version 1.2, 2002/05/31 13:51:31
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version 1.3, 2002/06/03 05:15:59
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\layout Title |
\layout Title |
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Introduction to the Learning |
Learning |
\emph on |
\emph on |
Online |
Online |
\emph default |
\emph default |
Network with CAPA |
Network with CAPA |
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\newline |
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\emph on |
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\SpecialChar ~ |
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\newline |
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\size larger |
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Author's Tutorial And Manual |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\added_space_top vfill \align center |
\added_space_top vfill \align center |
\SpecialChar ~ |
\SpecialChar ~ |
Line 120 developed your objectives for your cours
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Line 129 developed your objectives for your cours
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\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats. |
developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats. |
The Template for Mapping Website to LON-CAPA that you filled in will assist |
\layout Subsection |
you in the process of creating your course website structure in LON-CAPA. |
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About This Manual |
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Throughout this manual, keywords and phrases literally present on the computer |
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screen will be referred to in |
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bold type |
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\series default |
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. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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This tutorial describes how to use the various author functions available |
Chapters |
in LON-CAPA. |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface} |
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\end_inset |
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through |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a Course} |
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\end_inset |
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comprise a tutorial that will introduce you to the authoring system. |
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After that, this document is a reference manual for authoring course materials. |
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For more information, see the website at http://help.loncapa.org/, where you |
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can get help and information. |
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If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let |
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us know, so we put the solution to your problem online. |
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
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The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Interface} |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Login as Course Author |
Login as Course Author |
Line 180 Fill in the Username and Password boxes
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Line 219 Fill in the Username and Password boxes
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This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu. |
This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu. |
\layout Description |
\layout Description |
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Note: Your Username is your PILOT ID, which is the part of your PILOT email |
Note: Your Username and Password will be given to you by your system administrat |
address to the left of the @. |
or. |
Your password is your PILOT email password. |
Both are case sensitive, so make sure you type them with the correct case. |
Both the PILOT ID and the password are case sensitive, so make sure you |
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type upper- and lower-case letters correctly. |
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Line 312 ROLES
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Line 349 ROLES
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button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something |
button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
Moreover, I observe that on a real remote, the vast majority of buttons |
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are labelled with one conceptual entity (i.e., |
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1 |
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, |
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5 |
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, |
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FF |
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, |
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[the pause symbol] |
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, etc)., not |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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Change User |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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which is two entities by my count, at least for an initial user. |
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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\SpecialChar ~ |
\SpecialChar ~ |
Line 389 The upshot is that the only upside to th
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Line 384 The upshot is that the only upside to th
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Also, based on my relatively little info, I think you're data-mining the |
We're data-mining the web logs to see what people actually use. |
web logs to see what people actually use. |
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This is good. |
This is good. |
We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes. |
We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes. |
Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret |
Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret |
Line 525 Content Page
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Line 519 Content Page
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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displays course content. |
displays course content. |
It is mostly a conventional HTML page. |
It is essentially a conventional HTML page. |
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Line 573 Sequence
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Line 567 Sequence
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\series default |
\series default |
type represents a programmed series of events. |
type represents a programmed series of events. |
The users of this resource can use array keys or NAV buttons to follow |
The users of this resource can use buttons on their remote or the NAV button |
the sequence. |
to follow the sequence. |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 873 How to Create New Content Pages
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Line 867 How to Create New Content Pages
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Content Pages |
Content Pages |
\series default |
\series default |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
These documents can be created in any order. |
To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
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Is this worth mentioning? |
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\layout Standard |
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To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be. |
Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be. |
Line 958 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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Line 946 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages. |
Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages. |
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\layout Standard |
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If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page, |
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which we'll use later as raw material. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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How to Edit Existing Content Pages |
How to Edit Existing Content Pages |
Line 1010 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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Line 1003 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA |
Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA |
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\layout Standard |
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If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of |
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these problem types now. |
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We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Problems Types |
Problems Types |
Line 1103 String Response
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Line 1101 String Response
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for the answer. |
for the answer. |
Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer |
Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer |
and entering chemical formulas. |
and entering chemical formulas. |
