--- loncom/homework/radiobuttonresponse.pm 2012/01/23 12:00:13 1.153.6.4 +++ loncom/homework/radiobuttonresponse.pm 2012/02/05 16:11:57 1.153.6.10 @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA # mutliple choice style responses # -# $Id: radiobuttonresponse.pm,v 1.153.6.4 2012/01/23 12:00:13 foxr Exp $ +# $Id: radiobuttonresponse.pm,v 1.153.6.10 2012/02/05 16:11:57 foxr Exp $ # # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees # @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use HTML::Entities(); use Apache::lonlocal; use Apache::lonnet; use Apache::response; +use Apache::caparesponse; my $default_bubbles_per_line = 10; my @alphabet = ( 'A' .. 'Z' ); # Foil labels. @@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ BEGIN { ('radiobuttonresponse') ); } +#--------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# +# Generic utility subs. + sub bubble_line_count { my ( $numfoils, $bubbles_per_line ) = @_; my $bubble_lines; @@ -53,6 +58,10 @@ sub bubble_line_count { } + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# +# XML handlers. sub start_radiobuttonresponse { my ( $target, $token, $tagstack, $parstack, $parser, $safeeval, $style ) = @_; @@ -246,6 +255,7 @@ sub end_foilgroup { my $part = $Apache::inputtags::part; my $bubbles_per_line = &getbubblesnum( $part, $id ); + if ( $target eq 'grade' || $target eq 'web' || $target eq 'answer' @@ -374,21 +384,25 @@ sub format_prior_answer { } -## -sub displayallfoils { - my ( $direction, $target ) = @_; - my $result; - &Apache::lonxml::debug("survey style display"); - my @names; - if ( $Apache::response::foilgroup{'names'} ) { - @names = @{ $Apache::response::foilgroup{'names'} }; - } +## +# Return the last survey response. The logic is slightly different than that of +# get_last_responses. TODO: See if there are chunks of code betweenthis and +# get_last_reponses that are common and can be factored. +# +# @param $part - Problem part under consideration. +# @param $showanswer - True if answers should be shown. +# @param $id - Problem id. +# +# @return hash reference. +# @retval reference to the has indexed by answer selection that +# indicates the most recent answer. +# +sub get_last_survey_response { + my ($part, $showanswer, $id) = @_; + + my $newvariation; + my $lastresponse; # stringified last response. - my $temp = 0; - my $i = 0; - my $id = $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; - my $part = $Apache::inputtags::part; - my ( $lastresponse, $newvariation, $showanswer ); if ( ( ( @@ -406,7 +420,6 @@ sub displayallfoils { $newvariation = 1; } } - $showanswer = &Apache::response::show_answer(); unless ( ( ( @@ -423,122 +436,275 @@ sub displayallfoils { $lastresponse = $Apache::lonhomework::history{"resource.$part.$id.submission"}; } - if ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) { $result .= ''; } my %lastresponse = &Apache::lonnet::str2hash($lastresponse); + + + return \%lastresponse; + +} +## +# Removes the names from a foil group that are marked as unused. +# +# @param $names - reference to the array of names to filter. +# +# @return arrayref +# @retval reference to the filtered array. +# +sub remove_unused { + my ($names) = @_; + my @result; + + foreach my $name (@{$names}) { + if ($Apache::response::foilgroup{$name . '.value'} ne 'unused') { + push(@result, $name); + } + } + return \@result; +} +## +# Displays all foils in a survey type problem for HTML rendition. +# TODO: See if there is any logic in this sub that can be shared +# with display_foils_html +# +# @param $names - ref to array of names of the foils to display. +# @param $part - Problem part number. +# @param $showanswer - If true, show the answers. +# @param $lastresponse - Ref to the last response hash. +# @param $direction - Display direction of the radiobuttons. +# +# @return string +# @retval HTML required to display the resource in a browser. +# +sub display_survey_html { + my ($names, $part, $showanswer, $lastresponse, $direction) = @_; + my $result; + + # Figure out a few fragments of html that depend onthe + # orientation of the radiobuttons: + # closing_html - HTML to emit at the end of the resource. + # pre_foil - HTML to emit prior to each foil. + # post_foil - HTML to emit following each foil. + # + # The opening HTML is just added to the $result now + # + # Figuring these outin advance compresses the loop over foils into something + # pretty simple: + # + # NOTE: There's probably a really cool way to do this with style sheets + # and picking the selector based on the orientation, if someone wants to puzzle + # that out. In that case, probably the whole thing lives in a
