version 1.3, 2002/06/03 05:15:59
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version 1.5, 2002/06/04 21:07:28
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\layout Title |
\layout Title |
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Line 91 Michigan State University
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Line 91 Michigan State University
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Introduction to LON-CAPA |
Introduction to LON-CAPA |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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This is a comment which will not show in any other rendering of this document. |
This is a comment that will not show in any other rendering of this document. |
I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial. |
I will use them to document my observations as I work through this tutorial. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Line 110 IMHO
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Line 110 IMHO
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your |
LON-CAPA is a web-based interface that helps to organize and present your |
course website, deliver and manage problem problems, and manage student |
course website, deliver and manage problems, and manage student enrollment. |
enrollment. |
All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher, |
All author functions are done using a web browser (Netscape 4.x or higher |
a recent Mozilla, or IE 5+ required) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface. |
is recommended) and the LON-CAPA Author Interface. |
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The URL for LON-CAPA is |
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\family typewriter |
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http://s10.lite.msu.edu |
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. |
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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At this time, you should have: |
At this time, you should have: |
Line 140 Throughout this manual, keywords and phr
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Line 134 Throughout this manual, keywords and phr
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bold type |
bold type |
\series default |
\series default |
. |
. |
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Function names and scripts will be shown in a |
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\family typewriter |
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typewriter font |
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\family default |
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. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Chapters |
Much of this document can be used as a tutorial that will introduce you |
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to the authoring system. |
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In particular, chapters |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Author Interface} |
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\end_inset |
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Line 152 Chapters
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Line 153 Chapters
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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comprise a tutorial that will introduce you to the authoring system. |
comprise a basic tutorial that can get you started using LON-CAPA, even |
After that, this document is a reference manual for authoring course materials. |
with no previous LON-CAPA experience. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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For more information, see the website at http://help.loncapa.org/, where you |
For more information, see the website at |
can get help and information. |
\family typewriter |
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http://help.loncapa.org/ |
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\family default |
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, where you can get help. |
If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let |
If you cannot find an answer for your question, please email us and let |
us know, so we put the solution to your problem online. |
us know, so we can put the solution to your problem online for everyone. |
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
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The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
The LON-CAPA Author Interface |
Line 179 Login as Course Author
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Line 183 Login as Course Author
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA. |
To begin using LON-CAPA, you first need to log in to your account on LON-CAPA. |
Open your web browser and navigate to the LON-CAPA URL: |
Open your web browser and navigate to your local LON-CAPA URL. |
\family typewriter |
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http://s10.lite.msu.edu/ |
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\family default |
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. |
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You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure |
You will be presented with a log in screen as in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{LON-CAPA Log in screen} |
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Line 256 remote control
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Line 256 remote control
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complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never, |
complexity of modern remotes, for three major reasons: One, they never, |
ever, ever change. |
ever, ever change. |
Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to |
Two, they provide immense amounts of tactile feedback, allowing one to |
overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowlege into motor |
overcome the complexity of using one by putting the knowledge into motor |
memory. |
memory. |
(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look |
(There are equivalent usability principles in usability, as well; look |
up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing; |
up Fitt's Law, for instance.) Three, they all basically do the same thing; |
Line 287 menu
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Line 287 menu
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remote control space. |
remote control space. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy internet |
In fact, the metaphor is so unsuccessful that any moderately savvy Internet |
user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another |
user will almost immediately come to conceptualize the remote as just another |
list of links, albiet a clumsy and inconvenient one. |
list of links, albeit a clumsy and inconvenient one. |
Why not give them that in the first place? |
Why not give them that in the first place? |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Line 319 remote
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Line 319 remote
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\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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3. |
3. |
By commiting to this |
By committing to this |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
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Line 328 remote control
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Line 328 remote control
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\end_inset |
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layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that |
layout, you commit to a remote control's layout limitations, except that |
an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or wierd |
an actual remote control can get away with a 6pt or smaller font, or weird |
specialized symbols, or whatnot. |
specialized symbols, or whatnot. |
I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get |
I'm looking at a (real) remote control right now that manages to get |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
Line 347 ROLES
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Line 347 ROLES
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
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button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're commiting to something |
button takes up on my printout! So in actuality, you're committing to something |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
no sane remote control designer could deal with. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
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Line 371 ROLES
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Line 371 ROLES
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The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately |
The upshot is that the only upside to the remote control is a moderately |
pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including |
pleasing graphic; the downsides are pretty much everything, up to and including |
possible illegality under accessability laws. |
possible illegality under accessibility laws. |
Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote |
Unfortunately, I do not see any way to salvage any aspect of the remote |
control; it's going to suck until it's replaced. |
control; it's going to suck until it's replaced. |
Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not |
Pleasing graphics are relatively easy to come by nowadays; it should not |