\layout Comment |
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Case sensitivity? |
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems. |
Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems. |
Line 1147 Samuel Clements
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Line 1142 Samuel Clements
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be difficult to get it all right. |
be difficult to get it all right. |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
correct answers. |
correct answers. |
\layout Comment |
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Check this stuff. |
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\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Numerical Response Problems |
Numerical Response Problems |
Line 1675 Example: Matching Problem
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Line 1667 Example: Matching Problem
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You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their |
You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their |
composers. |
composers. |
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and |
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and |
place the following four things each in one concept group: |
place the following four things each in their own concept group: |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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Claire de Lune |
Claire de Lune |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Clair de Lune} |
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\end_inset |
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\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Line 2236 Scroll down to the Hint element, and typ
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Line 2233 Scroll down to the Hint element, and typ
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Click the Submit Changes button. |
Click the Submit Changes button. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Creating Numerical Response |
Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response} |
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\end_inset |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response} |
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\end_inset |
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Problems |
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional |
Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional |
Line 2256 Numerical Response problems are answered
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Line 2243 Numerical Response problems are answered
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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. |
. |
\layout Standard |
Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula. |
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To create an Numerical Response problem, create a new resource as described |
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in section |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
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\end_inset |
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This is a |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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problem |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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resource so the URL must end in |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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.problem |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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You should see a screen as in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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\layout Enumerate |
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In the drop-down option box as seen in |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
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\end_inset |
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, select |
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\series bold |
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Simple Numerical Response Problem |
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\series default |
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, and click the |
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\series bold |
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New Problem |
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\series default |
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button. |
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\layout Enumerate |
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Click the |
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\series bold |
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Edit |
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\series default |
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button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Standard |
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\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 476 302 |
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file numericalResponseEditor.eps |
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width 3 80 |
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flags 9 |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Caption |
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Numerical Response Editor |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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You should see the String Response editor page open up, which should look |
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something like what you see in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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\layout Enumerate |
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Please refer to the CAPA manual for help with Numerical Response Problems. |
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\layout Comment |
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Copout. |
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I need this info. |
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\layout Subsection |
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Creating Formula Response |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
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\end_inset |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
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\end_inset |
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Problems |
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\layout Standard |
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Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula. |
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For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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. |
. |
The answer may be in any equivalent format. |
The answer may be in any equivalent format. |
For instance, for |
For instance, for |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Line 2383 Formula Response problems are answered b
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Line 2265 Formula Response problems are answered b
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as well. |
as well. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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To create an Formula Response problem, create a new resource as described |
Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same |
in section |
as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
and Formula Response problems, it is too difficult to cover them in this |
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tutorial. |
\end_inset |
For more information about these problem types, please see section |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response} |
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This is a |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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problem |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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resource so the URL must end in |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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.problem |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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You should see a screen as in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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\layout Enumerate |
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In the drop-down option box as seen in |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
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\end_inset |
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, select |
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\series bold |
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Simple Formula Problem |
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\series default |
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, and click the |
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\series bold |
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New Problem |
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\series default |
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button. |
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\layout Enumerate |
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Click the |
