ($new_rewrite,$new_int) =
+         &copy_apache_sslconf_files($distro,$hostname,$hostip,$instdir,$targetdir,$sslhostsfiles,
+                                    $has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint);
+     if ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)/) {
+         my $apache2_sites_enabled_dir = '/etc/apache2/sites-enabled';
+         if (-d $apache2_sites_enabled_dir) {
+             if ($has_std ne '') {
+                 unless ((-l "$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_std") && (readlink(("$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_std") eq "$targetdir/$has_std"))) {
+                     my $made_symlink =  eval { symlink("$targetdir/$has_std","$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_std"); 1};
+                     if ($made_symlink) {
+                         print_and_log(&mt('Enabling "[_1]" Apache SSL configuration.',$has_std)."\n");
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+             if (($has_int ne '') && ($has_int ne $has_std)) {
+                 unless ((-l "$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_int") && (readlink("$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_int") eq "$targetdir/$has_int")) {
+                     my $made_symlink =  eval { symlink("$targetdir/$has_int","$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/$has_int"); 1 };
+                     if ($made_symlink) {
+                         print_and_log(&mt('Enabling "[_1]" Apache SSL configuration.',$has_int)."\n");
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     print_and_log("\n");
+ } else {
+     print_and_log(&mt('Skipping configuration of SSL for Apache web server.')."\n");
+ }
  if ($callsub{'runlevels'}) {
      my $count = 0;
      if (ref($recommended) eq 'HASH') {
- Line 1662  if ($callsub{'firewall'}) {
+ Line 2222  if ($callsub{'firewall'}) {
          if (keys(%added) > 0) {
              print &mt('Firewall configured to allow access for: [_1].',
                        join(', ',sort(keys(%added))))."\n";
+             system('firewall-cmd --reload');
          }
          if ($current{'http'} || $current{'https'}) {
              print &mt('Firewall already configured to allow access for:[_1].',
                        (($current{'http'})? ' http':'').(($current{'https'})? ' https':''))."\n";
          }
          unless ($current{'ssh'}) {
-             print &mt('If you would the like to allow access to ssh from outside, use the command[_1].',
+             print &mt('If you would like to allow access to ssh from outside, use the commands:')."\n".
-                   "firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=$zone --add-service=ssh")."\n";
+                   "firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=$zone --add-service=ssh\n".
+                   "firewall-cmd --reload\n";
          }
      } elsif ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)/) {
          print &mt('Use [_1] to configure the firewall to allow access for [_2].',
- Line 1697  if ($callsub{'firewall'}) {
+ Line 2259  if ($callsub{'firewall'}) {
                    'ssh, http')."\n";
      } else {
          my $version;
-         if ($distro =~ /^(redhat|centos)(\d+)$/) {
+         if ($distro =~ /^(redhat|centos)(\d+)/) {
              $version = $1;
          }
          if ($version > 5) {
- Line 1728  if ($callsub{'download'}) {
+ Line 2290  if ($callsub{'download'}) {
      print &mt('LON-CAPA is available for download from: [_1]',
                'http://install.loncapa.org/')."\n";
      if (!-e '/etc/loncapa-release') {
-         &print_and_log(&mt('LON-CAPA is not yet installed on your system.').
+         &print_and_log(&mt('LON-CAPA is not yet installed on your system.')."\n\n";
-                        "\n\n".
+         unless ($filetouse) {
-                        &mt('You may retrieve the source for LON-CAPA by executing:')."\n".
+             &print_and_log(&mt('You may retrieve the source for LON-CAPA by executing:')."\n".
-                        "wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/$lctarball\n");
+                            "wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/$lctarball\n");
+         }
      } else {
          my $currentversion;
          if (open(my $fh,"</etc/loncapa-release")) {
- Line 1758  if ($callsub{'download'}) {
+ Line 2321  if ($callsub{'download'}) {
  }
  print "\n".&mt('Requested configuration complete.')."\n\n";
- my $apachename;
  if ($have_tarball && !$updateshown) {
      my ($lcdir) = ($sourcetarball =~ /^([\w.\-]+)\.tar.gz$/);
-     if (!-e '/etc/loncapa-release') {
+     if ($lcdir eq 'loncapa-current') {
-         print &mt('If you are now ready to install LON-CAPA, enter the following commands:')."\n\n";
+         $lcdir = "loncapa-X.Y.Z (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.11.3')";
-     } else {
+     }
-         print &mt('If you are now ready to update LON-CAPA, enter the following commands:')."\n\n".
+     my ($apachename,$lc_uses_systemctl,$uses_sudo);
-                   "/etc/init.d/loncontrol stop\n";
+     if ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles|debian|ubuntu)([\d.]+)/) {
-         if ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles|debian|ubuntu)([\d.]+)/) {
+         if (($1 eq 'suse') && ($2 < 10)) {
-             if (($1 eq 'suse') && ($2 < 10)) {
+             $apachename = 'apache';
-                 $apachename = 'apache';
-             } else {
-                 $apachename = 'apache2';
-             }
          } else {
-             $apachename = 'httpd';
+             $apachename = 'apache2';
          }
-         print "/etc/init.d/$apachename stop\n";
+     } else {
+         $apachename = 'httpd';
      }
-     print "cd /root\n".
+     if ($distro =~ /^oracle(\d+)$/) {
-           "tar zxf $sourcetarball\n".
+         if ($1 > 6) {
-           "cd $lcdir\n".