and each + # foil lives in a

+ # + + + my ($opening_html, $closing_html, $pre_foil, $post_foil) = + &html_direction_fragments($direction); + + $result = $opening_html; + + # Different rendering depending on whether answers are shown: + # I played with different factorings but this seems the most concise/clear... + # although I don't like the $showanswer conditino inside the loop. Other things I tried + # - two loops..much longer code..no gain in clarity. + # - Using a visitor patttern passing it the rendering code chunklets and + # an anonymous hash reference for state data etc. Very cool but + # quite a bit more code and quite a bit less clear. + + my $temp = 0; + foreach my $name (@{$names}) { + $result .= $pre_foil; + + if ($showanswer) { + my $foiltext = $Apache::response::foilgroup{$name . '.text'}; + + # Bold the prior response: + + if (defined($lastresponse->{$name})) { + $result .= '' . $foiltext . ''; + } else { + $result .= $foiltext; + } + } else { + $result .= &html_radiobutton( + $part, $Apache::inputtags::response['-1'], $name, $lastresponse, $temp + ); + } + + $result .= $post_foil; + $temp++; + } + + + $result .= $closing_html; + return $result; + +} + +## +# Generate LaTeX for surveys. +# +# @param $names - names of the foils to display. +# @param $showanswer - flag that is true to display answers. +# @param $lastresponse - Reference to a hash the indicates the last response. +# @param $direction - Orientation of foils ('horiztonal' or otherwise). +# @param $venv - LaTeX name for vertical env. +# +# @return string +# @retval LaTeX rendering of the survey question. + +sub latex_survey { + my ($names, $showanswer, $lastresponse, $direction, $venv) = @_; + + my $result; + + + + if ($showanswer) { - foreach my $name (@names) { - if ( $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.value' } ne 'unused' ) - { - if ( ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) && ( $target ne 'tex' ) ) { - $result .= "

"; - } - } - } + + $result .= "\\begin{$venv}"; + foreach my $name (@{$names}) { + + + $result .= '\item \vskip -2mm '; + + if ( defined( $lastresponse->{$name} ) ) { + $result .= '}'; + } + $result .= $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } . ' '; + } + $result .= "\\end{$venv}"; + + } elsif ( $env{'form.pdfFormFields'} eq 'yes' + && $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] eq 'CAN_ANSWER') { + $result .= &display_pdf_form($names, $direction, $venv); + } else { + if ($direction eq 'horizontal') { + my @foil_texts = &get_foil_texts($names); + $result .= &Apache::caparesponse::make_horizontal_latex_bubbles( + $names, \@foil_texts, '$\bigcirc$'); + } else { + $result .= "\\begin{$venv}"; + + my $temp = 0; + my $i = 0; + foreach my $name (@{$names}) { + + $result .= '\item \vskip -2mm '; + + if ($env{'form.pdfFormFields'} ne 'yes' + or $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] ne 'CAN_ANSWER' ) + { + $result .= + '$\bigcirc$' + . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } + . '\\\\'; #' stupid emacs + } + + $i++; + $temp++; + + $result .= '\vskip 0 mm '; + } + $result .= "\\end{$venv}"; + } + + } - else { - foreach my $name (@names) { - if ( $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.value' } ne 'unused' ) - { - if ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) { - $result .= ""; - } - } - else { - $result .= '\vskip 0 mm '; - } - } - } + + return $result; + + +} +## +# Figure out the LaTeX environment in which to wrap the LaTeX vertical output. +# +# @return string +# @retval the environment name. The LaTeX should be wrapped a +# \begin{retval} \end{retval} pair. +# +sub latex_vertical_environment { + if ($env{'form.pdfFormFields'} eq 'yes' + && $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] eq 'CAN_ANSWER') { + return 'itemize'; + } else { + return 'enumerate'; + } +} + +## +# Figure out the key html fragments that depend on the rendering direction: +# +# @param $direction - 'horizontal' for horizontal direction. +# +# @return list +# @retval (part_start, part_end, foil_start, foil_end) +# Where: +# - part_start is the HTML to emit at the start of the part. +# - part_end is the HTML to emit at the end of the part. +# - foil_start is the HTML to emit prior to each foil. +# - foil_end is the HTML to emit after each foil +# +sub html_direction_fragments { + my $direction = shift; + if ($direction eq 'horizontal') { + return ('