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\series bold |
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Edit |
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\series default |
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button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Standard |
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\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 476 302 |
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file numericalResponseEditor.eps |
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width 3 80 |
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flags 9 |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Caption |
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Numerical Response Editor |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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for Numerical Response problems and section |
\end_float |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Formula Response} |
You should see the Formula Response editor page open up, which should look |
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something like what you see in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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. |
for Formula Response problems. |
\layout Enumerate |
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Please refer to the CAPA manual for help with Numerical Response Problems. |
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\layout Comment |
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Copout. |
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I need this info. |
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\layout Section |
\layout Section |
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Publishing Your Course |
Publishing Your Resources |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use, |
In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use, |
Line 2715 private
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Line 2524 private
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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). |
). |
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\layout Standard |
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If you're following this as a tutorial, publish your resources so we can |
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use them in the next section. |
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
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Things That Need To Be Added |
Creating A Course |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a Course} |
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\end_inset |
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: Maps and Sequences |
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\layout Standard |
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In order to create a useful course, we need to arrange our raw materials |
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so that students can use them. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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LON-CAPA and Units |
Binding Together Resources In One Map: Page |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page} |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Standard |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Standard |
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\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 429 66 |
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file mapEditingButton.eps |
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flags 9 |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Caption |
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Map Editing Button |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editing Button Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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To join several resources into one page, you need to create a |
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\series bold |
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Map |
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\series default |
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of type |
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\series bold |
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Page |
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\series default |
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. |
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To create Page resource, create a new resource as described in section |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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This is a |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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page |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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resource so the URL must end in |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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.page |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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After you enter in the URL ending in |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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.page |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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, you should see a screen as in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editing Button Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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Click the button to get to the sequence editor. |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Standard |
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\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 476 226 |
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file mapEditInitial.eps |
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width 3 80 |
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flags 11 |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Caption |
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Initial Map Editor |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
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\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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After the system notices the map does not yet exist and creates it for you. |
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You should the initial map editor as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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Note there are two windows. |
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One is the workspace, and one is the window which will contain information |
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as you add resources. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Creating a default metadata file |
About The Editor |
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\layout Standard |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Caption |
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Example of the Map Editor |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Example Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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Maps are very powerful and can do a lot. |
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They can make decisions as the user progresses, and go down different paths |
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under different circumstances. |
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For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right, |
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and another path if they don't. |
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\layout Standard |
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To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor |
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that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Example Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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The map editor can display the different paths in your browser, and allow |
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you to edit, insert, and delete resources from your map. |
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The editor has a |
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\series bold |
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Start |
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\series default |
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area and a |
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\series bold |
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Finish |
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\series default |
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area. |
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The students in the course will progress along on path or another, depending |
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on decisions made at each resource, as explained later. |
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Different paths are represented with different lines in the map editor. |
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In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending |
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on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct. |