Line 520 Content Page
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Line 520 Content Page
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displays course content. |
displays course content. |
It is essentially a conventional HTML page. |
It is essentially a conventional HTML page. |
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These resources use the extension |
\layout Comment |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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Check this; is it exactly like HTML pages? |
.html |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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A |
A |
Line 567 Sequence
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Line 572 Sequence
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\series default |
\series default |
type represents a programmed series of events. |
type represents a programmed series of events. |
The users of this resource can use buttons on their remote or the NAV button |
The users of this resource can use directional buttons on their remote |
to follow the sequence. |
or the NAV button to follow the sequence. |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
These resources are stored in files that must use the extension |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 578 Sequence
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Line 583 Sequence
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\end_inset |
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. |
. |
\layout Comment |
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What |
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arrow keys |
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? Surely not the ones on the keyboard\SpecialChar \ldots{} |
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\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
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A |
A |
Line 646 Construction Space
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Line 639 Construction Space
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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\end_float |
\layout Standard |
The Construction Space, as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources. |
Contents of the Construction Space: |
The Construction Space consists of a green tool bar at the top of the page |
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and a list of all directories and resources below. |
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\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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\begin_inset Tabular |
\begin_inset Tabular |
<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2"> |
<lyxtabular version="2" rows="10" columns="2"> |
<features rotate="false" islongtable="true" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0"> |
<features rotate="false" islongtable="false" endhead="0" endfirsthead="0" endfoot="0" endlastfoot="0"> |
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special=""> |
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="false" width="" special=""> |
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special=""> |
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="5in" special=""> |
<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false"> |
<row topline="true" bottomline="true" newpage="false"> |
Line 852 Type a name in the entry box to create a
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Line 839 Type a name in the entry box to create a
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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\end_float |
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The Construction Space, as seen in figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Construction Space Figure} |
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\end_inset |
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, is the section of LON-CAPA where you create and manage your course resources. |
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The figure explains what each button does. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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How to Create New Content Pages |
How to Create New Content Pages |
Line 868 Content Pages
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Line 863 Content Pages
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\series default |
\series default |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
are HTML documents that display the course information you are presenting. |
To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
To create new Content Pages, do the following: |
\layout Comment |
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Is step one necessary? I don't see how it could be. |
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\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Click the |
Click the |
Line 899 directory/new_resource.html
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Line 891 directory/new_resource.html
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Press the Return or Enter key. |
Press the Return or Enter key. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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You should see something like the following message: |
You should see something like the following message: File not found: /home/wmson |
\series bold |
j/priv/\SpecialChar \- |
File not found: /home/wmsonj/priv/\SpecialChar \- |
directory/new_resource.html, and an Edit button. |
directory/new_resource.html |
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\series default |
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, and an Edit button. |
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Click the |
Click the |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\series bold |
\end_inset |
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Edit |
Edit |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\series default |
\end_inset |
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button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template. |
button, and an HTML editor will open with a simple page template. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Line 920 Type the content into the editor,
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Line 905 Type the content into the editor,
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\emph on |
\emph on |
OR |
OR |
\emph default |
\emph default |
copy and paste HTML source code into the editor. |
copy and paste HTML source code obtained through the use of some other |
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HTML authoring program into the editor. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Optionally, click the |
Optionally, click the |
Line 1008 Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA
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Line 994 Creating Online Problems Using LON-CAPA
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If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of |
If you're following this as a tutorial, go ahead and make one of each of |
these problem types now. |
these problem types now. |
We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences. |
We'll be using them later as raw material to assemble maps and sequences. |
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\layout Standard |
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While several problem types are listed here, in LON-CAPA, all problems are |
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actually the same. |
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All problems are written in XML, which can be obtained and edited with |
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the |
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\series bold |
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EditXML |
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\series default |
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button you'll see. |
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The problem types listed in this manual are actually just templates. |
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As your knowledge advances, you may wish to play with the XML representation |
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directly to see what you can do. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Problems Types |
Problems Types |
Line 1055 Radio Response
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Line 1054 Radio Response
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foils, True or False. |
foils, True or False. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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Multiple choice problems contain between 3 and 10 foils. |
Multiple choice problems contain between 3 to 10 foils. |
You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system |
You may display from three to five foils for each problem and the system |
randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student. |
randomly picks the choices that are presented to the student. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
Line 1077 Option Response problems present foils t
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Line 1076 Option Response problems present foils t
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pick one to present to the student from each group. |
pick one to present to the student from each group. |
