version 1.2, 2002/05/31 13:51:31
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version 1.6, 2002/06/05 21:49:47
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Introduction to the Learning |
Learning |
\emph on |
\emph on |
Online |
Online |
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\emph default |
Network with CAPA |
Network with CAPA |
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Author's Tutorial And Manual |
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\layout Standard |
\added_space_top vfill \align center |
\added_space_top vfill \align center |
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\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
This manual was developed by John Williamson in the Office of Medical Education |
John Williamson, Felicia Berryman, Jeremy Bowers |
Research and Development. |
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Some information in thie manual is adapted from the |
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LON-CAPA Workshop Demo |
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developed by Felicia Berryman in the Laboratory for Instructional Technology |
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in Education. |
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\layout Standard |
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\SpecialChar ~ |
\SpecialChar ~ |
Line 82 Michigan State University
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Line 80 Michigan State University
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Introduction to LON-CAPA |
Introduction to LON-CAPA |
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\layout Comment |
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This is a comment which will not show in any other rendering of this document. |
This is a comment that will not show in any other rendering of this document. |
I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial. |
I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial. |
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\layout Comment |
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Line 101 IMHO
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Line 99 IMHO
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\layout Standard |
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LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your |
LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your |
course website, deliver and manage problem problems, and manage student |
course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment. |
enrollment. |
All author functions are done through a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher, |
All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher |
a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required). |
is recommended) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface. |
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The URL for LON-CAPA is |
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http://s10.lite.msu.edu |
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\family default |
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. |
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\layout Standard |
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At this time, you should have: |
At this time, you should have: |
Line 119 developed your objectives for your cours
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Line 111 developed your objectives for your cours
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\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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developed your problems for testing and identified the question formats. |
developed your problems for input into LON-CAPA and determined the appropriate |
The Template for Mapping Website to LON-CAPA that you filled in will assist |
question formats. |
you in the process of creating your course website structure in LON-CAPA. |
\layout Subsection |
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About This Manual |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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This tutorial describes how to use the various author functions available |
Throughout this manual, keywords and phrases literally present on the computer |
in LON-CAPA. |
screen will be referred to in |
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bold type |
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Function names and scripts will be shown in a |
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typewriter font |
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\family default |
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. |
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\layout Standard |
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Much of this document can be used as a tutorial that will introduce you |
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to the authoring system. |
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In particular, chapters |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface} |
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\end_inset |
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through |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a Course} |
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\end_inset |
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comprise a basic tutorial that can get you started using LON-CAPA, even |
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with no previous LON-CAPA experience. |
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For additional help, visit our FAQ at |
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\family typewriter |
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http://help.loncapa.org/ |
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\family default |
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. |
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
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The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Author Interface} |
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\end_inset |
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Login as Course Author |
Login as Course Author |
Line 140 Login as Course Author
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Line 171 Login as Course Author
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA. |
To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA. |
Open your web browser and navigate to the LON-CAPA URL: |
Open your web browser and navigate to your local LON-CAPA URL. |
\family typewriter |
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http://s10.lite.msu.edu/ |
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\family default |
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. |
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You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure |
You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen} |
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Line 180 Fill in the Username and Password boxes
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Line 207 Fill in the Username and Password boxes
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This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu. |
This will take you to your LON-CAPA User Roles menu. |
\layout Description |
\layout Description |
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Note: Your Username is your PILOT ID, which is the part of your PILOT email |
Note: Your Username and Password will be given to you by your system administrat |
address to the left of the @. |
or. |
Your password is your PILOT email password. |
Both are case sensitive, so make sure you type them with the correct case. |
Both the PILOT ID and the password are case sensitive, so make sure you |
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type upper- and lower-case letters correctly. |
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Line 219 remote control
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Line 244 remote control
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complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never, |
complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never, |
ever, ever change. |
ever, ever change. |
Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to |
Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to |
overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowlege into motor |
overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowledge into motor |
memory. |
memory. |
(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look |
(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look |
up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing; |
up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing; |
Line 250 menu
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Line 275 menu
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remote control space. |
remote control space. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy internet |
In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy Internet |
user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another |
user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another |
list of links, albiet a clumsy and inconvenient one. |
list of links, albeit a clumsy and inconvenient one. |
Why not give them that in the first place? |
Why not give them that in the first place? |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Line 282 remote
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Line 307 remote
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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3. |
3. |
By commiting to this |
By committing to this |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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Line 291 remote control
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Line 316 remote control
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that |
layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that |
an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or wierd |
an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or weird |
specialized symbols, or whatnot. |
specialized symbols, or whatnot. |
I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get |
I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
Line 310 ROLES
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Line 335 ROLES
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something |
button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're committing to something |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
Moreover, I observe that on a real remote, the vast majority of buttons |
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are labelled with one conceptual entity (i.e., |
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1 |
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, |
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5 |
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, |
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FF |
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, |
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[the pause symbol] |
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\end_inset |
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, etc)., not |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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Change User |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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which is two entities by my count, at least for an initial user. |
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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\SpecialChar ~ |
\SpecialChar ~ |
Line 376 Change User
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Line 359 Change User
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The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately |
The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately |
pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including |
pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including |
possible illegality under accessability laws. |
possible illegality under accessibility laws. |
Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote |
Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote |
control; it's going to suck until it's replaced. |
control; it's going to suck until it's replaced. |
Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not |
Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not |
Line 389 The upshot is that the only upside to th
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Line 372 The upshot is that the only upside to th
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Also, based on my relatively little info, I think you're data-mining the |
We're data-mining the web logs to see what people actually use. |
web logs to see what people actually use. |
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This is good. |
This is good. |
We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes. |
We may need to do some really simple stuff before he finishes. |
Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret |
Raw statistics on what buttons are pressed most often can probably be interpret |
Line 410 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
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Line 392 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
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, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course |
, will automatically load whenever you log in to LON-CAPA as the course |
instructor. |
instructor. |
The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, so you |
The Author Remote Control is a separate window in your browser, and is |
may position it on the screen where you can make the best use of it. |
automatically sized and placed in the upper left of the screen. |
The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions |
The Remote Control is a tool that allows you to switch between functions |
and roles within LON-CAPA. |
and roles within LON-CAPA. |
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Line 419 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
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Line 401 The Author Remote Control, show in figur
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
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\begin_inset Figure size 177 420 |
\begin_inset Figure size 180 420 |
file authorRemote.eps |
file authorRemote.eps |
height 3 50 |
height 3 50 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
Line 485 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)
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Line 467 RES (RESOURCE SPACE)
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\series bold |
\series bold |
EGRD (ENTER GRADES) |
SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY) |
\series default |
\series default |
is used to enter grades for students enrolled in your course. |
brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple |
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criteria. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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\series bold |
\series bold |
SRC (SEARCH LIBRARY) |
PREF (PREFERENCES) |
\series default |
\series default |
brings up a screen that lets you search the LON-CAPA resources using multiple |
brings up a screen that allows you to change some preferences. |
criteria. |
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\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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\series bold |
\series bold |
LOGOUT (LOGOUT) |
EXIT (LOGOUT) |
\series default |
\series default |
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system. |
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system. |
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
Line 525 Content Page
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Line 507 Content Page
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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displays course content. |
displays course content. |
It is mostly a conventional HTML page. |
It is essentially a conventional HTML page. |
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These resources use the extension |
\layout Comment |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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.html |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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Check this; is it exactly like HTML pages? |
. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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A |
A |
Line 556 Problem
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Line 543 Problem
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A |
A |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Map |
Sequence |
\series default |
\series default |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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resource of the |
is a type of |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Sequence |
Map |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence} |
\series default |
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\end_inset |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map} |
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\end_inset |
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\series default |
which is used to link other resources together. |
type represents a programmed series of events. |
The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote |
The users of this resource can use array keys or NAV buttons to follow |
or the NAV button to follow the sequence. |
the sequence. |
Sequences are stored in files that must use the extension |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Line 584 Sequence
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Line 571 Sequence
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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. |
. |
\layout Comment |
Sequences can contain other sequences and pages. |
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What |
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arrow keys |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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? Surely not the ones on the keyboard\SpecialChar \ldots{} |
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\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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A |
A |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Map |
Page |
\series default |
\series default |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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resource of the |
is a type of |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Page |
Map |
\series default |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Map} |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Page} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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type display multiple resources together. |
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\series default |
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which is used to join other resources together into one HTML page. |
For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set. |
For example, a page of problems will appears as a problem set. |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
Line 652 Construction Space
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Line 628 Construction Space
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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\end_float |
\layout Standard |