+             $lc_uses_systemctl = 1;
-           "./UPDATE\n";
+         }
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:rhes|centos|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
+         if ($1 > 7) {
+             $lc_uses_systemctl = 1;
+         }
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^ubuntu(\d+)$/) {
+         if ($1 > 16) {
+             $lc_uses_systemctl = 1;
+         }
+         $uses_sudo = 1;
+     } elsif ($distro =~ /^sles(\d+)$/) {
+         if ($1 > 12) {
+             $lc_uses_systemctl = 1;
+         }
+     }
+     if (!-e '/etc/loncapa-release') {
+         print &mt('If you are now ready to install LON-CAPA, enter the following commands:')."\n\n";
+     } else {
+         my $lcstop = '/etc/init.d/loncontrol stop';
+         if ($lc_uses_systemctl) {
+             $lcstop = 'systemctl stop loncontrol';
+         }
+         my $apachestop = "/etc/init.d/$apachename stop";
+         if ($uses_systemctl) {
+             $apachestop = "systemctl stop $apachename";
+         }
+         if ($uses_sudo) {
+             $lcstop = 'sudo '.$lcstop;
+             $apachestop = 'sudo '.$apachestop;
+         }
+         print &mt('If you are now ready to update LON-CAPA, enter the following commands:').
+               "\n\n$lcstop\n$apachestop\n";
+     }
+     my ($extract,$update);
+     my $homedir = '/root';
+     if ($uses_sudo) {
+         $extract = 'sudo ';
+         $update = 'sudo ';
+         if ($instdir ne $homedir) {
+             ($homedir) = ($instdir =~ m{^(.*)/[^/]+$});
+         }
+     }
+     $extract .= "tar zxf $sourcetarball --directory $homedir";
+     $update .= './UPDATE';
+     print "$extract\n".
+           "cd $homedir/$lcdir\n".
+           "$update\n";
      if (-e '/etc/loncapa-release') {
-         print "/etc/init.d/loncontrol start\n";
+         my $lcstart = '/etc/init.d/loncontrol start';
-         print "/etc/init.d/$apachename start\n";
+         if ($lc_uses_systemctl) {
+             $lcstart = '/home/httpd/perl/loncontrol start';
+         }
+         my $apachestart = "/etc/init.d/$apachename start";
+         if ($uses_systemctl) {
+             $apachestart = "systemctl start $apachename";
+         }
+         if ($uses_sudo) {
+             $lcstart = 'sudo '.$lcstart;
+             $apachestart = 'sudo '.$apachestart;
+         }
+         print "$lcstart\n";
+         print "$apachestart\n";
      }
  }
  exit;
- Line 1967  sub kill_extra_services {
+ Line 2584  sub kill_extra_services {
  }
  sub setup_mysql {
-     my ($setup_mysql_permissions,$distro,$dbh,$has_pass,$has_lcdb) = @_;
+     my ($setup_mysql_permissions,$dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,$has_lcdb,$distro) = @_;
      my @mysql_lc_commands;
      unless ($has_lcdb) {
-         push(@mysql_lc_commands,"CREATE DATABASE loncapa");
+         my $createcmd = 'CREATE DATABASE loncapa';
+         if ($distro =~ /^sles(\d+)/) {
+             if ($1 > 11) {
+                 $createcmd .= ' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci';
+             }
+         } elsif ($distro =~ /^ubuntu(\d+)/) {
+             if ($1 > 16) {
+                 $createcmd .= ' CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci';
+             }
+         }
+         push(@mysql_lc_commands,$createcmd);
      }
      push(@mysql_lc_commands,"USE loncapa");
      push(@mysql_lc_commands,qq{
  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metadata (title TEXT, author TEXT, subject TEXT, url TEXT, keywords TEXT, version TEXT, notes TEXT, abstract TEXT, mime TEXT, language TEXT, creationdate DATETIME, lastrevisiondate DATETIME, owner TEXT, copyright TEXT, domain TEXT, dependencies TEXT, modifyinguser TEXT, authorspace TEXT, lowestgradelevel TEXT, highestgradelevel TEXT, standards TEXT, count INT, course INT, course_list TEXT, goto INT, goto_list TEXT, comefrom INT, comefrom_list TEXT, sequsage INT, sequsage_list TEXT, stdno INT, stdno_list TEXT, avetries FLOAT, avetries_list TEXT, difficulty FLOAT, difficulty_list TEXT, disc FLOAT, disc_list TEXT, clear FLOAT, technical FLOAT, correct FLOAT, helpful FLOAT, depth FLOAT, hostname TEXT, FULLTEXT idx_title (title), FULLTEXT idx_author (author), FULLTEXT idx_subject (subject), FULLTEXT idx_url (url), FULLTEXT idx_keywords (keywords), FULLTEXT idx_version (version), FULLTEXT idx_notes (notes), FULLTEXT idx_abstract (abstract), FULLTEXT idx_mime (mime), FULLTEXT idx_language (language), FULLTEXT idx_owner (owner), FULLTEXT idx_copyright (copyright)) ENGINE=MYISAM
  });
      if ($setup_mysql_permissions) {
-         &setup_mysql_permissions($dbh,$has_pass,@mysql_lc_commands);
+         &setup_mysql_permissions($dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,@mysql_lc_commands);
      } else {
          print_and_log(&mt('Skipping MySQL permissions setup.')."\n");
          if ($dbh) {
- Line 1994  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metadata (tit
+ Line 2621  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metadata (tit
  }
  sub setup_mysql_permissions {
-     my ($dbh,$has_pass,@mysql_lc_commands) = @_;
+     my ($dbh,$has_pass,$mysql_unix_socket,@mysql_lc_commands) = @_;
      my ($mysqlversion,$mysqlsubver,$mysqlname) = &get_mysql_version();
-     my ($usesauth,$is_mariadb,$hasauthcol,@mysql_commands);
+     my ($usescreate,$usesauth,$is_mariadb,$hasauthcol,@mysql_commands);
      if ($mysqlname =~ /^MariaDB/i) {
          $is_mariadb = 1;
-         if ($mysqlversion >= 10.2) {
+         if ($mysqlversion >= 10.4) {
+             $usescreate = 1;
+         } elsif ($mysqlversion >= 10.2) {
              $usesauth = 1;
          } elsif ($mysqlversion >= 5.5) {
              $hasauthcol = 1;
- Line 2011  sub setup_mysql_permissions {
+ Line 2640  sub setup_mysql_permissions {
              $hasauthcol = 1;
          }
      }
-     if ($usesauth) {
+     if ($usescreate) {