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By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure. |
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\layout Standard |
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The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand |
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the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material |
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based on their performance, but the total uses of this feature are limited |
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only by your imagination. |
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\layout Subsection |
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Creating a Simple Map: Page |
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\layout Standard |
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To add a resource to the map: |
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\layout Enumerate |
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Click on an unused light gray area. |
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\begin_float fig |
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\layout Standard |
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\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 476 242 |
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file mapEditFirstClick.eps |
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width 3 80 |
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flags 9 |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Caption |
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Map Editor after clicking on the box labelled |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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here |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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|
|
. |
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor First Click Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
In figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor First Click Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, the map editor after clicking on the area labelled |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
here |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
is shown. |
|
In that figure, lines have been added to show where the box boundaries |
|
are for the purposes of demonstration. |
|
This is to allow you to stay in sync with this tutorial; normally this |
|
doesn't matter. |
|
|
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Note that the contents of the seperate window have changed. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 218 |
|
file mapNewResource.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Map Resource Editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
Click on |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Resource |
|
\series default |
|
in the secondary window. |
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
Resource |
|
\series default |
|
will appear in the map editor. |
|
Click on the new Resource, and you'll get something like Figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will show appear. |
|
Click |
|
\series bold |
|
Browse |
|
\series default |
|
, and the |
|
\series bold |
|
Network Directory Browser |
|
\series default |
|
will appear, |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 216 |
|
file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Network Directory Browser |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
looking something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Press the select button that is next to the resource you want to include. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 213 |
|
file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Resource Chosen |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
(HTML page) |
|
\end_float |
|
Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when |
|
you clicked on |
|
\series bold |
|
New Resource |
|
\series default |
|
, you'll see something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
You can type the |
|
\series bold |
|
URL |
|
\series default |
|
and |
|
\series bold |
|
Title |
|
\series default |
|
if you prefer, following the format you see above. |
|
After you click |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Changes |
|
\series default |
|
, your changes will be saved, and the icons for the resource will appear |
|
in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Res |
|
\series default |
|
box, as shown in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Clicking on the left icon for a resource will open a new browser window |
|
with an informational page about that resource. |
|
Clicking on the right icon for a resource will open a new browser window |
|
taking you to the rendering of that resource. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Let's give practice giving ourselves a bit more space. |
|
Click on the grey space just left of your resource, and select |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Column Right |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
This will add a column to the right of that space. |
|
Now, click on the bottom row in the grey area, and select |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Row Above |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
This gives us enough space to work with. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Now, in the map editor window, click just to the left of the |
|
\series bold |
|
Res |
|
\series default |
|
box. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 357 190 |
|
file mapSecondWindowSecondResource.eps |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Choosing your second resource |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Second Resource Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
The secondary window will appear as it does in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Second Resource Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, but for now just choose |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Resource |
|
\series default |
|
again, not the new options. |
|
Insert a resource in the same manner as before. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 243 |
|
file mapTwoResources.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 11 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Two Resource in the Map Editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
You should have something that looks like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, though the exact placement may differ. |
|
Now we need to link them together. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click the Start box. |
|
In the secondary window, select |
|
\series bold |
|
Link Resource |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
The secondary window will prompt you to click on the resource you want |
|
to link it to. |
|
Click the first resource you added to the map. |
|
A new link is created. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Repeat the last step, linking the first resource to the second resource, |
|
and the second resource to |
|
\series bold |
|
Finish |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Now, in the editor window, click |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Map |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A dialog box will pop up, telling you the map has been saved. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now that you |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Numerical Response |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
Problems |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Numerical Response problems are very powerful. |
|
In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what |
|
is possible in a document like this. |
|
This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response |
|
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite |
|
knowlege necessary. |
|
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In this chapter and the next, I will use the terms |
|
\series bold |
|
static |
|
\series default |
|
and |
|
\series bold |
|
dynamic |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Static |
|
\series default |
|
means the object never changes, and is the same for each student. |
|
By contrast, |
|
\series bold |
|
dynamic |
|
\series default |
|
means the value can change, because there is some script that computes |
|
it for each student. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial. |
|
Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, ending your resource name with |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.problem |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and create a new |
|
\series bold |
|
Simple Numerical Response |
|
\series default |
|
problem. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
The Parts of a Numerical Response Problem |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 356 |
|
file numericalResponse1.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Numerical Response editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
A Numerical Response problem has seven major parts by default, as seen in |
|
figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
: |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
The script is the heart of advanced Numerical Response problems. |
|
It can be used to decide some of the parameters of the problem, compute |
|
the answer to the problem, and do just about anything else you can imagine. |
|
The Script language is |
|
\series bold |
|
Perl |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For lots and lots more information about Perl, see the Perl website at http://ww |