The Construction Space, as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources. |
Contents of the Construction Space: |
The Construction Space consists of a green tool bar at the top of the page |
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and a list of all directories and resources below. |
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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\begin_inset Tabular |
\begin_inset Tabular |
<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2"> |
<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2"> |
<features rotate="false" islongtable="true" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0"> |
<features rotate="false" islongtable="false" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0"> |
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special=""> |
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special=""> |
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special=""> |
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special=""> |
<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false"> |
<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false"> |
Line 858 Type a name in the entry box to create a
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Line 828 Type a name in the entry box to create a
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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The Construction Space, as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources. |
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The figure explains what each button does. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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How to Create New Content Pages |
How to Create New Content Pages |
Line 873 How to Create New Content Pages
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Line 851 How to Create New Content Pages
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Content Pages |
Content Pages |
\series default |
\series default |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
These documents can be created in any order. |
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\layout Comment |
\layout Standard |
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Is this worth mentioning? |
Many users use tools such as Dreamweaver to create web pages. |
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To upload HTML files generated with such tools, you can use the |
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\series bold |
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Browse |
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\series default |
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button in the Construction Space, locate your HTML file, and use the |
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\series bold |
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Upload File |
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\series default |
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button to create a content page in LON-CAPA. |
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Remember to upload any graphics your generated web pages may have included. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
\layout Comment |
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Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be. |
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\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Click the |
Click the |
Line 890 Click the
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Line 875 Click the
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CSTR |
CSTR |
\series default |
\series default |
button on the LON-CAPA remote. |
button on the LON-CAPA remote. |
You web page will change to your Construction Space. |
Your web page will change to your Construction Space. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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In Location bar of your browser, type in full URL of the new Content Page. |
In the Location bar of your browser, type in the full URL of the new Content |
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Page. |
Make sure the last part of the URL ends with |
Make sure the last part of the URL ends with |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 903 In Location bar of your browser, type in
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Line 889 In Location bar of your browser, type in
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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, for example, |
, for example, |
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\newline |
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\emph on |
\emph on |
http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/\SpecialChar \- |
http://www.s10.lite.msu.edu/priv/username/new_resource.html |
directory/new_resource.html |
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\emph default |
\emph default |
. |
. |
Press the Return or Enter key. |
\newline |
\layout Enumerate |
Press the Return or Enter key. |
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You should see something like the following message: |
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\series bold |
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File not found: /home/wmsonj/priv/\SpecialChar \- |
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directory/new_resource.html |
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\series default |
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, and an Edit button. |
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Click the |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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Edit |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template. |
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\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Type the content into the editor, |
Type the content into the editor, |
\emph on |
\emph on |
OR |
OR |
\emph default |
\emph default |
copy and paste HTML source code into the editor. |
copy and paste HTML source code obtained through the use of some other |
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HTML authoring program into the editor. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Optionally, click the |
Optionally, click the |
Line 958 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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Line 930 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages. |
Repeat this process as many times as necessary to create your Content Pages. |
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\layout Standard |
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If you're following this as a tutorial, create at least one content page, |
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which we'll use later as raw material. |
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\begin_float footnote |
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\layout Standard |
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Visit the FAQ at |
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\family typewriter |
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http://help.lon-capa.org/ |
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\family default |
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if you get |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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unmatched tag |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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warnings. |
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\end_float |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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How to Edit Existing Content Pages |
How to Edit Existing Content Pages |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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You may edit any any Content Pages that have been created. |
You may edit any Content Pages that have been created. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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To edit Content Pages: |
To edit Content Pages: |
Line 982 Click on the link for the name of the Co
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Line 976 Click on the link for the name of the Co
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Content Page. |
Content Page. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Press the Edit button. |
Press the |
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\series bold |
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Edit |
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\series default |
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button. |
Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor. |
Edit the HTML code, or copy and paste HTML source code into the editor. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Line 1010 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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Line 1008 Save and then attempt to clean HTML
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\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA |
Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA |
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\layout Standard |
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If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of |
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these problem types now. |
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We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences. |
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\layout Standard |
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|
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While several problem types are listed here, in LON-CAPA, all problems are |
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actually the same. |
|
All problems are written in XML, which can be obtained and edited with |
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the |
|
\series bold |
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EditXML |
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\series default |
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button you'll see. |
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The problem types listed in this manual are actually just templates. |
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As your knowledge advances, you may wish to play with the XML representation |
|
directly to see what you can do. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Problems Types |
Problems Types |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
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There are five types of problems that can be created with the LON-CAPA system: |
In this manual we will cover five basic types of problems: Radio Response, |
Radio Response, Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and |
Option Response, String Response, Numerical Response, and Formula Response. |
Formula Response. |
|
You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create |
You will need to identify which types of problem you want to use and create |
appropriate questions for your course. |
appropriate questions for your course. |
|
\layout Standard |
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The problem editor gives you a testing area where you can try your problems |
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out, with several different randomizations by varying the |
|
\series bold |
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Random Seed |
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\series default |
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. |
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If you answer a problem correctly and can no longer enter new answers, |
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you can get the answer field back by hitting the |
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\series bold |
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Reset Submissions |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reset Submissions} |
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\end_inset |
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\series default |
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button. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Foils |
Foils |
Line 1034 Foil
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Line 1068 Foil
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|
\series default |
\series default |
is a choice in a Radio Response or Option Response problem. |
is the statement after the drop-down box or radio button in a Radio Response |
For instance, True/False problems have two foils, one for True, and one |
or Option Response problem. |
for False. |
|
Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources. |
Foils do not need to be text; they can be images or other resources. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
Line 1052 Radio Response
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Line 1085 Radio Response
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\series bold |
\series bold |
Radio Response |
Radio Response |
\series default |
\series default |
problems represent multiple choice questions. |
problems present a list of foils, with buttons in front. |
A True/False problem is a special case of Radio Response problem with two |
The student can select |
foils, True or False. |
\emph on |
\layout Standard |
one |
|
\emph default |
Multiple choice problems contain between 3 and 10 foils. |
of these statements by clicking the appropriate radio button. |
You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system |
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randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student. |
|
\layout Comment |
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Eh? If this means what I think it means, clarify. |
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Is the system really incapable of showing eight choices all at once? |
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\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Option Response |
Option Response |
Line 1074 Option Response
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Line 1101 Option Response
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Problems |
Problems |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
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Option Response problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes. |
|
A group of foils is created for each concept group, and the system will |
\series bold |
pick one to present to the student from each group. |
Option Response |
The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible |
\series default |
answers before receiving credit for the problem. |
problems present foils to the student with drop-down boxes. |
For more details, see the Create Option Response ( |
The student can select the matching choice for the foils from a list of |
|
choices. |
|
Optionally, the foils may be bundled into Concept Groups, and the system |
|
will select one foil from each displayed group to display to the student. |
|
For more details, see Create Option Response in section |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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). |
. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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String Response Problems |
String Response Problems |
Line 1103 String Response
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Line 1134 String Response
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for the answer. |
for the answer. |
Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer |
Examples of string response questions are vocabulary tests, short answer |
and entering chemical formulas. |
and entering chemical formulas. |
\layout Comment |
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Case sensitivity? |
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
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Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems. |
Note that it is easy to abuse String Response problems. |
Line 1142 Samuel Clements
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Line 1170 Samuel Clements
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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, then the student will definately get it wrong. |
, then the student will definitely get it wrong. |
There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can |
There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can |
be difficult to get it all right. |
be difficult to get it all right. |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
correct answers. |
correct answers. |
\layout Comment |
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Check this stuff. |
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\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Numerical Response Problems |
Numerical Response Problems |
Line 1166 Numerical Response
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Line 1191 Numerical Response
|
\series default |
\series default |
problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such |
problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such |
as 2.5 m/s^2. |
as 2.5 m/s^2. |
Tolerance and significant digits can be specified as well. |
Tolerance and required significant digits can be specified as well. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
Formula Response Problems |
Formula Response Problems |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Formula Response problems are questions in which the student types in a |
|
math formula for the answer. |
\series bold |
|
Formula Response |
|
\series default |
|
problems ask the student to type in a math formula for the answer. |
If the answer is |
If the answer is |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}-11 \) |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}-11 \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 1190 Creating Radio Response Problems
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Line 1218 Creating Radio Response Problems
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 201 |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 202 |
file creatingNewProblemResource.eps |
file creatingNewProblemResource.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 80 |
flags 13 |
flags 13 |
Line 1207 Creating A New Problem Resource
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Line 1235 Creating A New Problem Resource
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|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
To create an Radio Response |
To create a Radio Response |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Radio Response} |
|
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 1262 Radio Response Creation Form
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Line 1290 Radio Response Creation Form
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\end_float |
\end_float |
You will need to create the posible answers and the questions. |
You will need to specify the question text and foil statements. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
In the drop-down option box as seen in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 1286 Click the
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Line 1314 Click the
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Edit |
Edit |
\series default |
\series default |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
|
You should see an editing screen like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Creation Form} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
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In the |
In the |
Line 1350 Four.