-         @mysql_commands = ("INSERT user (Host, User, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject, authentication_string) VALUES('localhost','www','','','','')");
+         @mysql_commands = ("CREATE USER 'www'\@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'localhostkey'");
+     } elsif ($usesauth) {
+         @mysql_commands = ("INSERT user (Host, User, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject, authentication_string) VALUES('localhost','www','','','','')",
+                            "FLUSH PRIVILEGES");
          if ($is_mariadb) {
              push(@mysql_commands,"ALTER USER 'www'\@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'localhostkey'");
          } else {
- Line 2031  INSERT db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Inse
+ Line 2663  INSERT db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Inse
  INSERT db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv,Grant_priv,References_priv,Index_priv,Alter_priv,Create_tmp_table_priv,Lock_tables_priv) VALUES('localhost','loncapa','www','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y')");
      }
      push(@mysql_commands,"DELETE FROM user WHERE host<>'localhost'");
-     if ($has_pass) {
+     if (($has_pass) || ($mysql_unix_socket)) {
          if ($dbh) {
              push(@mysql_commands,"FLUSH PRIVILEGES");
              if (@mysql_commands) {
- Line 2123  sub get_mysql_version {
+ Line 2755  sub get_mysql_version {
          my $info = <PIPE>;
          chomp($info);
          close(PIPE);
-         ($version,$subversion,$name) = ($info =~ /(\d+\.\d+)\.(\d+)\-?(\w*),/);
+         ($version,$subversion,$name) = ($info =~ /(\d+\.\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\-?(\w*),|)/);
      } else {
          print &mt('Could not determine which version of MySQL is installed.').
                "\n";
- Line 2139  sub get_mysql_version {
+ Line 2771  sub get_mysql_version {
  ###########################################################
  sub copy_httpd_conf {
-     my ($instdir,$distro) = @_;
+     my ($instdir,$distro,$hostname) = @_;
      my $configfile = 'httpd.conf';
-     if ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle)(\d+)$/) {
+     if ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
          if ($1 >= 7) {
              $configfile = 'apache2.4/httpd.conf';
          } elsif ($1 > 5) {
- Line 2162  sub copy_httpd_conf {
+ Line 2794  sub copy_httpd_conf {
      print_and_log("\n");
  }
+ ###########################################################
+ ##
+ ## RHEL/CentOS/Fedora/Scientific Linux
+ ## Copy LON-CAPA mpm.conf to /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
+ ##
+ ## The LON-CAPA mpm.conf enables the prefork MPM module in
+ ## Apache. This is also the default for RHEL/CentOS/Oracle
+ ## Linux 7 and earlier, and Fedora 26 and earlier. For more
+ ## recent versions of those distros, the event MPM is enabled
+ ## by default. After &copy_mpm_conf() is run, the prefork MPM
+ ## module will be enabled instead of the event MPM module.
+ ##
+ ###########################################################
+ sub copy_mpm_conf {
+     my ($instdir,$distro) = @_;
+     my $mpmfile = 'mpm.conf';
+     if ((-e "/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf") &&
+         (-e "$instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile")) {
+         print_and_log(&mt('Copying the LON-CAPA [_1] to [_2].',"'mpm.conf'",
+                       "'/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf'")."\n");
+         copy "$instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile","/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf";
+         chmod(0644,"/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf");
+         print_and_log("\n");
+     } else {
+         my $logfail;
+         if ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|rhes|scientific|oracle|rocky|alma)(\d+)/) {
+             if ($1 > 7) {
+                 $logfail = 1;
+             }
+         } elsif ($distro =~ /^fedora(\d+)$/) {
+             if ($1 > 26) {
+                 $logfail = 1;
+             }
+         }
+         if ($logfail) {
+             print_and_log(&mt('Warning: copying the LON-CAPA [_1] failed because [_2] and/or [_3] are missing.',
+                               $mpmfile,"'$instdir/centos-rhes-fedora-sl/$mpmfile'",
+                               "'/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf'"));
+             print_and_log("\n");
+         }
+     }
+ }
+ ###############################################
+ ##
+ ## Copy loncapassl.conf and sslrewrite.conf
+ ##
+ ###############################################
+ #
+ # The Apache SSL configuration used by LON-CAPA is contained in
+ # two files: sslrewrite.conf and loncapassl.conf.
+ #
+ # Starting with LON-CAPA 2.12, name-based virtual hosts are used
+ # with port 443. The default virtual host (i.e., the one listed
+ # first) is for the server's standard hostname, and that is the one
+ # which will respond to client browser requests for https:// pages.
+ #
+ # Accordingly, a system administrator will need to edit the config
+ # config file to include paths to a signed SSL certificate (public),
+ # chain (public) and key (private) pem files. The certificate should
+ # have been signed by a recognized certificate authority ((e.g.,
+ # InCommon or Let's Encrypt).
+ #
+ # The sslrewrite.conf file contains the rewrite configuration for
+ # the default virtual host. The rewrite rules defined are used to
+ # allow internal HEAD requests to /cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi to be served
+ # http://, in order to support vertical alignment of mimetex images
+ # (one of the options for rendering Math content); (b) allow requests
+ # for certain URLs (external resource, and syllabus, if external URL
+ # used) to be served http:// to accommodate the use of iframes which
+ # would otherwise result in browser blocking of mixed active content.