The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible |
The student must match each of his or her questions correctly to the possible |
answers before receiving credit for the problem. |
answers before receiving credit for the problem. |
For more details, see the Create Option Response ( |
For more details, see Create Option Response in section |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Create Option Response Problem} |
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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). |
. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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String Response Problems |
String Response Problems |
Line 1137 Samuel Clements
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Line 1136 Samuel Clements
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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, then the student will definately get it wrong. |
, then the student will definitely get it wrong. |
There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can |
There is some room for flexibility in the string processing, but it can |
be difficult to get it all right. |
be difficult to get it all right. |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
Before you use a String Response problem, be sure you can easily characterize |
Line 1158 Numerical Response
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Line 1157 Numerical Response
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\series default |
\series default |
problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such |
problems are answered by entering a number and (optionally) a unit, such |
as 2.5 m/s^2. |
as 2.5 m/s^2. |
Tolerance and significant digits can be specified as well. |
Tolerance and required significant digits can be specified as well. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
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Formula Response Problems |
Formula Response Problems |
Line 1254 Radio Response Creation Form
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Line 1253 Radio Response Creation Form
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\end_float |
\end_float |
You will need to create the posible answers and the questions. |
You will need to create the possible answers and the questions. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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In the drop-down option box as seen in |
In the drop-down option box as seen in |
Line 1278 Click the
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Line 1277 Click the
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Edit |
Edit |
\series default |
\series default |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
button above the sample problem to enter edit mode. |
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You should see an editing screen like figure |
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\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Radio Response Creation Form} |
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\end_inset |
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. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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In the |
In the |
Line 1512 true
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Line 1517 true
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Napolean conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D. |
Napoleon conquered Japan in the year 189 A.D. |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Line 1542 Option Response
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Line 1547 Option Response
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\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Problems |
Problems |
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\layout Subsubsection |
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Option Response problems with Concept Groups |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
Line 1565 Option Response Problem
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Line 1573 Option Response Problem
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\end_float |
\end_float |
Each Option Response problem has three parts: |
Each Option Response problem can have three parts: |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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The Concept Groups |
The Concept Groups |
Line 1874 To delete the irrelevant options from th
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Line 1882 To delete the irrelevant options from th
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\series bold |
\series bold |
Delete Option |
Delete Option |
\series default |
\series default |
dropdown, and hit the Save Changes button. |
drop down, and hit the Save Changes button. |
Do that for each option you wish to remove. |
Do that for each option you wish to remove. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Line 1926 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
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Line 1934 In the Hint area, provide a helpful hint
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Save Changes |
Save Changes |
\series default |
\series default |
button. |
button. |
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\layout Subsubsection |
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Simple Option Response: No Concept Groups |
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\layout Standard |
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If you select |
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\series bold |
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Simple Option Response |
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\series default |
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from the drop-down box, you get a template that will allow you to enter |
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up to eight foils, and the system will randomly select from these foils, |
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with no grouping. |
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Otherwise, it's identical to Option Response problems. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Creating a String Response Problem |
Creating a String Response Problem |
Line 2073 ci
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Line 2094 ci
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Case Insenstive |
Case Insensitive |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
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Line 2137 Multiple Choice
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Line 2158 Multiple Choice
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. |
. |
The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's, |
The student's answers must contain the same letters as the question author's, |
but order is unimportent. |
but order is unimportant. |
This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's |
This is usually used to give a multiple choice question in the question's |
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\series bold |
\series bold |
Line 2195 abcg
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Line 2216 abcg
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. |
. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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It is conventional to tell the students whether the question is case sensitive |
It is conventional to inform the students if the problem is case sensitive, |
or not. |
or that the order of the answers doesn't matter. |
\end_deeper |
\end_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Line 2207 Single Line Text Entry Area
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Line 2228 Single Line Text Entry Area
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block and set a length in the Size box. |
block and set a length in the Size box. |
This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the |
This will only affect the size of the box on the screen; if you set the |
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer. |
box size to 2, the student can still enter 3 or more letters in their answer. |
\begin_deeper |
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\layout Comment |
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This seems like a great feature to either eliminate, or make useful. |
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Allowing the teacher to limit it to 3, and then not letting the student |
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type more then 3 chars might be a way of giving the student a hint. |
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Probably not worth it, as the problem text can always just say |
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\begin_inset Quotes eld |
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\end_inset |
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Pick two of the following |
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\begin_inset Quotes erd |
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\end_inset |
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. |
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This is probably not a useful feature. |
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\end_deeper |
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\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
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Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students |