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Line 1384 Four.
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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|
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Make sure this is set to |
|
\series bold |
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true |
|
\series default |
|
in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Correct Option |
|
\series default |
|
field. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Below it, you will see |
Below it, you will see |
Line 1371 Purple.
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Line 1413 Purple.
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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|
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Make sure this is set to |
|
\series bold |
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false |
|
\series default |
|
in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Correct Option |
|
\series default |
|
field. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect |
Repeat the previous step until you've filled in all of the other incorrect |
Line 1417 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show
|
Line 1467 Scroll down to the Hint element, as show
|
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. |
. |
Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly. |
Type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectly. |
|
You may delete the hint by selecting |
|
\series bold |
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Yes |
|
\series default |
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from the |
|
\series bold |
|
Delete |
|
\series default |
|
drop-down box. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Click the |
Click the |
Line 1442 true
|
Line 1501 true
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
true |
true |
\series default |
\series default |
, so you can have questions with multiple correct answers. |
, but only one will be shown to any given student. |
If it is set to |
If it is set to |
\series bold |
\series bold |
false |
false |
Line 1472 Maximum Number of Shown Foils
|
Line 1531 Maximum Number of Shown Foils
|
box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to |
box contains the number of incorrect answers, which will force them to |
all be displayed. |
all be displayed. |
If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have |
If you wish to force the system to display the foils in the order you have |
created them in, type the HTML tag |
created them in, type the tag |
\series bold |
\series bold |
<norandom> |
<norandom /> |
\series default |
\series default |
into your problem text. |
into your problem text. |
This can be useful with the ever-popular |
This can be useful with the ever-popular |
Line 1487 All of the above
|
Line 1546 All of the above
|
|
|
choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will |
choice, which must be displayed in the correct place or its meaning will |
change. |
change. |
\layout Subsubsection |
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True/False |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{True/False Problem} |
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|
|
\end_inset |
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|
Problem |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A True/False problem is a Radio Response problem with two choices, True |
|
and False. |
|
set the |
|
\series bold |
|
Maximum Number of Shown Foils |
|
\series default |
|
to |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and mark the correct answer |
|
\series bold |
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true |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
For example, for the True/False question |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
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|
|
Napolean conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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|
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, mark the foil containing the answer |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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False |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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as |
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\series bold |
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true |
|
\series default |
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, because it is the correct answer. |
|
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Option Response |
Option Response |
Line 1550 Option Response
|
Line 1559 Option Response
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Problems |
Problems |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
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|
|
Option Response problems with Concept Groups |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
Line 1573 Option Response Problem
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Line 1585 Option Response Problem
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|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
Each Option Response problem has three parts: |
Each Option Response problem can have three parts: |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
The Concept Groups |
The Concept Groups |
Line 1612 Concept Group
|
Line 1624 Concept Group
|
\series default |
\series default |
has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually |
has some number of foils representing questions which are conceptually |
related. |
related. |
Option Response Problems can have between 4 and 8 Concept Groups in a problem. |
Option Response Problem Templates are available for 4 and 8 Concept Groups. |
When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA |
When the Option Response problem is presented to a student, the LON-CAPA |
system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present |
system will randomly select one foil from each Concept Group and present |
it to the student. |
it to the student. |
In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must answer all |
In order to receive credit for the problem, the student must select the |
of the Concept Group foils correctly. |
corresponding option from the drop-down box for each given foil. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
Example: Concept Group |
Example: Concept Group |
Line 1672 For each foil, the author marks it True
|
Line 1684 For each foil, the author marks it True
|
Example: Matching Problem |
Example: Matching Problem |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
You might want to ask the student to match musical compositions with their |
Option Response problems can be used as matching problems as well. |
composers. |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For example, you might want to ask the student to match musical compositions |
|
with their composers. |
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and |
You could create an Option Response problem with 4 Concept Groups, and |
place the following four things each in one concept group: |
place the following four foil groups each in its own concept group: |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Claire de Lune |
Claire de Lune |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Clair de Lune} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, Ballade |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 1686 Debussy.
|
Line 1706 Debussy.
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
The Pastoral Symphony |
The Pastoral Symphony, The Ninth Symphony |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Beethoven's Sixth Symphony. |
Beethoven. |
\end_float |
\end_float |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Sleeping Beauty Suite |
Sleeping Beauty Suite, The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 1702 Tchaikovsky.
|
Line 1722 Tchaikovsky.