+ #
+ # The loncapassl.conf file contains the configuration for the
+ # "internal" virtual host, which will respond to requests for https://
+ # pages from other LON-CAPA servers in the network to which the node
+ # belongs. The ServerName is internal-<hostname> where <hostname>
+ # is the server's hostname. There is no need to create a DNS entry
+ # for internal-<hostname>, as LON-CAPA 2.12 automatically performs
+ # the required hostname to IP mapping.
+ #
+ # Requests to /raw on the "internal" virtual host require a valid
+ # SSL client certificate, signed by the certificate authority
+ # for the LON-CAPA network to which the node belongs.
+ #
+ # The configuration file to which the contents of sslrewrite.conf
+ # and loncapassl.conf will be written will have either been identified
+ # when &chkapachessl() was run, or if no files were found with
+ # existing rewrite blocks, then a candidate file will be chosen
+ # from the .conf files containing VirtualHosts definitions.
+ # If there is more than one suitable candidate file, the system
+ # administrator will be prompted to select from the available files.
+ #
+ # If there are no files containing VirtualHosts definitions, then
+ # <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> blocks will be appended to
+ # the standard Apache SSL config for the particular distro:
+ # ssl.conf for RHEL/CentOS/Scientific/Fedora, vhost-ssl.conf
+ # for SuSE/SLES, and default-ssl.conf for Ubuntu.
+ #
+ # Once a file is selected, the contents of sslrewrite.conf and
+ # loncapassl.conf are compared with appropriate blocks in the file
+ # and the user will be prompted to agree to insertion of missing lines
+ # and/or deletion of surplus lines.
+ #
+ sub copy_apache_sslconf_files {
+     my ($distro,$hostname,$hostip,$instdir,$targetdir,$targetfilesref,
+         $has_std,$has_int,$rewritenum,$nochgstd,$nochgint) = @_;
+     my ($new_std,$new_int);
+     my (@internal,@standard,%int_by_linenum,%int_by_linetext,
+         %rule_by_linenum,%rule_by_linetext,%foundint);
+     if (-e "$instdir/loncapassl.conf") {
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',"$instdir/loncapassl.conf")) {
+             my $num = 1;
+             while (<$fh>) {
+                 chomp();
+                 if (/^ServerName/) {
+                     s/(\Qinternal-{[[[[Hostname]]]]}\E)/internal-$hostname/;
+                 }
+                 push(@internal,$_);
+                 $int_by_linenum{$num} = $_;
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 push(@{$int_by_linetext{$_}},$num);
+                 $num ++;
+             }
+             close($fh);
+         }
+     }
+     if (-e "$instdir/sslrewrite.conf") {
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',"$instdir/sslrewrite.conf")) {
+             my $num = 1;
+             while (<$fh>) {
+                 chomp();
+                 if (/\Q{[[[[HostIP]]]]}\E/) {
+                     s/(\QRewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} {[[[[HostIP]]]]}\E)/RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} $hostip/;
+                 }
+                 push(@standard,$_);
+                 $rule_by_linenum{$num} = $_;
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 push(@{$rule_by_linetext{$_}},$num);
+                 $num ++;
+             }
+             close($fh);
+         }
+     }
+     if (!$nochgstd) {
+         if ($has_std eq '') {
+             my $file;
+             if ($has_int ne '') {
+                 if (open(my $fh,'<',"$targetdir/$has_int")) {
+                     my @saved = <$fh>;
+                     close($fh);
+                     if (open(my $fhout, '>',"$targetdir/$has_int")) {
+                         print $fhout "<VirtualHost *:443>\n".
+                                      "ServerName $hostname\n".
+                                      join("\n",@standard)."\n".
+                                      "</VirtualHost>\n\n".
+                                      join('',@saved);
+                         close($fhout);
+                         $new_int = $has_int;
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         } else {
+             if ($rewritenum eq '') {
+                 &append_to_vhost($targetdir,$has_std,$hostname,\%rule_by_linenum,'std');
+                 $new_std = $has_std;
+             } else {
+                 $new_std = &modify_ssl_config($targetdir,$has_std,$hostname,$rewritenum,
+                                               \%rule_by_linetext,\%rule_by_linenum,'std');
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     if (!$nochgint) {
+         if ($has_int eq '') {
+             if ($has_std ne '') {
+                 if (open(my $fhout,'>>',"$targetdir/$has_std")) {
+                     print $fhout "\n".join("\n",@internal)."\n";
+                     close($fhout);
+                     $new_int = $has_std;
+                 }
+             }
+         } else {
+             $new_int = &modify_ssl_config($targetdir,$has_int,$hostname,$rewritenum,\%int_by_linetext,\%int_by_linenum,'int');
+         }
+     }
+     if (($has_std eq '') && ($has_int eq '')) {
+         my ($file,$numfiles) = &get_sslconf_filename($distro,$targetdir,$targetfilesref);
+         if ($numfiles == 0) {
+             if (open(my $fhout, '>>', "$targetdir/$file")) {
+                 print $fhout "<VirtualHost *:443>\n".
+                              "ServerName $hostname\n".
+                              join("\n",@standard)."\n".
+                              "</VirtualHost>\n\n".