Scroll down to the Hint element, and type some text that will help students |
Line 2267 Numerical Response problems are answered
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Line 2271 Numerical Response problems are answered
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Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same |
Creating Numerical Response and Formula Response problems starts the same |
as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response |
as the other problem types, but because of the power of Numerical Response |
and Formula Response problems, it is too difficult to cover them in this |
and Formula Response problems, they are covered in their own section after |
tutorial. |
the end of the tutorial. |
For more information about these problem types, please see section |
For more information about these problem types, please see section |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Numerical Response} |
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Line 2289 In order to make the content you've crea
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Line 2293 In order to make the content you've crea
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you must publish your content. |
you must publish your content. |
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages, |
LON-CAPA provides an easy interface for publishing your content pages, |
problem resources, and sequences. |
problem resources, and sequences. |
A common interface allows you to specify title, author information, keywords, |
You can specify title, author information, keywords, and other metadata. |
and other metadata. |
LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's important to fill |
LON-CAPA uses this metadata for many things, and it's importent to fill |
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the metadata out as accurately as possible. |
the metadata out as accurately as possible. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
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Line 2329 data about data
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Line 2332 data about data
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too stupid to understand the problem statement at all. |
too stupid to understand the problem statement at all. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
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One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a webpage, |
One example of metadata you use all the time is the <TITLE> of a web page, |
which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser. |
which usually shows up in the title bar of the browser. |
That's information about the webpage itself, not actually part of the web |
That's information about the web page itself, not actually part of the |
page. |
web page. |
People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is. |
People use it when they bookmark a page, so they know what the page is. |
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page. |
Search engines use it as a clue about the content of the web page. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
Line 2454 pulley
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Line 2457 pulley
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as a key word. |
as a key word. |
LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click |
LON-CAPA pulls out likely-looking keywords for you so you can just click |
on them to make them keywords. |
on their check boxes to make them keywords. |
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\series bold |
\series bold |
Additional keywords |
Additional keywords |
Line 2471 statics
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Line 2474 statics
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, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics |
, even though it doesn't appear in the original problem, because Physics |
uses that as a classification of problem type. |
uses that as a classification of problem type. |
|
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice. |
Finally, you need to set the copyright and distribution notice. |
Line 2554 Binding Together Resources In One Map: P
|
Line 2556 Binding Together Resources In One Map: P
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 429 66 |
\begin_inset Figure size 238 83 |
file mapEditingButton.eps |
file mapEditorSelection.eps |
|
width 3 40 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2563 flags 9
|
Line 2566 flags 9
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Map Editing Button |
Map Editor Selection |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editing Button Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
To join several resources into one page, you need to create a |
To join several resources into one web page, you need to create a |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Map |
Map |
\series default |
\series default |
Line 2612 page
|
Line 2615 page
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, you should see a screen as in figure |
, you should see a screen as in figure |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editing Button Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
Click the button to get to the sequence editor. |
You can use either the advanced editor or the simplified editor. |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\layout Comment |
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 226 |
|
file mapEditInitial.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 11 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Initial Map Editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
After the system notices the map does not yet exist and creates it for you. |
|
You should the initial map editor as seen in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
The following is a commented-out section of the manual, likely to not be |
Note there are two windows. |
useful. |
One is the workspace, and one is the window which will contain information |
\layout Comment |
as you add resources. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
About The Editor |
About The Editor |
\layout Standard |
\layout Comment |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
Line 2666 Example of the Map Editor
|
Line 2642 Example of the Map Editor
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
Maps are very powerful and can do a lot. |
Maps are very powerful and can do a lot. |
They can make decisions as the user progresses, and go down different paths |
They can make decisions as the user progresses, going down different paths |
under different circumstances. |
under different circumstances. |
For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right, |
For instance, a map can go down one path if the user gets a problem right, |
and another path if they don't. |
and another path if they don't which will provide more help for the student. |
|
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Comment |
|
|
To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor |
To facilitate editing these powerful entities, LON-CAPA has a map editor |
that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure |
that helps you take advantage of this power, as seen in figure |
Line 2697 Finish
|
Line 2673 Finish
|
In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending |
In the example figure, there are two paths the student can go down, depending |
on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct. |
on whether or not they get the problem at the branch point correct. |
By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure. |
By the end of this section, we'll create the map represented in this figure. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Comment |
|
|
The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand |
The branching ability can obviously be used to help the student understand |
the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material |
the concept in the problem by having them go through some extra material |
Line 2705 The branching ability can obviously be u
|
Line 2681 The branching ability can obviously be u
|
only by your imagination. |
only by your imagination. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Creating a Simple Map: Page |
Creating a Simple .page With The Simple Editor |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
To add a resource to the map: |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click on an unused light gray area. |
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 242 |
\begin_inset Figure size 476 250 |
file mapEditFirstClick.eps |
file mapSimpleEditor.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 80 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
Line 2726 flags 9
|
Line 2698 flags 9
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Map Editor after clicking on the box labelled |
Simple Map Editor |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Simple Map Editor} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
here |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_float |
|
After creating a new .page resource and getting the editor selection prompt |
|
(figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
), click the |
|
\series bold |
|
Simple Edit |
|
\series default |
|
button to get to the simple sequence editor, which appears in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Simple Map Editor} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
. |
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Editor First Click Figure} |