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
The Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies |
Slavonic Dances, New World Symphony |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Also Tchaikovsky, from The Nutcracker. |
Dvorak. |
\end_float |
\end_float |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 1725 Schubert
|
Line 1745 Schubert
|
Tchaikovsky |
Tchaikovsky |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Bach |
Dvorak |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit. |
The same answers can be used more then once, or not at all, as you see fit. |
Line 1771 problem
|
Line 1791 problem
|
. |
. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
In the drop-down option box as seen in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 1845 Locate the
|
Line 1865 Locate the
|
Max Number of Shown Foils |
Max Number of Shown Foils |
\series default |
\series default |
element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions. |
element and type a number from 1 to 8 to display that number of questions. |
You cannot display more then one foil from each concept group, so this |
You cannot display more than one foil from each concept group, so this |
option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less then |
option will only reduce the number of foils displayed, if it is less than |
the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem. |
the number of concept groups in your Option Response problem. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Line 1870 Save Changes
|
Line 1890 Save Changes
|
Save Changes |
Save Changes |
\series default |
\series default |
button, your option will not be selectable below. |
button, your option will not be selectable below. |
\layout Enumerate |
(You will delete unwanted options in the last step.) |
|
|
To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select |
|
that option from the |
|
\series bold |
|
Delete Option |
|
\series default |
|
dropdown, and hit the Save Changes button. |
|
Do that for each option you wish to remove. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Now, you need to define the question foils. |
Now, you need to define the question foils. |
Line 1929 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
|
Line 1941 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
|
Save Changes |
Save Changes |
\series default |
\series default |
button. |
button. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Make sure all the options you want to delete are not used for any of your |
|
foils |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If a deleted option is used in a foil, it will appear in a text box in the |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Correct Option |
|
\series default |
|
area for that foil. |
|
To make the drop-down box reappear, type an option already defined in the |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Select Options |
|
\series default |
|
field, and hit |
|
\series bold |
|
Submit Changes |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A drop-down box will reappear. |
|
\end_float |
|
. |
|
To delete the irrelevant options from the Option Response question, select |
|
that option from the |
|
\series bold |
|
Delete an Option |
|
\series default |
|
drop down, and hit the |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Changes |
|
\series default |
|
button. |
|
Do that for each option you wish to remove. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you select |
|
\series bold |
|
Simple Option Response |
|
\series default |
|
from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter |
|
up to eight foils with no grouping. |
|
The system will randomly mix these foils when presenting them to the student. |
|
You can have more foils then the |
|
\series bold |
|
Max Num of Shown Foils |
|
\series default |
|
so that each student will not have the identical foils. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Creating a String Response Problem |
Creating a String Response Problem |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
To create an String Response problem, create a new resource as described |
To create a String Response problem, create a new resource as described |
in section |
in section |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
|
|
Line 1966 problem
|
Line 2032 problem
|
. |
. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
In the drop-down option box as seen in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, select |
, select |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Simple String Response Problem |
String Response Problem |
\series default |
\series default |
, and click the |
, and click the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Line 2017 String Response Editor
|
Line 2083 String Response Editor
|
. |
. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Clear the text from the Text Block at the top of the problem, and type in |
Clear the text from the |
your problem's question. |
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
at the top of the problem, and type in your problem. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
In the |
In the |
Line 2028 Answer Box
|
Line 2097 Answer Box
|
, type the correct answer. |
, type the correct answer. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Select the answer condition from the drop down box. |
Select the answer condition from the drop-down. |
There are three cases to choose from: |
There are three cases to choose from: |
\begin_deeper |
\begin_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
Line 2046 Case Sensitive
|
Line 2115 Case Sensitive
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
For example, this is useful in Chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely |
For example, this is useful in chemistry, where HO and Ho are completely |
different answers |
different answers |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\end_deeper |
\end_deeper |
Line 2076 ci
|
Line 2145 ci
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Case Insenstive |
Case Insensitive |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Line 2140 Multiple Choice
|
Line 2209 Multiple Choice
|
|
|
. |
. |
The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's, |
The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's, |
but order is unimportent. |
but order is unimportant. |
This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's |
This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's |
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
Line 2198 abcg
|
Line 2267 abcg
|
. |
. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
It is conventional to tell the students whether the question is case sensitive |
It is conventional to inform the students if the problem is case sensitive, |
or not. |
or that the order of the answers doesn't matter. |
\end_deeper |
\end_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Line 2210 Single Line Text Entry Area
|
Line 2279 Single Line Text Entry Area
|
block and set a length in the Size box. |
block and set a length in the Size box. |
This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the |
This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the |
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer. |
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer. |
\begin_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
This seems like a great feature to either eliminate, or make useful. |
Scroll down to the |
Allowing the teacher to limit it to 3, and then not letting the student |
\series bold |
type more then 3 chars might be a way of giving the student a hint. |
Hint |
Probably not worth it, as the problem text can always just say |
\series default |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
element, and type some text that will help students when they answer incorrectl |
|
y, or delete the hint by setting the |
|
\series bold |
|
Delete |
|
\series default |
|
field to |
|
\series bold |
|
Yes |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click the |
|
\series bold |
|
Submit Changes |
|
\series default |
|
button. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating Numerical Response And Formula Response Problems |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional |
|
unit. |
|
For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2m/s^{2} \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Pick two of the following |
. |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula. |
|
For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
This is probably not a useful feature. |
The answer may be in any equivalent format. |
\end_deeper |
For instance, for |
\layout Enumerate |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students |
, the system will also accept |
when they answer incorrectly. |
\begin_inset Formula \( x*x+11 \) |
\layout Enumerate |
\end_inset |
|
|
Click the Submit Changes button. |
or |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+21-10 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same |
|
as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response |
|
and Formula Response problems, they are covered in their own section after |
|
the end of the tutorial. |
|
For more information about these problem types, please see section |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
for Numerical Response problems and section |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
for Formula Response problems. |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Publishing Your Resources |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In order to make the content you've created available for use in courses, |
|
you must publish your content. |
|
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages, |
|
problem resources, and sequences. |
|
You can specify title, author information, keywords, and other metadata. |
|
LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's important to fill |
|
the metadata out as accurately as possible. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Creating Numerical Response |
What is Metadata? |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Metadata} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{What Is Metadata?} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Problems |
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Numerical Response problems are answered by entering a number and an optional |
|
unit. |
\emph on |
For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
Metadata |
\begin_inset Formula \( 2m/s^{2} \) |
\emph default |
|
is |
|
\emph on |
|
data about data |
|
\emph default |
|
. |
|
Metadata can often be thought of as a label on some bit of information |
|
that can be useful to people or computer programs trying to use the data. |
|
Without metadata, the person or computer trying to use the original information |
|
would have to just guess what the original data is about. |
|
For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or |
|
subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use |
|
that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about, |
|
which is much more difficult than just reading a title. |
|
A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is |
|
too stupid to understand the problem statement at all. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
One example of metadata is the <title> of a web page, which usually shows |
|
up in the title bar of the browser. |
|
That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the |
|
web page. |
|
People use the title information when they bookmark a page, so they know |
|
what the page is. |
|
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Publishing A Resource |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Resource, Publishing} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Publishing Resource} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 168 |
|
file constructionSpaceForPublishing.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Construction Space for Publishing |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space for Publishing Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
To publish a resource, log in and choose your role to be an Author. |
|
Then click |
|
\series bold |
|
CSTR |
|
\series default |
|
to go to your construction space. |
|
You should see something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space for Publishing Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
|
Click on the |
|
\series bold |
|
Publish |
|
\series default |
|
button for the resource you wish to publish. |
|
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
To create an Numerical Response problem, create a new resource as described |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 338 |
in section |
file publishMetadata.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Publishing Metadata Screen |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
You'll get a metadata screen that should look something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Fill out the form. |
|
If you are creating resources that may be used in several courses, you |
|
should talk with the other authors and establish some sort of standard |
|
title and subject scheme in advance. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Language |
|
\series default |
|
is the language the problem is written in. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Publisher/Owner |
|
\series default |
|
is the LON-CAPA user who owns the problem. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Keywords |
|
\series default |
|
and the |
|
\series bold |
|
Abstract |
|
\series default |
|
are more information about the problem. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Keywords |
|
\series default |
|
are words that are strongly connected to your problem; for instance a physics |
|
problem about a pulley might include |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
pulley |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as a key word. |
|
LON-CAPA pulls out words used in the text of the resource for you so you |
|
can just click on their check boxes to make them keywords. |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Additional keywords |
|
\series default |
|
allows you to add any keyword to your problem that are not actually in |
|
the problem. |
|
For instance, on that same problem a physicist might add the keyword |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
statics |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics |
|
uses that as a classification of problem type. |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Additional Keywords |
|
\series default |
|
are also useful when publishing graphics. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution permissions in the |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