+                              join("\n",@internal)."\n";
+                 close($fhout);
+                 $new_std = $file;
+                 $new_int = $file;
+             }
+         } elsif ($numfiles == 1) {
+             &append_to_vhost($targetdir,$file,$hostname,\%rule_by_linenum,'std');
+             if (open(my $fhout, '>>', "$targetdir/$file")) {
+                 print $fhout "\n".join("\n",@internal)."\n";
+                 close($fhout);
+                 $new_std = $file;
+                 $new_int = $file;
+             }
+         } elsif ($numfiles == -1) {
+             print_and_log(&mt('Failed to copy contents of [_1] or [_2] to a file in [_3]',
+                               "'loncapassl.conf'","'sslrewrite.conf'","'$targetdir'")."\n");
+         }
+     }
+     if ($nochgstd) {
+         print_and_log(&mt('No change required to file: [_1] in [_2], (no difference between [_3] and rewrite block.)',
+                           "'$has_std'","'$targetdir'","'sslrewrite.conf'"));
+     }
+     if ($nochgint) {
+         print_and_log(&mt('No change required to file: [_1] in [_2], (no difference between [_3] and virtualhost block.)',
+                           "'$has_int'","'$targetdir'","'loncapassl.conf'"));
+     }
+     if ($new_int) {
+         print_and_log(&mt('Successfully copied contents of [_1] to [_2].',"'loncapassl.conf'","'$targetdir/$new_int'")."\n");
+         chmod(0444,"$targetdir/loncapassl.conf");
+     }
+     if ($new_std) {
+         print_and_log(&mt('Successfully copied contents of [_1] to [_2].',"'sslrewrite.conf'","'$targetdir/$new_std'")."\n");
+         chmod(0444,"$targetdir/loncapassl.conf");
+     }
+     return ($new_int,$new_std);
+ }
+ #
+ # append_to_vhost() is called to add rewrite rules (in a
+ # <IfModule +mod_rewrite.c> </IfModule> block), provided
+ # in the sslrewrite.conf configuration file, to an Apache
+ # SSL configuration file within a VirtualHost for port 443
+ # (for server's public-facing hostname).
+ #
+ sub append_to_vhost {
+     my ($targetdir,$filename,$hostname,$by_linenum,$type) = @_;
+     return unless (ref($by_linenum) eq 'HASH');
+     my ($startvhost,$endvhost);
+     if (-e "$targetdir/$filename") {
+         my (@lines,$currname,$virtualhost,$hasname);
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',"$targetdir/$filename")) {
+             my $currline = 0;
+             while (<$fh>) {
+                 $currline ++;
+                 push(@lines,$_);
+                 chomp();
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 if (/^<VirtualHost\s+[^:]*\:443>/) {
+                     $virtualhost = 1;
+                     unless ($endvhost) {
+                         $startvhost = $currline;
+                     }
+                 }
+                 if ($virtualhost) {
+                     if (/^ServerName\s+([^\s]+)\s*$/) {
+                         $currname = $1;
+                         unless ($endvhost) {
+                             if ((($currname eq '') || ($currname eq $hostname)) && ($type eq 'std')) {
+                                 $hasname = 1;
+                             }
+                         }
+                     }
+                     if (/^<\/VirtualHost>/) {
+                         $virtualhost = 0;
+                         unless ($endvhost) {
+                             if (((($currname eq '') || ($currname eq $hostname)) && ($type eq 'std')) ||
+                                 (($currname eq 'internal-'.$hostname) && ($type eq 'int'))) {
+                                 $endvhost = $currline;
+                             } else {
+                                 undef($startvhost);
+                             }
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+             close($fh);
+         }
+         if ($endvhost) {
+             if (open(my $fout,'>',"$targetdir/$filename")) {
+                 for (my $i=0; $i<@lines; $i++) {
+                     if ($i == $startvhost) {
+                         unless (($hasname) && ($type eq 'std')) {
+                             print $fout "ServerName $hostname\n";
+                         }
+                     }
+                     if ($i == $endvhost-1) {
+                         foreach my $item (sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%{$by_linenum})) {
+                             print $fout $by_linenum->{$item}."\n";
+                         }
+                     }
+                     print $fout $lines[$i];
+                 }
+                 close($fout);
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     return $endvhost;
+ }
+ #
+ # get_sslconf_filename() is called when the Apache SSL configuration
+ # option has been selected and there are no files containing
+ # VirtualHost definitions containing rewrite blocks,
+ #
+ # In this case get_sslconf_filename() is used to chose from the
+ # available .conf files containing VirtualHosts definitions. If
+ # there is ambiguity about which file to use, &apacheconf_choice()
+ # will be called to prompt the user to choose one of the possible
+ # files.
+ #
+ sub get_sslconf_filename {
+     my ($distro,$targetdir,$targetfilesref) = @_;
+     my ($configfile,$numfiles,@possfiles);
+     if (ref($targetfilesref) eq 'HASH') {
+         if (keys(%{$targetfilesref}) > 0) {
+             foreach my $name (sort(keys(%{$targetfilesref}))) {
+                 if (ref($targetfilesref->{$name}) eq 'HASH') {
+                     foreach my $file (sort(keys(%{$targetfilesref->{$name}}))) {
+                         next if ($file eq '');
+                         next if (!-e "$targetdir/$file");
+                         unless (grep(/^\Q$file\E$/,@possfiles)) {
+                             push(@possfiles,$file);
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         if (@possfiles == 0) {
+             $configfile = 'ssl.conf';
+             if ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)/) {
+                 $configfile = 'vhost-ssl.conf';
+             } elsif ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)/) {
+                 $configfile = 'default-ssl.conf';
+             }
+             $numfiles = 0;
+             print &mt('No configuration files in [_1] contain a <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block which can be used to house Apache rewrite rules from https to http.',$targetdir)."\n\n".
+                   &mt('Accordingly, the contents of sslrewrite.conf will be included in a <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block which will be added to a file named: [_1].',$configfile)."\n\n";
+         } elsif (@possfiles == 1) {
+             $configfile = $possfiles[0];
+             $numfiles = 1;
+             print &mt('A single configuration file in [_1] contains a <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block.',$targetdir)."\n".