|
w.perl.org/ . |
|
\end_float |
|
. |
|
You do not need to know Perl to use the Script block, as we will be stepping |
|
through some advanced examples in this chapter, but knowing Perl can help. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Like other problem types, the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
is used to display the problem the student will see. |
|
In addition, you can place things in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
based on computations done in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
is the answer the system is looking for. |
|
This can also use parameters from the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block, allowing the answer to be computed dynamically. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student |
|
answer to be in order to count it correct. |
|
For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter |
|
to zero |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Computers can only approximate computations involving real numbers. |
|
For instance, a computer's [decimal] answer to the simple problem |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( \frac{1}{3} \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
0.33333333333333331 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
It |
|
\emph on |
|
should |
|
\emph default |
|
be an infinite series of 3's, and there certainly shouldn't be a |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
in the answer, but no computer can represent an infinitely long, infinitely |
|
detailed real number. |
|
Therefore, for any problem where the answer is not a small integer, you |
|
|
|
\emph on |
|
need |
|
\emph default |
|
to allow a tolerance factor, or the students will find it nearly impossible |
|
to exactly match the computers idea of the answer. |
|
\end_float |
|
, though you may find the default too large for some problems. |
|
There are two kinds of tolerance. |
|
If there is some answer |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and a tolerance |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
an |
|
\series bold |
|
Absolute |
|
\series default |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{absolute tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, absolute} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will take anything in the range |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
So if |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t=2 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, then anything between 8 and 12 is acceptable |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For much the same reasons a tolerance is almost always a good idea, it's |
|
almost impossible to say whether an answer that is |
|
\emph on |
|
exactly |
|
\emph default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will be accepted by the computer. |
|
But the computer does use many decimal places of accuracy; if you want |
|
to have the student answer exactly |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, then specifying a tolerance of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.0000001 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
is OK. |
|
(Don't use too many more zeros, though you can use less if you like.) |
|
\end_float |
|
. |
|
Any number in the tolerance field |
|
\emph on |
|
without |
|
\emph default |
|
a |
|
\series bold |
|
% |
|
\series default |
|
symbol is an absolute tolerance. |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a |
|
\series bold |
|
Relative |
|
\series default |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, relative} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will take anything in the range |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm at \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, where |
|
\emph on |
|
t |
|
\emph default |
|
is interpreted as a percentage. |
|
Any number in the tolerance field |
|
\emph on |
|
with |
|
\emph default |
|
a |
|
\series bold |
|
% |
|
\series default |
|
symbol is a relative tolerance. |
|
For example, |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t=10\% \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will accept anything between 9 and 11. |
|
|
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
significant figures |
|
\series default |
|
specification tells the system how many significant figures there are in |
|
the problem, as either a single number or a range of acceptable values, |
|
expressed as |
|
\series bold |
|
min,max |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
The system will check to make sure that the student's answer contains this |
|
many significant digits, useful in many scientific calculations. |
|
For example, if the problem has three significant digits, the significant |
|
digit specification is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and the answer is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, the system will require the students to type |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, even though numerically, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
are the same. |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
Confirm this. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Single Line Text Entry |
|
\series default |
|
area, as in other problems, allow you to manipulate the text entry area |
|
the student will see. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Finally, the |
|
\series bold |
|
Hint |
|
\series default |
|
provides a place to help students who get the problem incorrect the first |
|
time. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Simple Numerical Response Answer |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Along with showing the Numerical Response editor, figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
also shows the parameters for one of the simplest possible types of numerical |
|
response. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
has the problem's question, which is the static text |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
What is 2 + 2? |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Hint |
|
\series default |
|
has been set to something appropriate for this problem (unless this problem |
|
is being given to very young children). |
|
Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you create a problem like this, hit |
|
\series bold |
|
Submit Changes |
|
\series default |
|
, then hit |
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
after the changes have been submitted, you can try the problem out for |
|
yourself. |
|
Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for |
|
conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will |
|
accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get |
|
the answer correct but wish to continue playing with the problem, use the |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Reset Submissions |
|
\series default |
|
button to clear your answer attempts. |
|
|
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Simple Script Usage |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Totally static problems only scratch the surface of the Numerical Response |
|
capabilities. |
|
To really explore the power of LON-CAPA, we need to start creating dynamic |
|
problems. |
|
But before we can get to truly dynamic problems, we need to learn how to |
|
work with the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Script} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
window. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A script consists of several |
|
\series bold |
|
statements |
|
\series default |
|
, seperated by |
|
\series bold |
|
semi-colons |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
statement |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{statement} |
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|
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\end_inset |
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|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer you can give. |
|
Most problems will be built from several statements. |
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|
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\layout Standard |
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|
|
A script can contain |
|
\series bold |
|
comments |
|
\series default |
|
, which are not interpreted as statements by the computer. |
|
Comments start with |
|
\series bold |
|
# |
|
\series default |
|
, and go to the end of that line. |
|
Thus, if a line starts with #, the whole line is ignored. |
|
Comments can also begin in the middle of a line. |
|
It is a good idea to comment more complicated scripts, as it can be very |
|
difficult to read a large script and figure out what it does. |
|
It is a |
|
\emph on |
|
very |
|
\emph default |
|
good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you |
|
are working in a group or others may use your problems in the future. |
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a |
|
\series bold |
|
variable assignment |
|
\series default |
|
. |
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A |
|
\series bold |
|
variable |
|
\series default |
|
can hold any value in it. |
|
Simple values, such as a number or a string of text, start with a |
|
\series bold |
|
$ |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you need to assign to variables before you use them. |
|
Put the program in Figure |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
\align center |
|
$variable = 3; |
|
\layout Caption |
|
\pextra_type 3 \pextra_widthp 40 |
|
|
|
A simple script with a variable |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{A simple script with a variable} |