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The Simple Editor can create .sequences and .pages which are linear, which |
|
means they have no branches or conditions. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
On the right side of the simple editor is the |
|
\series bold |
|
Target |
|
\series default |
|
, which represents the map you are currently building. |
|
On the left side is the |
|
\series bold |
|
Import |
|
\series default |
|
area, which represents a work area you can use for your convenience to |
|
load and manipulate resource you may wish to include in your map. |
|
Using the three buttons in the middle of the screen, from top to bottom |
|
you can cut things out of the Target, copy from the Target to the Import, |
|
and copy from the Import to the Target, respectively. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
On both sides of the screen, you can do a Group Search and a Group Import. |
|
A Group Search allows you to run a search, then import selected results |
|
from that search into either directly into your Map, or into your Import |
|
space. |
|
Checkboxes will appear next to the results in the Group Search, and you |
|
can click the resource you wish to add to your map. |
|
After you select the resource, you will be presented with a screen that |
|
allows you to change the order of the selected resources, then you will |
|
be able to import the selected resources and work with them. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A Group Import works in a similar fashion, but allows you to use the LON-CAPA |
|
network browser to select your resources. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
On the Import side, you can also browse for another Map, and load the resources |
|
used in that map into your Import workspace. |
|
You can also discard the selected resources, clear all the resources, and |
|
view the selected resource from the buttons on the Import side of the screen. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Both list boxes support standard multi-select mechanisms as used in your |
|
OS. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating a Simple .page With The Advanced Editor |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
After creating a new .page resource and getting the editor selection prompt |
|
(figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor Selection Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
), click the |
|
\series bold |
|
Advanced Edit |
|
\series default |
|
button to get to the advanced sequence editor. |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 205 |
|
file mapAdvancedEditorNew.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 11 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Initial Map Editor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
You should the initial map editor as seen in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Initial Map Editor FIgure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
Note there are two windows. |
|
One is the workspace, and one is a secondary window which will contain |
|
information as you add resources. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 221 |
|
file mapClickedStart.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Clicked Start in the Map Constructor |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Clicked Start Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
In figure |
Click the Start box. |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Editor First Click Figure} |
You'll see what you see in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Clicked Start Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, the map editor after clicking on the area labelled |
. |
|
Click |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
here |
Link Resource |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
is shown. |
in the secondary window, then click on the Finish box. |
In that figure, lines have been added to show where the box boundaries |
\begin_float fig |
are for the purposes of demonstration. |
|
This is to allow you to stay in sync with this tutorial; normally this |
|
doesn't matter. |
|
|
|
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
Note that the contents of the seperate window have changed. |
\begin_inset Figure size 70 210 |
\end_deeper |
file mapStraightened.eps |
|
height 3 25 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Straightened Map |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Striaghtened map} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
After that, click |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
straighten |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
You should see something like figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Striaghtened map} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
This creates a simple map that flows from beginning to end. |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 218 |
\begin_inset Figure size 271 252 |
file mapNewResource.eps |
file mapInsertResource.eps |
width 3 80 |
height 3 30 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2782 flags 9
|
Line 2907 flags 9
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Map Resource Editor |
Inserting a Resource |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Resource Editor Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Inserting a Resource Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
Click on |
To insert a resource into the flow, click the black line with two arrows. |
\series bold |
In the secondary window, you'll see something like figure |
Insert Resource |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Inserting a Resource Figure} |
\series default |
|
in the secondary window. |
|
A |
|
\series bold |
|
Resource |
|
\series default |
|
will appear in the map editor. |
|
Click on the new Resource, and you'll get something like Figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Resource Editor Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
will show appear. |
. |
Click |
Click |
\series bold |
\series bold |
|
Insert Resource Into Link |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A new resource will appear in the link. |
|
Click the resource. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click |
|
\series bold |
Browse |
Browse |
\series default |
\series default |
, and the |
, and the |
Line 2818 Network Directory Browser
|
Line 2943 Network Directory Browser
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 216 |
\begin_inset Figure size 357 162 |
file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps |
file mapEditorDirectoryBrowser.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 60 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2846 Network Directory Browser
|
Line 2971 Network Directory Browser
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 213 |
\begin_inset Figure size 42 252 |
file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps |
file mapEditorResourceChosen.eps |
width 3 80 |
height 3 30 |
flags 9 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
Line 2861 Resource Chosen
|
Line 2986 Resource Chosen
|
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
(HTML page) |
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when |
Once you've done that, if you look back at the window that popped up when |
you clicked on |
you clicked on |
Line 2882 URL
|
Line 3007 URL
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
Title |
Title |
\series default |
\series default |
if you prefer, following the format you see above. |
into the secondary window, if you prefer, following the format you see |
|
above. |
After you click |
After you click |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Save Changes |
Save Changes |
Line 2908 Clicking on the left icon for a resource
|
Line 3034 Clicking on the left icon for a resource
|
\end_deeper |
\end_deeper |
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Let's give practice giving ourselves a bit more space. |
Repeat steps two and three for as many resources as you'd like to bind together |
Click on the grey space just left of your resource, and select |
into one page. |
\series bold |
You can insert the new resources anywhere you'd like. |
Insert Column Right |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
This will add a column to the right of that space. |
|
Now, click on the bottom row in the grey area, and select |
|
\series bold |
|
Insert Row Above |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
This gives us enough space to work with. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
Now, in the map editor window, click just to the left of the |
When you are done adding resources, click the |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Res |
Save Map |
\series default |
\series default |
box. |
link to save the map. |
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 357 190 |
|
file mapSecondWindowSecondResource.eps |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
In addition to manually adding in resources, the Advanced Editor also has |
|
the ability to import resource in the same way that the Simple Editor can: |
|
From a LON-CAPA network browser window, from a Group Search, or from another |
|
Map. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
\layout Caption |
The advanced editor has many more capabilities which you can explore. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Choosing your second resource |
Creating Sequences |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Map Second Resource Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sequence} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\layout Standard |