+                   &mt('The contents of sslrewrite.conf will be added to this block.')."\n\n";
+         } else {
+             print &mt('More than one Apache config file contains a <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block.')."\n\n".&mt('The possible files are:')."\n";
+             my $counter = 1;
+             my $max = scalar(@possfiles);
+             foreach my $file (@possfiles) {
+                 print "$counter. $file\n";
+                 $counter ++;
+             }
+             print "\n".&mt('Enter a number between 1 and [_1] to indicate which file should be modified to include the contents of sslrewrite.conf.',$max)."\n";
+             my $choice = &apacheconf_choice($max);
+             if (($choice =~ /^\d+$/) && ($choice >= 1) && ($choice <= $max)) {
+                 $configfile = $possfiles[$choice-1];
+                 $numfiles = 1;
+             } else {
+                 $numfiles = -1;
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     return ($configfile,$numfiles);
+ }
+ #
+ # &apacheconf_choice() prompts a user to choose an integer between 1 and the
+ # maximum number of available of possible Apache SSL config files found
+ # at the distros standard location for Apache config files containing
+ # VirtualHost definitions.
+ #
+ # This routine is called recursively until the user enters a valid integer.
+ #
+ sub apacheconf_choice {
+     my ($max) = @_;
+     my $choice = <STDIN>;
+     chomp($choice);
+     $choice =~ s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+     my $configfile;
+     if (($choice =~ /^\d+$/) && ($choice >= 1) && ($choice <= $max)) {
+         $configfile = $choice;
+     }
+     while ($configfile eq '') {
+         print &mt('Invalid choice.  Please enter a number between 1 and [_1].',$max)."\n";
+         $configfile = &apacheconf_choice($max);
+     }
+     print "\n";
+     return $configfile;
+ }
+ #
+ # &modify_ssl_config() is called to modify the contents of an Apache SSL config
+ # file so that it has two <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> blocks containing
+ # (a) the default VirtualHost with the <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> </IfModule> block
+ # provided in sslrewrites.conf, and (b) an "internal" VirtualHost with the
+ # content provided in loncapassl.conf.
+ #
+ # This routine will prompted you to agree to insertion of lines present in the
+ # shipped conf file, but missing from the local config file, and also for
+ # deletion of lines present in the local config file, but not required in
+ # the shipped conf file.
+ #
+ sub modify_ssl_config {
+     my ($targetdir,$filename,$hostname,$rewritenum,$by_linetext,$by_linenum,$type) = @_;
+     return unless ((ref($by_linetext) eq 'HASH') && (ref($by_linenum) eq 'HASH'));
+     if (-e "$targetdir/$filename") {
+         my (@lines,$virtualhost,$currname,$rewrite);
+         if (open(my $fh,'<',"$targetdir/$filename")) {
+             my %found;
+             my %possible;
+             my $currline = 0;
+             my $rewritecount = 0;
+             while (<$fh>) {
+                 $currline ++;
+                 push(@lines,$_);
+                 chomp();
+                 s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
+                 if (/^\s*<VirtualHost\s+[^:]*\:443>\s*$/) {
+                     $virtualhost = 1;
+                 }
+                 if ($virtualhost) {
+                     if ((exists($by_linetext->{$_})) && (ref($by_linetext->{$_}) eq 'ARRAY') &&
+                         (@{$by_linetext->{$_}} > 0)) {
+                         $possible{$currline} = shift(@{$by_linetext->{$_}});
+                     }
+                     if (/^\s*<\/VirtualHost>/) {
+                         if ((($currname eq 'internal-'.$hostname) && ($type eq 'int')) ||
+                             ((($currname eq $hostname) || ($currname eq '')) && ($type eq 'std') &&
+                               ($rewritecount == $rewritenum))) {
+                             %found = (%found,%possible);
+                         } else {
+                             foreach my $line (sort {$b <=> $a } keys(%possible)) {
+                                 my $num = $possible{$line};
+                                 if (ref($by_linetext->{$by_linenum->{$num}}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                                     unshift(@{$by_linetext->{$by_linenum->{$num}}},$num);
+                                 }
+                             }
+                         }
+                         undef(%possible);
+                         $virtualhost = 0;
+                         $currname = '';
+                     } elsif (/^\s*ServerName\s+([^\s]+)\s*$/) {
+                         $currname = $1;
+                     } elsif (/^\s*<IfModule\s+mod_rewrite\.c>/) {
+                         $rewrite = 1;
+                     } elsif (/^\s*<\/IfModule>/) {
+                         $rewritecount ++;
+                         $rewrite = 0;
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+             close($fh);
+             if (open(my $fout,'>',"$targetdir/$filename")) {
+                 my $currline = 0;
+                 my ($lastfound,$done);
+                 my $numfound = 0;
+                 foreach my $line (@lines) {
+                     $currline ++;
+                     if ($done) {
+                         print $fout $line;
+                     } elsif ($lastfound) {
+                         if ($found{$currline}) {
+                             for (my $i=$lastfound+1; $i<$found{$currline}; $i++) {
+                                 print &mt('The following line is missing from the current <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block:')."\n".
+                                       $by_linenum->{$i}."\n".
+                                       &mt('Add this line? ~[Y/n~]');
+                                 if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
+                                     print $fout $by_linenum->{$i}."\n";
+                                 }
+                             }
+                             $numfound ++;
+                             $lastfound = $found{$currline};
+                             print $fout $line;
+                             if ($numfound == scalar(keys(%found))) {
+                                 $done = 1;
+                                 for (my $i=$found{$currline}+1; $i<=scalar(keys(%{$by_linenum})); $i++) {
+                                     print &mt('The following line is missing from the current <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block:')."\n".
+                                           $by_linenum->{$i}."\n".
+                                           &mt('Add this line? ~[Y/n~]');
+                                     if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
+                                         print $fout $by_linenum->{$i}."\n";
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                             }
+                         } else {
+                             print &mt('The following line found within a <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block does not match that expected by LON-CAPA:')."\n".
+                                   $line.
+                                   &mt('Delete this line? ~[Y/n~]');
+                             if (!&get_user_selection(1)) {
+                                 print $fout $line;
+                             }
+                         }
+                     } elsif ($found{$currline}) {
+                         $numfound ++;
+                         $lastfound = $found{$currline};
+                         for (my $i=1; $i<$found{$currline}; $i++) {
+                             print &mt('The following line is missing from the current <VirtualHost *:443> </VirtualHost> block:')."\n".