COPYRIGHT/DISTRIBUTION |
|
\series default |
|
drop-down. |
|
This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource as follows: |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
Is this right? |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Limited to courses in the domain published |
|
\series default |
|
means that only courses running in the same domain as you can use your |
|
content. |
|
Talk to your LON-CAPA administrator if you want more information about |
|
your domain. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Free |
|
\series default |
|
means that anyone can find and use the resource. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Private - visible to author only |
|
\series default |
|
means that it can't be used for any course. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Public - no authentication required |
|
\series default |
|
means anyone can find and use the resource. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now when you click |
|
\series bold |
|
Finalize Publication |
|
\series default |
|
, your resource will be published and usable (unless you set the distribution |
|
to |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
private |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
). |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you're following this as a tutorial, publish your resources so we can |
|
use them in the next section. |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Creating A Course |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a Course} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
: Maps and Sequences |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In order to create a useful course, we need to arrange our raw materials |
|
so that students can use them. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating Sequences |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
Sequence |
|
\series default |
|
is a series of resources that can be navigated using the |
|
\series bold |
|
NAV |
|
\series default |
|
remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 238 83 |
|
file mapEditorSelection.eps |
|
width 3 40 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Map Editor Selection |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
To create a Sequence resource, create a new resource as described in section |
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2269 To create an Numerical Response problem,
|
Line 2680 To create an Numerical Response problem,
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
problem |
sequence |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Line 2277 problem
|
Line 2688 problem
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
.problem |
.sequence |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
You should see a screen as in figure |
After you enter in the URL ending in |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.sequence |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, you should see a screen as in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
\layout Enumerate |
You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
Creating a Simple .sequence With The Simple Editor |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 250 |
|
file mapSimpleEditor.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, select |
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Simple Map Editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Simple Map Editor} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection |
|
prompt (figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
), click the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Simple Numerical Response Problem |
Simple Edit |
\series default |
\series default |
, and click the |
button to get to the simple map editor, which appears in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The Simple Editor can create .sequences and .pages which are linear, which |
|
means they have no branches or conditions. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
On the right side of the simple editor is the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
New Problem |
Target |
\series default |
\series default |
button. |
, which represents the map you are currently building. |
\layout Enumerate |
On the left side is the |
|
\series bold |
|
Import |
|
\series default |
|
area, which represents a work area you can use for your convenience to |
|
load and manipulate resource you may wish to include in your map. |
|
Using the three buttons in the middle of the screen, from top to bottom |
|
you can cut things out of the Target, copy from the Target to the Import, |
|
and copy from the Import to the Target, respectively. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
Click the |
On both sides of the screen, you can do a Group Search and a Group Import. |
|
A Group Search allows you to run a search, then import selected results |
|
from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import |
|
space. |
|
Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you |
|
can click the resource you wish to add to your map in the order that you |
|
want them added. |
|
After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that |
|
allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will |
|
be able to import the selected resources and work with them. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A Group Import works in a similar fashion, but allows you to use the LON-CAPA |
|
network browser to select your resources. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
On the Import side, you can also browse for another Map, and load the resources |
|
used in that map into your Import workspace. |
|
You can also discard the selected resources, clear all the resources, and |
|
view the selected resource from the buttons on the Import side of the screen. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Both list boxes support standard multi-select mechanisms as used in your |
|
OS. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating a Simple .sequence With The Advanced Editor |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
After creating a new .sequence resource and getting the editor selection |
|
prompt (figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
), click the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Edit |
Advanced Edit |
\series default |
\series default |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
button to get to the advanced map editor. |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 302 |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 205 |
file numericalResponseEditor.eps |
file mapAdvancedEditorNew.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 80 |
flags 9 |
flags 11 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Numerical Response Editor |
Initial Map Editor |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
You should see the String Response editor page open up, which should look |
You should see the initial map editor as shown in figure |
something like what you see in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
|
Note there are two windows: One is the workspace, and one is a secondary |
|
window which will contain information as you add resources. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Please refer to the CAPA manual for help with Numerical Response Problems. |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Comment |
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
Copout. |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 221 |
I need this info. |
file mapClickedStart.eps |
\layout Subsection |
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
Creating Formula Response |
\end_inset |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
After clicking |
|
\series bold |
|
Start |
|
\series default |
|
in the Map Constructor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
\end_float |
|
Click the |
|
\series bold |
|
Start |
|
\series default |
|
box. |
|
You'll see what you see in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Problems |
. |
|
Click |
|
\series bold |
|
Link Resource |
|
\series default |
|
in the secondary window, then click on the |
|
\series bold |
|
Finish |
|
\series default |
|
box. |
|
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 70 210 |
|
file mapStraightened.eps |
|
height 3 25 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
Formula Response problems are answered by entering a mathematical formula. |
|
For instance, a numerical response problem might have an answer of |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Straightened Map |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Striaghtened map} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
After that, click |
|
\series bold |
|
Straighten |
|
\series default |
. |
. |
The answer may be in any equivalent format. |
You should see something like figure |
For instance, for |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map} |
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+11 \) |
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, the system will accept |
. |
\begin_inset Formula \( x*x-11 \) |
This creates a simple map that flows from beginning to end. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 271 252 |
|
file mapInsertResource.eps |
|
height 3 30 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
or |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( x^{2}+21-10 \) |
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Inserting a Resource |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Inserting a Resource Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
as well. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
To create an Formula Response problem, create a new resource as described |
\end_float |
in section |
To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows, |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
seen between the |
|
\series bold |
|
Start |
|
\series default |
|
and |
|
\series bold |
|
Finish |
|
\series default |
|
boxes in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
This is a |
In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
problem |
. |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
Click |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Resource Into Link |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A new resource box will appear in the link. |
|
Click the resource, which will have the label |
|
\series bold |
|
Res |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click |
|
\series bold |
|
Browse |
|
\series default |
|
, and the |
|
\series bold |
|
Network Directory Browser |
|
\series default |
|
will appear, |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 357 162 |
|
file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps |
|
width 3 60 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
resource so the URL must end in |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Network Directory Browser |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
.problem |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_float |
|
looking something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Network Directory Browser Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
You should see a screen as in figure |
Press the |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
\series bold |
|
SELECT |
|
\series default |
|
button that is next to the resource you want to place in the chosen resource |
|
box. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 42 252 |
|
file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps |
|
height 3 30 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
\layout Caption |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating a new problem resource} |
|
|
Resource Chosen |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, select |
|
|
\end_float |
|
Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when |
|
you clicked on |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Simple Formula Problem |
New Resource |
\series default |
\series default |
, and click the |
, you'll see something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
You can type the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
New Problem |
URL |
\series default |
\series default |
button. |
and |
|
\series bold |
|
Title |
|
\series default |
|
into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see |
|
when you've successfully browsed to a resource. |
|
After you click |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Changes |
|
\series default |
|
, your changes will be set, and the icons for the resource will appear in |
|
the |
|
\series bold |
|
Res |
|
\series default |
|
box, as shown in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Chosen Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Click |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Map |
|
\series default |
|
in the bar above your map to save the map. |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Clicking on the left icon for a resource will open a new browser window |
|
with an informational page about that resource. |
|
Clicking on the right icon for a resource will open a new browser window |
|
taking you to the rendering of that resource. |
|
\end_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Click the |
Repeat steps two and three for as many resources as you'd like to bind together |
|
into one page. |
|
You can insert the new resources anywhere you'd like. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
When you are done adding resources, click the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Edit |
Save Map |
\series default |
\series default |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
link to save the map. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In addition to manually adding in resources, the Advanced Editor also has |
|
the ability to import resource in the same way that the Simple Editor can: |
|
From a LON-CAPA network browser window, from a Group Search, or from another |
|
Map. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Page Maps |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Creating a .page map is the same as creating a sequence map, except that |
|
when choosing the name of the resource, the URL will end with |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.page |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Then all resources you add in the map editor will appear on one page together. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Pages are often used to connect problems in a homework set. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In order to view sequences, they need to be part of a |
|
\series bold |
|
course |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 238 231 |
|