The secondary window will appear as it does in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Map Second Resource Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
Sequences are a series of resources that can be navigated using the |
|
\series bold |
|
NAV |
|
\series default |
|
remote control button, or by using the arrow keys on the remote control. |
|
Sequence maps are created identically to page maps. |
|
The only difference is how they are displayed. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Creating a Course: Top-level Sequence |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
, but for now just choose |
In order to view sequences, they need to be part of a |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Insert Resource |
course |
\series default |
\series default |
again, not the new options. |
. |
Insert a resource in the same manner as before. |
|
\begin_float fig |
\begin_float fig |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
\align center |
\align center |
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 243 |
\begin_inset Figure size 238 231 |
file mapTwoResources.eps |
file creatingANewCourse.eps |
width 3 80 |
width 3 40 |
flags 11 |
flags 9 |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
\layout Caption |
|
|
Two Resource in the Map Editor |
Creating a New Course |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure} |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Creating a New Course Figure} |
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
\end_float |
You should have something that looks like figure |
Courses have a Top-level Map which defines the whole course. |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Two Resources in the Map Editor Figure} |
This top-level map will often itself contain maps corresponding to homework |
|
assignments or weekly sequences. |
\end_inset |
To view your maps, you will need to make them part of a course. |
|
Only Domain Administrators can make courses and set their Top-level maps, |
, though the exact placement may differ. |
so coordinate with your Domain Administrator if you need to view your maps. |
Now we need to link them together. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Click the Start box. |
|
In the secondary window, select |
|
\series bold |
|
Link Resource |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
The secondary window will prompt you to click on the resource you want |
|
to link it to. |
|
Click the first resource you added to the map. |
|
A new link is created. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Repeat the last step, linking the first resource to the second resource, |
|
and the second resource to |
|
\series bold |
|
Finish |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
Now, in the editor window, click |
|
\series bold |
|
Save Map |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
A dialog box will pop up, telling you the map has been saved. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Now that you |
|
\layout Section |
\layout Section |
|
|
Numerical Response |
Numerical Response |
Line 3030 Numerical Response
|
Line 3119 Numerical Response
|
|
|
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Problems |
And Formula Response Questions |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Numerical Response problems are very powerful. |
Numerical Response problems are very powerful. |
Line 3038 Numerical Response problems are very pow
|
Line 3127 Numerical Response problems are very pow
|
is possible in a document like this. |
is possible in a document like this. |
This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response |
This chapter will focus on just getting you started with Numerical Response |
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite |
problems, and showing you some of the possibilities, with no prerequisite |
knowlege necessary. |
knowledge necessary. |
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do. |
The more you learn, the more you will find you can do. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 3334 t
|
Line 3423 t
|
is interpreted as a percentage. |
is interpreted as a percentage. |
Any number in the tolerance field |
Any number in the tolerance field |
\emph on |
\emph on |
with |
followed by |
\emph default |
\emph default |
a |
a |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Line 3525 A script consists of several
|
Line 3614 A script consists of several
|
\series bold |
\series bold |
statements |
statements |
\series default |
\series default |
, seperated by |
, separated by |
\series bold |
\series bold |
semi-colons |
semi-colons |
\series default |
\series default |
Line 3563 comments
|
Line 3652 comments
|
very |
very |
\emph default |
\emph default |
good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you |
good idea to adopt some sort of commenting standard, especially if you |
are working in a group or others may use your problems in the future. |
are working in a group or you believe other people may use your problems |
\layout Standard |
in the future. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a |
One of the simplest statements in LON-CAPA is a |
\series bold |
\series bold |
Line 3640 case sensitive
|
Line 3730 case sensitive
|
Getting variable names right is a skill. |
Getting variable names right is a skill. |
Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype. |
Variable names should not be too long, because they become easy to mistype. |
Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some |
Variable names should also not be too short, with the exception of some |
conventionally short variable names we'll talk about later. |
conventionally short variable names used in control flow statements, which |
|
are not covered in this manual. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and |
There are many variable naming conventions, covering both how to name and |
how to capatalize variables |
how to capitalize variables |
\begin_float footnote |
\begin_float footnote |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 3721 $variable
|
Line 3812 $variable
|
$variable2 = $variable + 2; |
$variable2 = $variable + 2; |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Now there's a variable called |
Now there is a variable called |
\family typewriter |
\family typewriter |
$variable2 |
$variable2 |
\family default |
\family default |
with the value |
with the the number |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Line 3733 $variable2
|
Line 3824 $variable2
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
as its value. |
|
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Line 3911 View
|
Line 4002 View
|
Calling Functions |
Calling Functions |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Now you've seen how to use variables and stuff, see how to call functions. |
With variables, you can store strings or numbers. |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
Functions |
|
\series default |
|
allow you to manipulate these strings or numbers. |
|
Functions work like mathematical functions: They take some number of arguments |
|
in, and return one argument, usually a number or a string for our purposes. |
|
There are a lot of functions available in LON-CAPA. |
|
You can see a complete list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/hom |
|
ework5.html. |
|
For now, let's just look at some simple examples. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$a = 3; |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$b = &sin($a); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$c = &pow(3, &floor($a)); |
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Some Function Calls |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Some Function Calls Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block, function names start with |
|
\series bold |
|
& |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
Some example function calls are shown in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Some Function Calls Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
You can see that functions can take either variables, numbers, or the results |
|
of other function calls as parameters. |
|
The |
|
\family typewriter |
|
sin |
|
\family default |
|
function returns the sine of an angle expressed in radians. |
|
|
|
\family typewriter |
|
pow |
|
\family default |
|
raises the first parameter to the power of the second parameter. |
|
|
|
\family typewriter |
|
floor |
|
\family default |
|
returns the nearest integer below the parameter, which since 3 is already |
|
an integer is 3. |
\layout Subsubsection |
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
Randomization |
Randomization |
Line 3922 Randomization
|
Line 4078 Randomization
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
One of the most importent functions for LON-CAPA is the RANDOM function. |
For LON-CAPA, one of the most important functions is the |
|
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
function. |
|
Random takes three parameters, a |
|
\emph on |
|
lower limit |
|
\emph default |
|
, an |
|
\emph on |
|
upper limit |
|
\emph default |
|
, and an |
|
\emph on |
|
interval |
|
\emph default |
|
. |
|
The |
|
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
function returns a random value between the upper and lower limit, some |
|
integer number of |
|
\emph on |
|
interval |
|
\emph default |
|
's away from the lower limit. |
|
Thus, for example, |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&random(1,2,.2) |
|
\family default |
|
might return 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2. |
|
|
|
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