+                                   $by_linenum->{$i}."\n".
+                                   &mt('Add this line? ~[Y/n~]');
+                             if (&get_user_selection(1)) {
+                                 print $fout $by_linenum->{$i}."\n";
+                             }
+                         }
+                         print $fout $line;
+                     } else {
+                         print $fout $line;
+                     }
+                 }
+                 close($fout);
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     return $filename;
+ }
  #########################################################
  ##
  ## Ubuntu/Debian -- copy our loncapa configuration file to
- Line 2170  sub copy_httpd_conf {
+ Line 3323  sub copy_httpd_conf {
  #########################################################
  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
-     my ($instdir,$distro) = @_;
+     my ($instdir,$distro,$hostname) = @_;
      my $apache2_mods_enabled_dir = '/etc/apache2/mods-enabled';
      my $apache2_mods_available_dir = '/etc/apache2/mods-available';
      foreach my $module ('headers.load','expires.load') {
- Line 2182  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
+ Line 3335  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
      my $apache2_sites_enabled_dir = '/etc/apache2/sites-enabled';
      my $apache2_sites_available_dir = '/etc/apache2/sites-available';
      my $defaultconfig = "$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/000-default";
+     my $defaultsite = "$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/loncapa.conf";
      my ($distname,$version);
      if ($distro =~ /^(debian|ubuntu)(\d+)$/) {
          $distname = $1;
- Line 2190  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
+ Line 3344  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
      if (($distname eq 'ubuntu') && ($version > 12)) {
          $defaultconfig = "$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/000-default.conf";
      }
-     if (-l $defaultconfig) {
+     my ($skipconf,$skipsite,$skipstatus);
-         unlink($defaultconfig);
-     }
      if (($distname eq 'ubuntu') && ($version > 12)) {
-         print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] config file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from conf-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/conf-available'","'loncapa.conf symlink'")."\n");
          my $apache2_conf_enabled_dir = '/etc/apache2/conf-enabled';
          my $apache2_conf_available_dir = '/etc/apache2/conf-available';
-         if (-e "$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa") {
-             copy("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.original");
-         }
          my $defaultconf = $apache2_conf_enabled_dir.'/loncapa.conf';
-         copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa");
+         if ((-e "$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa") && (-e "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf")) {
-         chmod(0444,"$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa");
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa $instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf |")) {
-         if (-l $defaultconf) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
-             unlink($defaultconf);
+                 close(PIPE);
-         }
+                 chomp($diffres);
-         symlink("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa","$defaultconf");
+                 if ($diffres) {
-         print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] site file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from sites-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/sites-available'","'000-default.conf symlink'")."\n");
+                     copy("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf.original");
-         copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_site","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                 } else {
-         chmod(0444,"$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                     copy("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
-         symlink("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$defaultconfig");
+                     chdir($apache2_conf_enabled_dir);
-     } else {
+                     symlink('../conf-available/loncapa.conf','loncapa.conf');
-         print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] config file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from sites-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/sites-available'","'000-default symlink'")."\n");
+                     chdir($instdir);
-         if (-e "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa") {
+                 }
-             copy("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.original");
+                 if (-l $defaultconf) {
-         }
+                     my $linkfname = readlink($defaultconf);
-         copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                     if ($linkfname ne '') {
-         chmod(0444,"$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                         $linkfname = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->rel2abs($linkfname,$apache2_conf_enabled_dir));
-         symlink("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/000-default");
+                     }
+                     if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa") {
+                         unlink($defaultconf);
+                     }
+                 }
+                 unlink("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa");
+             }
+         }
+         if ((-e "$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf") && (-e "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf")) {
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf $instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf |")) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 chomp($diffres);
+                 if ($diffres) {
+                     copy("$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf.original");
+                 }
+                 if (-l $defaultconf) {
+                     my $linkfname = readlink($defaultconf);
+                     if ($linkfname ne '') {
+                         $linkfname = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->rel2abs($linkfname,$apache2_conf_enabled_dir));
+                     }
+                     if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf") {
+                         unless ($diffres) {
+                             $skipconf = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         unless ($skipconf) {
+             print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] config file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from conf-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/conf-available'","'loncapa.conf symlink'")."\n");
+             copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_conf","$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
+             chmod(0444,"$apache2_conf_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
+             if (-l $defaultconf) {
+                 unlink($defaultconf);
+             }
+             chdir($apache2_conf_enabled_dir);
+             symlink('../conf-available/loncapa.conf','loncapa.conf');
+             chdir($instdir);
+         }
+         my $stdsite = "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_site";
+         if ((-e $stdsite) && (-e "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa")) {
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $stdsite $apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa |")) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 chomp($diffres);
+                 if ($diffres) {
+                     copy("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf.original");
+                 } else {
+                     copy("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
+                 }
+                 if (-l $defaultconfig) {
+                     my $linkfname = readlink($defaultconfig);
+                     if ($linkfname ne '') {