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|
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\end_inset |
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|
|
\end_float |
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|
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{A simple script with a variable} |
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|
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\end_inset |
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|
|
into the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
field of the Numerical Response. |
|
This creates a simple variable named |
|
\series bold |
|
variable |
|
\series default |
|
and assigns it the value of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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. |
|
That's one statement. |
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\layout Standard |
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|
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Variable names are |
|
\emph on |
|
case sensitive |
|
\emph default |
|
, must start with a letter, and can only consist of letters, numbers, and |
|
underscores. |
|
Variable names can be as long as you want. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
Getting variable names right is a skill. |
|
Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype. |
|
Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some |
|
conventionally short variable names we'll talk about later. |
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and |
|
how to capatalize variables |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
The author favors |
|
\family typewriter |
|
capsOnNewWords |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Some people use |
|
\family typewriter |
|
underscore_to_seperate_words |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like |
|
\family typewriter |
|
PI |
|
\family default |
|
or |
|
\family typewriter |
|
GOLDEN_MEAN |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Some people always |
|
\family typewriter |
|
StartWithCapatalization |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
What's really importent is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess |
|
whether the variable you're thinking of is |
|
\family typewriter |
|
coefFriction |
|
\family default |
|
, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
CoefFriction |
|
\family default |
|
, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
COEF_FRICTION |
|
\family default |
|
, or something else. |
|
\end_float |
|
. |
|
It is a good idea to adopt a standard. |
|
If you are working with a group, you may wish to discuss it in your group |
|
and agree on a convention. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
If you |
|
\series bold |
|
Submit Changes |
|
\series default |
|
and |
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
the problem, you'll see nothing has changed. |
|
That's because in order for a variable to be useful, it must be used. |
|
The variable can be used in several places. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
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|
|
Variables in Scripts |
|
\layout Standard |
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|
|
Variables can be used later in the same script. |
|
For instance, we can add another line below the |
|
\family typewriter |
|
$variable |
|
\family default |
|
line as such: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$variable2 = $variable + 2; |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now there's a variable called |
|
\family typewriter |
|
$variable2 |
|
\family default |
|
with the value |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
5 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
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|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Variables can also be used in |
|
\emph on |
|
strings |
|
\emph default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{strings} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which are a sequence of letters. |
|
The underlying language of the script, Perl, has a very large number of |
|
ways of using variables in strings, but the easiest and most common way |
|
is to use normal double-quotes and just spell out the name of the variable |
|
you want to use in the string, like this: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$stringVar = |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
I have a variable with the value $variable. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
This will put the string |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
I have a variable with the value 3. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
into the variable named |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
stringVar |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines |
|
and save the problem. |
|
There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Variables in the Text Block |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Once you've defined variables in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you can use them in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
For example, using the previous three-line script we've created so far, |
|
you can place the following in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
See the 3: $variable<br /> |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
See the string: <b>$stringVar</b><br /> |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 353 99 |
|
file numericalResponseVarInText.eps |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Result of Variables in the Text Block |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
If you save that and hit |
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
, you should get what you see in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Note how the |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$variable |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
was turned into a 3, and the |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$stringVar |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
was turned into |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
I have a variable with the value 3. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Variables in the Answer Block |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
You can use variables in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
part of the question, too. |
|
This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in |
|
a bit. |
|
If you set the answer of the question to be |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$variable |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
(without the quotes), |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Changes |
|
\series default |
|
and |
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
it, you'll see that LON-CAPA is now expecting |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as the answer, plus or minus 5%. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Calling Functions |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now you've seen how to use variables and stuff, see how to call functions. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Randomization |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
One of the most importent functions for LON-CAPA is the RANDOM function. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
placeholder |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
For More Information |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
It's always a good idea to look at other people's LON-CAPA problems, especially |
|
those from the same discipline as your problems, and see what they are |
|
doing. |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Very often, the easiest way to create a new problem is to copy it and modify |
|
the copy until it does what you need. |
|
|
|
\series default |
|
The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this. |
|
Also, you may find new ideas you can use and elaborate in your problems. |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
Is there UI for this? Check. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document. |
|
Without going into the same level of detail as the previous examples, here's |
|
some ideas to stimulate your imagination: |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Variable text. |
|
|
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Perl has several other data structures which might be of use. |
|
You may wish to do one of the many simple Perl tutorials on the Web. |
|
I recommend searching Google for |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
perl tutorial |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Formula Response |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
Problems |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Additional Problem Components |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Using the |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
Insert |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
menu that appears in many of the problem editors, a wide variety of different |
|
things can be added to the problems. |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Things That Need To Be Added |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Detailed number problem info |
LON-CAPA and Units |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Detailed formula problem info |
Creating a default metadata file |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{} |
My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{} |