uses a uniform distribution. |
|
Other distributions are available in LON-CAPA, and can be found by consulting |
|
the function list. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$a = &random(1,10,1); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$b = &random(-10, -3, 1); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$answer = $a+$b; |
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Sample |
|
\family typewriter |
|
random |
|
\family default |
|
Calls |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Sample Random Calls figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
If you put the script in figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Sample Random Calls figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
into the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
block (replacing whatever contents might be in the block already), you'll |
|
get two random variables $a and $b. |
|
Now, in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
, put |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
What is $a plus $b? |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, and in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
put |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
$answer |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, without the quotes for either of them. |
|
(It is a good idea to create a variable to hold the answer and call it |
|
$answer, or some other reasonably standard name. |
|
Do not try to compute the answer in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
field itself; it will not work as you expect.) Now save the problem and |
|
|
|
\series bold |
|
View |
|
\series default |
|
it. |
|
You'll see a randomized problem. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For each student, the same random number will be used each time they visit |
|
the problem, but each student will get different random numbers. |
|
For any but the simplest random problems, you'll want to see several random |
|
problems to make sure everything is working out correctly. |
|
This is what the |
|
\series bold |
|
Random Seed |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Random Seed} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
field is for. |
|
To see another randomized version of the problem you've just created, put |
|
another number into the |
|
\series bold |
|
Random Seed |
|
\series default |
|
field and hit |
|
\series bold |
|
Change |
|
\series default |
|
. |
|
It doesn't really matter what number you put into the field. |
|
But for any given |
|
\series bold |
|
Random Seed |
|
\series default |
|
with the same problem, you'll see the same randomized problem generated |
|
for you. |
|
(If you change the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, you are no longer guaranteed to get the same problem.) |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you're doing this as a tutorial, try a few random seeds to see what happens. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together |
Dynamic, Randomized Problems: Putting It All Together |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
placeholder |
Now you have all the tools to create those wonderful dynamic, randomized |
|
problems that you've seen in LON-CAPA. |
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 197 |
|
file numericalResponseSlopeProblem.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Slope Problem Parameters |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Slope Problem Parameters Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\end_float |
|
For example, try filling out your problem with the parameters shown in |
|
figure |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{Slope Problem Parameters Figure} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
When creating randomized problems, you want to make sure that the problems |
|
always have an answer. |
|
Consider what might happen if I had chosen the two slopes |
|
\emph on |
|
both |
|
\emph default |
|
with the expression |
|
\family typewriter |
|
&rand(-1,1,.2) |
|
\family default |
|
. |
|
One out of ten students would get a problem where both slopes were equal, |
|
which has either no solution (for unequal y-intercepts) or an infinite |
|
number of solutions (for equal slopes and y-intercepts). |
|
Both of these cause a division-by-zero error on the division that computes |
|
the answer. |
|
There are many ways to avoid this, one of the easiest of which is picking |
|
one slope negative and one positive. |
|
This same problem can show up in many other places, too, so be careful. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Units, Format |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Numerical Response problems can require units. |
|
In the problem editing form, place the desired unit in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Unit |
|
\series default |
|
field. |
|
For information about what units the system accepts, see http://capa4.lite.msu.edu |
|
/demolibrary/Links/UnitsSymbolsT2.html. |
|
The computer will accept the answer in any of its accepted unit formats. |
|
For example, if the answer to a problem is |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
1ft |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, the computer will accept |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
12in |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as correct. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Additionally, you can format the number displayed by the computer as the |
|
answer. |
|
For instance, if the answer is one-third, the computer will display that |
|
it computed |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
.333333333 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
as the answer. |
|
If you'd like to shorten that, you can use the |
|
\series bold |
|
Format |
|
\series default |
|
field. |
|
Format strings like |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2e |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
(without the quotes) will display three significant digits in scientific |
|
notation. |
|
Format strings like |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2f |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
will display three significant digit in traditional notation if possible, |
|
and scientific notation if the number is too large or too small. |
|
You can use any small number that you want instead of |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Subsection |
|
|
For More Information |
For More Information |
Line 3944 Very often, the easiest way to create a
|
Line 4384 Very often, the easiest way to create a
|
|
|
\series default |
\series default |
The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this. |
The more complicated a problem is, the more time you'll save by doing this. |
Also, you may find new ideas you can use and elaborate in your problems. |
You may also find new ideas you can use and elaborate on in your problems. |
\layout Comment |
\layout Comment |
|
|
Is there UI for this? Check. |
Is there UI for this? Check. |
\layout Standard |
\layout Standard |
|
|
The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document. |
The full power of the Perl is well outside the scope of this document. |
Without going into the same level of detail as the previous examples, here's |
Looking in the function list at http://mileva.lite.msu.edu/loncapadocs/homework/ho |
some ideas to stimulate your imagination: |
mework5.html can give you some ideas. |
\layout Itemize |
O'Reilly has some good Perl books. |
|
The Perl 5 Pocket Reference will contain more then what you need to know |
|
to use LON-CAPA, available at http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ . |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
If you have any problems, consult http://help.loncapa.org/fom/cache/5.html |
|
. |
|
If you don't find the answer to your problem, please help us expand the |
|
FAQ by emailing us your question so we can answer it. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Our advanced users often come to prefer the XML interface for the problems, |
|
available through the |
|
\series bold |
|
EditXML |
|
\series default |
|
buttons. |
|
Covering the XML format is beyond the scope of this manual, but you can |
|
learn a lot by using the editor to make changes and seeing what happens |
|
to the XML. |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
Formula Response |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
Problems |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
\begin_float fig |
|
\layout Standard |
|
\align center |
|
|
|
\begin_inset Figure size 476 262 |
|
file formulaResponse.eps |
|
width 3 80 |
|
flags 9 |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\layout Caption |
|
|
|
Formula Response Problem |
|
\end_float |
|
Formula response problems asks the student to type in a formula as an answer. |
|
If the answer is |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
Variable text. |
, the student is allowed to type |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2*x*x+4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x*x + x*x + 4 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
2*x^2 + 14 - 10 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, or any other equivalent expression. |
|
Formula Response problems have many of the same characteristics of Numerical |
|
Response problems, including the ability to run scripts, dynamically generate |
|
answers, etc. |
|
|
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
As you may know, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a given |
|