+                         $linkfname = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->rel2abs($linkfname,$apache2_sites_enabled_dir));
+                     }
+                     if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa") {
+                         unlink($defaultconfig);
+                     }
+                 }
+                 unlink("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+             }
+         }
+         if ((-e $stdsite) && (-e "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf")) {
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $stdsite $apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf |")) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 chomp($diffres);
+                 if ($diffres) {
+                     copy("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf.original");
+                 }
+                 if (-l $defaultsite) {
+                     my $linkfname = readlink($defaultsite);
+                     if ($linkfname ne '') {
+                         $linkfname = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->rel2abs($linkfname,$apache2_sites_enabled_dir));
+                     }
+                     if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf") {
+                         unless ($diffres) {
+                             $skipsite = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         unless ($skipsite) {
+             print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] site file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from sites-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/sites-available'","'loncapa.conf symlink'")."\n");
+             copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/ubuntu14/loncapa_site","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
+             chmod(0444,"$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.conf");
+             chdir($apache2_sites_enabled_dir);
+             symlink('../sites-available/loncapa.conf','loncapa.conf');
+             chdir($instdir);
+         }
+         if (-l $defaultconfig) {
+             my $linkfname = readlink($defaultconfig);
+             if ($linkfname ne '') {
+                 $linkfname = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->rel2abs($linkfname,$apache2_sites_enabled_dir));
+             }
+             if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_sites_available_dir/000-default.conf") {
+                 unlink($defaultconfig);
+             }
+         }
+     } else {
+         if ((-e "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/loncapa") && (-e "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa")) {
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $instdir/debian-ubuntu/loncapa $apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa |")) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 chomp($diffres);
+                 if ($diffres) {
+                     copy("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa.original");
+                 }
+                 if (-l $defaultconfig) {
+                     my $linkfname = readlink($defaultconfig);
+                     if ($linkfname eq "$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa") {
+                         unless ($diffres) {
+                             $skipsite = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         unless ($skipsite) {
+             if (-l $defaultconfig) {
+                 unlink($defaultconfig);
+             }
+             print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] config file to [_2] and pointing [_3] to it from sites-enabled.',"'apache2'","'/etc/apache2/sites-available'","'000-default symlink'")."\n");
+             if (-e "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/loncapa") {
+                 copy("$instdir/debian-ubuntu/loncapa","$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                 chmod(0444,"$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa");
+                 symlink("$apache2_sites_available_dir/loncapa","$apache2_sites_enabled_dir/000-default");
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     if ($distname eq 'ubuntu') {
+         my $sitestatus = "$apache2_mods_available_dir/status.conf";
+         my $stdstatus = "$instdir/debian-ubuntu/status.conf";
+         if ((-e $sitestatus) && (-e $stdstatus)) {
+             if (open(PIPE, "diff --brief $stdstatus $sitestatus |")) {
+                 my $diffres = <PIPE>;
+                 close(PIPE);
+                 chomp($diffres);
+                 if ($diffres) {
+                     copy("$apache2_mods_available_dir/status.conf","$apache2_mods_available_dir/status.conf.original");
+                 } else {
+                     $skipstatus = 1;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         unless ($skipstatus) {
+             if (-e $stdstatus) {
+                 print_and_log(&mt('Copying loncapa [_1] file to [_2],',"'status.conf'","'/etc/apache2/mods-available/status.conf'")."\n");
+                 copy($stdstatus,$sitestatus);
+                 chmod(0644,$sitestatus);
+             }
+         }
      }
      print_and_log("\n");
  }
- Line 2232  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
+ Line 3533  sub copy_apache2_debconf {
  ###########################################################
  sub copy_apache2_suseconf {
-     my ($instdir,$distro) = @_;
+     my ($instdir,$hostname,$distro) = @_;
      my ($name,$version) = ($distro =~ /^(suse|sles)([\d\.]+)$/);
      my $conf_file = "$instdir/sles-suse/default-server.conf";
      if (($name eq 'sles') && ($version >= 12)) {
- Line 2398  sub download_loncapa {
+ Line 3699  sub download_loncapa {
  	print_and_log("
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ".&mt('You seem to have a version of loncapa-current.tar.gz in [_1]',$instdir)."\n".
+ ".&mt('You seem to have a version of [_1] in [_2]',$lctarball,$instdir)."\n".
  &mt('This copy will be used and a new version will NOT be downloaded.')."\n".
  &mt('If you wish, you may download a new version by executing:')."
- wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/loncapa-current.tar.gz
+ wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/$lctarball
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ");
      }
      ##
-     ## untar loncapa.tar.gz
+     ## untar loncapa-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
      ##
      if ($have_tarball) {
+         my $homedir = '/root';
+         my ($targetdir,$chdircmd,$updatecmd);
+         if (($distro =~ /^ubuntu/) && ($instdir ne $homedir)) {
+             ($homedir) = ($instdir =~ m{^(.*)/[^/]+$});
+             $updatecmd = 'sudo ./UPDATE';
+         } else {
+             $updatecmd = './UPDATE';
+         }
          print_and_log(&mt('Extracting LON-CAPA source files')."\n");
-         writelog(`cd ~root; tar zxf $instdir/$lctarball`);
+         if (-e $homedir) {
+             writelog(`tar zxf $instdir/$lctarball --directory $homedir`);
+             $targetdir = $homedir;
+         } else {
+             writelog(`tar zxf $instdir/$lctarball`);
+             $targetdir = $instdir;
+         }
+         if ($lctarball =~ /^loncapa\-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:|[^.]+))\.tar\.gz$/) {
+             $chdircmd = "cd $targetdir/loncapa-".$1;
+         } else {
+             $chdircmd = "cd $targetdir/loncapa-X.Y.Z  (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.11.3')";
+         }
          print_and_log("\n");
          print &mt('LON-CAPA source files extracted.')."\n".
-               &mt('It remains for you to execute the following commands:')."
+               &mt('It remains for you to execute the following commands:').
+               "\n$chdircmd\n$updatecmd\n".
- cd /root/loncapa-N.N     (N.N should correspond to a version number like '0.4')
+               &mt('If you have any trouble, please see [_1] and [_2]',
- ./UPDATE
+                   'http://install.loncapa.org/','http://help.loncapa.org/')."\n";
- ".&mt('If you have any trouble, please see [_1] and [_2]',
-       'http://install.loncapa.org/','http://help.loncapa.org/')."\n";
          $updateshown = 1;
      }
      return ($have_tarball,$updateshown);

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