file creatingANewCourse.eps |
|
width 3 40 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Creating a New Course |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a New Course Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course. |
|
This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework |
|
assignments, chapters, or units. |
|
To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course. |
|
Only Domain Coordinators can make courses and set their Top-level maps, |
|
so work with your Domain Coordinator if you need to view your maps. |
|
\layout Section |
|
|
|
Numerical Response |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Numerical Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
And Formula Response Questions |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Numerical Response problems are very powerful. |
|
In fact, they are so powerful it would be impossible to fully explain what |
|
is possible in a document like this. |
|
This chapter will focus on getting you started with Numerical Response |
|
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite |
|
knowledge necessary. |
|
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you like, you can follow this chapter along as its own tutorial. |
|
Create a Numerical Response problem using the instructions in section |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Creating New Content Pages} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, ending your resource name with |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.problem |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and create a new |
|
\series bold |
|
Simple Numerical Response |
|
\series default |
|
problem. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
The Parts of a Numerical Response Problem |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 302 |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 356 |
file numericalResponseEditor.eps |
file numericalResponse1.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 80 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
Line 2450 flags 9
|
Line 3232 flags 9
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Numerical Response Editor |
Numerical Response editor |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
You should see the Formula Response editor page open up, which should look |
A Numerical Response problem has seven major parts by default, as seen in |
something like what you see in figure |
figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
: |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
The script is the heart of advanced Numerical Response problems. |
|
It can be used to decide some of the parameters of the problem, compute |
|
the answer to the problem, and do just about anything else you can imagine. |
|
The Script language is |
|
\series bold |
|
Perl |
|
\series default |
. |
. |
|
You do not need to know Perl to use the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block, as we will be stepping through some advanced examples in this chapter, |
|
but knowing Perl can help. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Please refer to the CAPA manual for help with Numerical Response Problems. |
Like other problem types, the |
\layout Comment |
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
is used to display the problem the student will see. |
|
In addition, you can place variables in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
based on computations done in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Copout. |
The |
I need this info. |
\series bold |
\layout Section |
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
is the answer the system is looking for. |
|
This can also use parameters from the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block, allowing the answer to be computed dynamically. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
Publishing Your Course |
|
|
\series default |
|
parameter, which determines how closely the system will require the student's |
|
answer to be in order to count it correct. |
|
For technical reasons, it is almost never a good idea to set this parameter |
|
to zero |
|
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
In order to make the content you've created available for courses to use, |
Computers can only approximate computations involving real numbers. |
you must publish your content. |
For instance, a computer's [decimal] answer to the simple problem |
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages, |
\begin_inset Formula \( \frac{1}{3} \) |
problem resources, and sequences. |
\end_inset |
A common interface allows you to specify title, author information, keywords, |
|
and other metadata. |
|
LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's importent to fill |
|
the metadata out as accurately as possible. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
What is Metadata? |
is |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Metadata} |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
0.33333333333333331 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
It |
|
\emph on |
|
should |
|
\emph default |
|
be an infinite series of 3's, and there certainly shouldn't be a |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{What Is Metadata?} |
1 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
in the answer, but no computer can represent an infinitely long, infinitely |
|
detailed real number. |
|
Therefore, for any problem where the answer is not a small integer, you |
|
|
|
\emph on |
|
need |
|
\emph default |
|
to allow a tolerance factor, or the students will find it nearly impossible |
|
to exactly match the computers idea of the answer. |
|
\end_float |
|
, though you may find the default too large for some problems. |
|
There are two kinds of tolerance. |
|
For some answer |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and a tolerance |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t \) |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
an |
|
\series bold |
|
Absolute |
|
\series default |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{absolute tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, absolute} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will take anything in the range |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
So if |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t=2 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, then anything between 8 and 12 is acceptable |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\end_deeper |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For much the same reasons a tolerance is almost always a good idea, it's |
|
almost impossible to say whether an answer that is |
|
\emph on |
|
exactly |
|
\emph default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm t \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will be accepted by the computer. |
|
But the computer does use many decimal places of accuracy; if you want |
|
to have the student answer exactly |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, then specifying a tolerance of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.0000001 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
is OK. |
|
(Don't use too many more zeros, though you can use less if you like.) |
|
\end_float |
|
. |
|
Any number in the tolerance field |
\emph on |
\emph on |
Metadata |
without |
\emph default |
\emph default |
is |
a |
|
\series bold |
|
% |
|
\series default |
|
symbol is an absolute tolerance. |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a |
|
\series bold |
|
Relative |
|
\series default |
|
tolerance |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, relative} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will take anything in the range |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a\pm at \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, where |
\emph on |
\emph on |
data about data |
t |
\emph default |
\emph default |
|
is interpreted as a percentage. |
|
Any number in the tolerance field |
|
\emph on |
|
followed by |
|
\emph default |
|
a |
|
\series bold |
|
% |
|
\series default |
|
symbol is a relative tolerance. |
|
For example, |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( a=10 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( t=10\% \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will accept anything between 9 and 11. |
|
|
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
significant figures |
|
\series default |
|
specification tells the system how many significant figures there are in |
|
the problem, as either a single number or a range of acceptable values, |
|
expressed as |
|
\series bold |
|
min,max |
|
\series default |
. |
. |
Metadata can often be thought of as a label on some bit of information |
The system will check to make sure that the student's answer contains this |
that can be useful to people or computer programs trying to use the data. |
many significant digits, useful in many scientific calculations. |
Without metadata, the person or computer trying to use the original information |
For example, if the problem has three significant digits, the significant |
would have to just guess what the original data is about. |
digit specification is |
For instance, if you create a problem and neglect to say in the title or |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
subject of the problem what it is about, then a human who wants to use |
\end_inset |
that problem would have to read the problem itself to see what it was about, |
|
which is much more difficult then just reading a title. |
|
A computer trying to do the same thing would just be out of luck; it is |
|
too stupid to understand the problem statement at all. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a webpage, |
3 |
which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser. |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
That's information about the webpage itself, not actually part of the web |
\end_inset |
page. |
|
People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is. |
, and the answer is |
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page. |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, the system will require the students to type |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, even though numerically, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
are the same. |
|
A significant figure specification of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
3,4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
means both |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
and |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1.300 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
are acceptable. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Single Line Text Entry |
|
\series default |
|
area, as in other problems, allow you to manipulate the text entry area |
|
the student will see. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Finally, the |
|
\series bold |
|
Hint |
|
\series default |
|
should contain text which will help the students when they answer incorrectly. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Publishing A Resource |
Simple Numerical Response Answer |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Resource, Publishing} |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Along with showing the Numerical Response editor, figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response Editor Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
also shows the parameters for one of the simplest possible types of numerical |
|
response. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
has the problem's question, which is the static text |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Publishing Resource} |
What is 2 + 2? |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
The |
|
\series bold |
|
Hint |
|
\series default |
|
has been set to something appropriate for this problem. |
|
Everything else has the default values from when the problem was created. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
If you create a problem like this, hit |
|
\series bold |
|
Submit Changes |
|
\series default |
|
, then hit |
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
after the changes have been submitted, you can try the problem out for |
|
yourself. |
|
Note the last box in the HTML page has the answer LON-CAPA is looking for |
|
conveniently displayed for you, along with the range the computer will |
|
accept and the number of significant digits the computer requires when |
|
viewed by an |
|
\series bold |
|
Author |
|
\series default |
|
. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 168 |
As you're playing with the problem, if you use up all your tries or get |
file constructionSpaceForPublishing.eps |
the answer correct but wish to continue playing with the problem, use the |
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
\series bold |
|
Reset Submissions |
|
\series default |
|
button to clear your answer attempts. |
|
|
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Simple Script Usage |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Totally static problems only scratch the surface of the Numerical Response |
|
capabilities. |
|
To really explore the power of LON-CAPA, we need to start creating dynamic |
|
problems. |
|
But before we can get to truly dynamic problems, we need to learn how to |
|
work with the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Script} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\series default |
|
window. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
Construction Space for Publishing |
A script consists of several |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Construction Space for Publishing Figure} |
\series bold |
|
statements |
|
\series default |
|
, separated by |
|
\series bold |
|
semi-colons |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
statement |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{statement} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
is the smallest kind of instruction to the computer. |
|
Most problems will be built from several statements. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A script can contain |
|
\series bold |
|
comments |
|
\series default |
|
, which are not interpreted as statements by the computer. |
|
Comments start with |
|
\series bold |
|
# |
|
\series default |
|
, and go to the end of that line. |
|
Thus, if a line starts with #, the whole line is ignored. |
|
Comments can also begin in the middle of a line. |
|
It is a good idea to comment more complicated scripts, as it can be very |
|
difficult to read a large script and figure out what it does. |
|
It is a |
|
\emph on |
|
very |
|
\emph default |
|
good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you |
|