expression is exactly equal to another expression in general. |
|
For example, is |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( \sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
? Symbolically proving it one way or another is impossible in general. |
|
Therefore, LON-CAPA uses a sampling system. |
|
If your answer and the student's answer agree at the sampling points within |
|
your given tolerance factor, the student's answer will be accepted, otherwise |
|
it will be rejected. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Sampling Specifications |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
To specify where to sample the formulas to determine whether the student's |
|
answer is correct, you need to put a sampling specification in the |
|
\series bold |
|
Sample Points |
|
\series default |
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sample Points} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
field. |
|
The sampling specifications takes the following format: |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Perl has several other data structures which might be of use. |
A comma seperated list of the variables you wish to interpret, |
You may wish to do one of the many simple Perl tutorials on the Web. |
\layout Itemize |
I recommend searching Google for |
|
|
followed by |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
perl tutorial |
@ |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
. |
(not in quotes), |
\layout Section |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Formula Response |
followed by any number of the following two things, separated by semi-colons: |
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Formula Response} |
\begin_deeper |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, which |
|
specifies one sampling point, OR |
|
\layout Enumerate |
|
|
|
a comma separated list of as many numbers as there are variables, followed |
|
a colon, followed by another list of as many numbers as there are variables, |
|
followed by #, followed by an integer. |
|
\end_deeper |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
The first form specifies one point to sample. |
|
The second form specifies a range for each variable, and the system will |
|
take as many random samples from that range as the number after the #. |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
For |
|
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+4 \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, with one variable |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, one could specify |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Formula Response} |
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Problems |
x@2 |
\layout Section |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which will sample the answers only at 2. |
|
(This is generally a bad idea, as the student could get lucky and match |
|
at that point) |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Additional Problem Components |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
Using the |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
Insert |
x@1:5#4;10 |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
menu that appears in many of the problem editors, a wide variety of different |
will take 4 samples from somewhere between 1 and 5, and also sample at |
things can be added to the problems. |
10. |
\layout Section |
\layout Standard |
|
|
Things That Need To Be Added |
For |
\layout Subsection |
\begin_inset Formula \( 2x^{2}+3y^{3} \) |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
LON-CAPA and Units |
, which has two variables, one could specify |
\layout Subsection |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Creating a default metadata file |
|
\layout Subsection |
|
|
|
My questions\SpecialChar \ldots{} |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x,y@4,5:10,12#4;0,0 |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
, which take four samples from the box determined by the points (4, 5) and |
|
(10, 12), and also sample the point (0, 0). |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Formula Notes |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
How do I do the things above? |
The formula evaluator can not handle things of the form |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
x + - y |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
. |
|
If you have a random variable that may be positive or negative (as in the |
|
example following this section), you can try wrapping the references to |
|
that variable in parenthesis. |
|
As always, it is a good idea to try out several randomized versions of |
|
your problems to make sure everything works correctly. |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Is there any pre-existing documentation for number or formula problems? |
|
|
\series bold |
|
Never use relative tolerance in Formula Response problems. |
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tolerance, in formula response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{relative tolerance, in formula response} |
|
|
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
|
\series default |
|
Relative tolerance is poorly defined in Formula Response problems. |
|
Always use absolute tolerance. |
|
\layout Subsubsection |
|
|
|
Example Formula Response |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
A very simple formula response problem: |
|
\layout Standard |
|
|
|
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Script |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$slope = random(-5,5,.5); |
|
\layout LyX-Code |
|
|
|
$yint = random(-5,5,.5); |
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
Is there any pre-existing documentation for maps et al? I seem to have exhausted |
In the |
the documentation. |
\series bold |
|
Text Block |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: |
|
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
For a line with slope $slope and y-intercept $yint, what is y equal to? |
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
|
\end_inset |
|
|
|
|
\layout Itemize |
\layout Itemize |
|
|
What is the LON-CAPA default resource? If it's free, can just anyone |
In the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
|
, place the following: |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\begin_inset Quotes eld |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
find and use it |
$slope*x + ($yint) |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\begin_inset Quotes erd |
\end_inset |
\end_inset |
|
|
, or just |
|
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Set the Tolerance to .000001. |
|
\layout Itemize |
|
|
|
Set the |
|
\series bold |
|
Answer |
|
\series default |
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to |
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between free and public? |
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Sample Points |
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TODO: |
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* Get sampling problem figured out |
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Appendix A: Student Interface |
Appendix A: Student Interface |
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file studentInterface.eps |
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Student Remote Control |
Student Remote Control |
Line 4060 The Student Remote Control will automati
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Line 4757 The Student Remote Control will automati
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a LON-CAPA course as a student. |
a LON-CAPA course as a student. |
The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author |
The Student Remote Control contains most of the functions of the Author |
Remote Control and the following additional functions. |
Remote Control and the following additional functions. |
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NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS) |
NAV (NAVIGATE CONTENTS) |
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allows you to directly access resources from the course outline. |
allows you to directly access resources from the course outline. |
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ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT) |
ARROWS (LEFT and RIGHT) |
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allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course. |
allows you to move to the backward or forward through the course. |
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GRDS (MY GRADES) |
GRDS (MY GRADES) |
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allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking. |
allows you to check your grades in the courses you are taking. |
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SBKM (SET BOOKMARK) |
SBKM (SET BOOKMARK) |
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allows you to bookmark pages for easy access. |
allows you to bookmark pages for easy access. |
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VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK) |
VBKM (VIEW BOOKMARK) |
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displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources. |
displays your bookmarks for easy access to bookmarked resources. |
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ANOT (ANOTATE) |
ANOT (ANOTATE) |
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allows you to create personal notes. |
allows you to create personal notes. |
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