are working in a group or you believe other people may use your problems |
|
in the future. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a |
|
\series bold |
|
variable assignment |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
variable |
|
\series default |
|
can hold any value in it. |
|
The variable name must start with a |
|
\series bold |
|
$ |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you need to assign to variables before you use them. |
|
Put this program into the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
field of the Numerical Response: |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$variable = 3; |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
This creates a variable named |
|
\series bold |
|
variable |
|
\series default |
|
and assigns it the value of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
3 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
That's one statement. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Variable names are |
|
\emph on |
|
case sensitive |
|
\emph default |
|
, must start with a letter, and can only consist of letters, numbers, and |
|
underscores. |
|
Variable names can be as long as you want. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and |
|
how to capitalize variables |
|
\begin_float footnote |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The author favors |
|
\family typewriter |
|
capsOnNewWords |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Some people use |
|
\family typewriter |
|
underscore_to_separate_words |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Many use uppercase letters to specify constants like |
|
\family typewriter |
|
PI |
|
\family default |
|
or |
|
\family typewriter |
|
GOLDEN_MEAN |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
Some people always |
|
\family typewriter |
|
StartWithCapatalization |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
What's really important is to be consistent, so you don't have to guess |
|
whether the variable you're thinking of is |
|
\family typewriter |
|
coefFriction |
|
\family default |
|
, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
CoefFriction |
|
\family default |
|
, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
COEF_FRICTION |
|
\family default |
|
, or something else. |
\end_float |
\end_float |
To publish a resource, log in and choose your role to be an Author. |
. |
Then click |
It is a good idea to adopt a standard. |
|
If you are working with a group, you may wish to discuss it in your group |
|
and agree on a convention. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you |
\series bold |
\series bold |
CSTR |
Submit Changes |
\series default |
\series default |
to go to your construction space. |
and |
You should see something like figure |
\series bold |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space for Publishing Figure} |
View |
|
\series default |
|
the problem, you'll see nothing has changed. |
|
That's because in order for a variable to be useful, it must be used. |
|
The variable can be used in several places. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Variables in Scripts |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Variables can be used later in the same script. |
|
For instance, we can add another line below the |
|
\family typewriter |
|
$variable |
|
\family default |
|
line as such: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$variable2 = $variable + 2; |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now there is a variable called |
|
\family typewriter |
|
$variable2 |
|
\family default |
|
with the the number |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
5 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as its value. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Variables can also be used in |
|
\emph on |
|
strings |
|
\emph default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{strings} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which are a sequence of letters. |
|
The underlying language of the script, Perl, has a very large number of |
|
ways of using variables in strings, but the easiest and most common way |
|
is to use normal double-quotes and just spell out the name of the variable |
|
you want to use in the string, like this: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$stringVar = |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
I have a variable with the value $variable. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
This will put the string |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
I have a variable with the value 3. |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
into the variable named |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
stringVar |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
Click on the |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you are following this chapter as a tutorial, add the previous two lines |
|
to your |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Publish |
Script |
\series default |
\series default |
button for the resource you wish to publish. |
and submit the changes for the problem. |
|
There's no need to view it; there's still no visible change. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Variables in the Text Block |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Once you've defined variables in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you can use them in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
For example, using the previous three-line script we've created so far, |
|
you can place the following in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
See the 3: $variable<br /> |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
See the string: <b>$stringVar</b><br /> |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 338 |
\begin_inset Figure size 353 99 |
file publishMetadata.eps |
file numericalResponseVarInText.eps |
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2593 flags 9
|
Line 3965 flags 9
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Publishing Metadata Screen |
Result of Variables in the Text Block |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
You'll get a metadata screen that should look something like figure |
If you save that and hit |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Publishing Metadata Screen Figure} |
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
, you should get what you see in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Result of Variables in the Text Block Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
Fill out the form. |
Note how the |
If you are creating resources that may be used in several courses, you |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
should talk with the other authors and establish some sort of standard |
\end_inset |
title and subject scheme in advance. |
|
|
$variable |
\layout Standard |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
was turned into a 3, and the |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$stringVar |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
was turned into |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
The language is the language the problem is written in. |
I have a variable with the value 3. |
The Publisher/Owner is the person who owns the problem; it should be the |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
email address where anybody with questions about the resource can contact |
\end_inset |
someone who can help them. |
|
In smaller environments, this is likely to be the author. |
|
In larger environments, it may be a coordinator or manager. |
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Variables in the Answer Block |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
The |
You can use variables in the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Keywords |
Answer |
\series default |
\series default |
and the |
part of the question, too. |
|
This means you can compute an answer to a question, which we'll see in |
|
a bit. |
|
If you set the answer of the question to be |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Abstract |
$variable |
\series default |
\series default |
are more information about the problem. |
, |
The |
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
Keywords |
Save Changes |
\series default |
\series default |
are words that are strongly connected to your problem; for instance a physics |
and |
problem about a pulley might include |
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
it, you'll see that LON-CAPA is now expecting |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
pulley |
3.0 |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
as a key word. |
as the answer, plus or minus 5%. |
LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click |
\layout Subsection |
on them to make them keywords. |
|
|
Calling Functions |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
With variables, you can store strings or numbers. |
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
Additional keywords |
Functions |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to add any keyword to your problem that are not actually in |
allow you to manipulate these strings or numbers. |
the problem. |
Functions work like mathematical functions: They take some number of arguments |
For instance, on that same problem a physicist might add the keyword |
in, and return one argument, usually a number or a string for our purposes. |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
There are a lot of functions available in LON-CAPA. |
|
You can see a complete list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/hom |
|
ework5.html. |
|
For now, let's just look at some simple examples. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$a = -3.0; |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$b = &sin($a); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$c = &pow(3.0, &abs($a)); |
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Some Function Calls |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Some Function Calls Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
statics |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_float |
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block, function names start with |
|
\series bold |
|
& |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
Some example function calls are shown in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Some Function Calls Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics |
. |
uses that as a classification of problem type. |
You can see that functions can take either variables, numbers, or the results |
|
of other function calls as parameters. |
|
The |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&sin |
|
\family default |
|
function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians. |
|
|
|
\family typewriter |
|
&pow |
|
\family default |
|
raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter. |
|
|
|
\family typewriter |
|
&abs |
|
\family default |
|
returns the absolute value of the argument. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Randomization |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Randomization} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice. |
For LON-CAPA, one of the most important functions is the |
This setting controls who is allowed to use your resource. |
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
function. |
|
Random takes three parameters: a |
|
\emph on |
|
lower limit |
|
\emph default |
|
, an |
|
\emph on |
|
upper limit |
|
\emph default |
|
, and an |
|
\emph on |
|
interval |
|
\emph default |
|
. |
|
The |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&random |
|
\family default |
|
function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some |
|
integer number of |
|
\emph on |
|
interval |
|
\emph default |
|
's away from the lower limit. |
|
Thus, for example, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&random(1,2,.2) |
|
\family default |
|
might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2. |
|
|
\layout Itemize |
\family typewriter |
|
&random |
|
\family default |
|
uses a uniform distribution. |
|
Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting |
|
the function list. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$a = &random(1.0,10.0,1.0); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$b = &random(-10.0, -3.0, 1.0); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$answer = $a+$b; |
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Sample |
|
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
Calls |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Sample Random Calls figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
If you put the script in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Sample Random Calls figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
into the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Limited to courses in the domain published |
Script |
\series default |
\series default |
means that only courses running in the same domain as you can use your |
block (replacing whatever contents might be in the block already), you'll |
content. |
get two random variables $a and $b. |
Talk to your LON-CAPA administrator if you want more information about |
Now, in the |
your domain. |
\series bold |
\layout Itemize |
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
, put |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
What is $a plus $b? |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and in the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Free |
Answer |
\series default |
\series default |
means that anyone can find and use the resource. |
put |
\layout Itemize |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$answer |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, without the quotes for either of them. |
|
(It is a good idea to create a variable to hold the answer and call it |
|
$answer, or some other reasonably standard name. |
|
Do not try to compute the answer in the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Private - visible to author only |
Answer |
\series default |
\series default |
means that it can't be used for any course. |
field itself; it will not work as you expect.) Now save the problem and |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
it. |
|
You'll see a randomized problem. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For each student, the same random number will be used each time they visit |
|
the problem, but each student will get different random numbers. |
|
For any but the simplest random problems, you'll want to see several random |
|
problems to make sure everything is working out correctly. |
|
This is what the |
|
\series bold |
|
Random Seed |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Random Seed} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
field is for. |
|
To see another randomized version of the problem you've just created, put |
|
another number into the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Public - no authentication required |
Random Seed |
\series default |
\series default |
means anyone can find and use the resource. |
field and hit |
|
\series bold |
|
Change |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
It doesn't really matter what number you put into the field. |
|
But for any given |
|
\series bold |
|
Random Seed |
|
\series default |
|
with the same problem, you'll see the same randomized problem generated |
|
for you. |
|
(If you change the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you are no longer guaranteed to get the same problem.) |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Now when you click |
If you're doing this as a tutorial, try a few random seeds to see what happens. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now you have all the tools to create those wonderful dynamic, randomized |
|
problems that you've seen in LON-CAPA. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 197 |
|
file numericalResponseSlopeProblem.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Slope Problem Parameters |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Slope Problem Parameters Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
For example, try filling out your problem with the parameters shown in |
|
figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Slope Problem Parameters Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
When creating randomized problems, you want to make sure that the problems |
|
always have an answer. |
|
Consider what might happen if I had chosen the two slopes |
|
\emph on |
|
both |
|
\emph default |
|
with the expression |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&random(-1.0,1.0,.2) |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal, |
|
which has either no solution (for unequal y-intercepts) or an infinite |
|
number of solutions (for equal slopes and y-intercepts). |
|
Both of these cause a division-by-zero error on the division that computes |
|
the answer. |
|
There are many ways to avoid this, one of the easiest of which is picking |
|
one slope negative and one positive. |
|
This same problem can show up in many other places, too, so be careful. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Units, Format |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Numerical Response problems can require units. |
|
In the problem editing form, place the desired unit in the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Finalize Publication |
Unit |
\series default |
\series default |
, your resource will be published and usable (unless you set the distribution |
field. |
to |
For information about what units the system accepts, see http://capa4.lite.msu.edu |
|
/demolibrary/Links/UnitsSymbolsT2.html. |
|
The computer will accept the answer in any of its accepted unit formats. |
|
For example, if the answer to a problem is |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
private |
1ft |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
). |
, the computer will accept |
\layout Section |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
Things That Need To Be Added |
12in |
\layout Subsection |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
LON-CAPA and Units |
as correct. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Creating a default metadata file |
Additionally, you can format the number displayed by the computer as the |
\layout Subsection |
answer. |
|
For instance, if the answer is one-third, the computer will display that |
|
it computed |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
Detailed number problem info |
.333333333 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as the answer. |
|
If you'd like to shorten that, you can use the |
|
\series bold |
|
Format |
|
\series default |
|
field. |
|
Format strings like |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2e |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
(without the quotes) will display three significant digits in scientific |
|
notation. |
|
Format strings like |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2f |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will display two digits after the decimal point. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Detailed formula problem info |
For More Information |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The full power of Perl is well outside the scope of this document. |
|
Looking in the function list at |
|
\newline |
|
http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/homework5.html |
|
\newline |
|
can give you some ideas. |
|
O'Reilly has some good Perl books. |
|
The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more than what you need to know |
|
to use LON-CAPA, available at |
|
\newline |
|
http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ . |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html |
|
. |
|
If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the |
|
FAQ by submitting a new pending question. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems, |
|
available through the |
|
\series bold |
|
EditXML |
|
\series default |
|
buttons. |
|
Covering the XML format is beyond the scope of this manual, but you can |
|
learn a lot by using the editor to make changes and seeing what happens |
|
to the XML. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{} |
Formula Response |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
Problems |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 262 |
|
file formulaResponse.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Formula Response Problem |
|
\end_float |
|
Formula response problems asks the student to type in a formula as an answer. |
|
If the answer is |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, the student is allowed to type |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2*x*x+4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x*x + x*x + 4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2*x^2 + 14 - 10 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, or any other equivalent expression. |
|
Formula Response problems have many of the same characteristics of Numerical |
|
Response problems, including the ability to run scripts, dynamically generate |
|
answers, etc. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
As you may know, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a given |
|
expression is exactly equal to another expression in general. |
|
For example, is |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( \sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
? Symbolically proving it one way or another is impossible in general. |
|
Therefore, LON-CAPA uses a sampling system. |
|
If your answer and the student's answer agree at the sampling points within |
|
your given tolerance factor, the student's answer will be accepted, otherwise |
|
it will be rejected. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Sampling Specifications |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
To specify where to sample the formulas for determining whether the student's |
|
answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Sample Points |
|
\series default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sample Points} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
field. |
|
The sampling specifications takes the following format: |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
A comma separated list of the variables you wish to interpret, |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
followed by |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
@ |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
(not in quotes), |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons: |
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, which |
|
specifies one sampling point, OR |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed |
|
by a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables, |
|
followed by a #, followed by an integer. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The first form specifies one point to sample. |
|
The second form specifies a range for each variable, and the system will |
|
take as many random samples from that range as the number after the #. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, with one variable |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, one could specify |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x@2 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which will sample the answers only at 2. |
|
(This is generally a bad idea, as the student could get lucky and match |
|
at that point) |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x@1:5#4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
How do I do the things above? |
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x@1:5#4;10 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will takes 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at |
|
10. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+3y^{3} \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which has two variables, one could specify |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Is there any pre-existing documentation for number or formula problems? |
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x,y@4,5:10,12#4;0,0 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which take four samples from the box determined by the points (4, 5) and |
|
(10, 12), and also sample the point (0, 0). |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Formula Notes |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Is there any pre-existing documentation for maps et al? I seem to have exhausted |
The formula evaluator can not handle things of the form |
the documentation. |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x + - y |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
If you have a random variable that may be positive or negative (as in the |
|
example following this section), you can try wrapping the references to |
|
that variable in parenthesis. |
|
As always, it is a good idea to try out several randomized versions of |
|
your problems to make sure everything works correctly. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
What is the LON-CAPA default resource? If it's free, can just anyone |
|
|
\series bold |
|
Never use relative tolerance in Formula Response problems. |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, in formula response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance, in formula response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
Relative tolerance is poorly defined in Formula Response problems. |
|
Always use absolute tolerance. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Example Formula Response |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A very simple formula response problem: |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$slope = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$yint = &random(-5.0,5.0,.5); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$answer = |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
find and use it |
$slope*x + ($yint) |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, or just |
; |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
use it if they already know where it is |
For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to? |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
? (In other words, how powerful is the search feature?) What's the difference |
|
between free and public? |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Section |
|
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: $answer |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Set the Tolerance to .000001. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Set the |
|
\series bold |
|
Sample Points |
|
\series default |
|
to x@0,1,2,3 . |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
TODO: |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
* Get sampling problem figured out |
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ~ |
|
|
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
\SpecialChar ~ |
|
|
|
\newline |
|
\SpecialChar ~ |
|
|
|
\layout Comment |
|
|
Appendix A: Student Interface |
Appendix A: Student Interface |
\layout Standard |
\layout Comment |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 152 353 |
|
file studentInterface.eps |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Student Remote Control |
Student Remote Control |
Line 2783 The Student Remote Control will automati
|
Line 4777 The Student Remote Control will automati
|
a LON-CAPA course as a student. |
a LON-CAPA course as a student. |
The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author |
The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author |
Remote Control and the following additional functions. |
Remote Control and the following additional functions. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS) |
NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS) |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to directly access resources from the course outline. |
allows you to directly access resources from the course outline. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT) |
ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT) |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course. |
allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
GRDS (MY GRADES) |
GRDS (MY GRADES) |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking. |
allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
SBKM (SET BOOKMARK) |
SBKM (SET BOOKMARK) |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to bookmark pages for easy access. |
allows you to bookmark pages for easy access. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK) |
VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK) |
\series default |
\series default |
displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources. |
displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
ANOT (ANOTATE) |
ANOT (ANOTATE) |
\series default |
\series default |
allows you to create personal notes. |
allows you to create personal notes. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Comment |
|
|
|
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
LOGOUT (LOGOUT) |
LOGOUT (LOGOUT) |
\series default |
\series default |
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system. |
will log you out of the LON-CAPA system. |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \printindex{} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\the_end |
\the_end |