"; - } - else { - if ( $target eq 'tex' ) { - $result .= '\item \vskip -2mm '; - } - else { - $result .= "
"; - } - } - if ( defined( $lastresponse{$name} ) ) { - if ( $target eq 'tex' ) { - $result .= '}'; - } - else { - $result .= ''; - } - } - $result .= $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' }; - if ( defined( $lastresponse{$name} ) && ( $target ne 'tex' ) ) { - $result .= ''; - } - if ( ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) && ( $target ne 'tex' ) ) { - $result .= "		"; - } - else { - if ( $target eq 'tex' ) { - if ( $env{'form.pdfFormFields'} eq 'yes' - && $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] eq 'CAN_ANSWER' ) - { - my $fieldname = - $env{'request.symb'} - . '&part_' - . $Apache::inputtags::part - . '&radiobuttonresponse' - . '&HWVAL_' - . $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; - $result .= '\item[{' - . &Apache::lonxml::print_pdf_radiobutton( - $fieldname, $temp ) - . '}]' - . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } - . "\n"; - } - else { - $result .= '\item \vskip -2mm '; - } - } - else { - $result .= "
"; - } - } - if ( $target eq 'tex' ) { - if ( $env{'form.pdfFormFields'} ne 'yes' - or $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] ne 'CAN_ANSWER' ) - { - $result .= - '$\bigcirc$' - . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } - . '\\\\'; #' stupid emacs - } - $i++; - } - else { - $result .= '
', '
', '', ''); + } else { + return ('', '
', '
', ''); + } +} + +## +# +# Displays all the foils of a problem in a format suitable for +# surveys, surveys for credit, anonymous surveys and anonymous surveys for credit. +# +# @param $direction - Display direction of the choices ('horiztonal' or not). +# @param $target - Rendering target. +# +# @return string +# @retval Text that renders for the selected target. +# +sub displayallfoils{ + my ( $direction, $target ) = @_; + my $result; + &Apache::lonxml::debug("survey style display"); + + my @names; + + if ( $Apache::response::foilgroup{'names'} ) { + @names = @{ $Apache::response::foilgroup{'names'} }; } - if ( ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) && ( $target ne 'tex' ) ) { - $result .= ''; + + my $id = $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; + my $part = $Apache::inputtags::part; + + my $showanswer = &Apache::response::show_answer(); + my $lastresponse = &get_last_survey_response($part, $showanswer, $id); + my $used_names = &remove_unused(\@names); + + + if ($target ne 'tex') { + $result .= &display_survey_html( + $used_names, $part, $showanswer, $lastresponse, $direction + ); + } else { + + my $vertical_env = &latex_vertical_environment(); + $result .= &latex_survey( + $used_names, $showanswer, $lastresponse, $direction, $vertical_env + ); + } + + + return $result; } + + sub whichfoils { my ( $max, $randomize ) = @_; @@ -755,6 +921,25 @@ sub whichfoils { &Apache::lonxml::debug("Answer is $answer"); return ( $answer, @whichfalse ); } + +## +# Return a list of foil texts given foil names. +# +# @param $whichfoils - Reference to a list of foil names. +# +# @return array +# @retval foil texts +# +sub get_foil_texts { + my ($whichfoils) = @_; + my @foil_texts; + + foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { + push(@foil_texts, $Apache::response::foilgroup{$name . '.text'}); + } + return @foil_texts; +} + ## # Generate the HTML for a single html foil. # @param $part - The part for which the response is being generated. @@ -832,33 +1017,26 @@ sub get_last_response { # @param $target - Rendition target...there are several html targets. # @param $direction - 'horizontal' if layout is horizontal. # @param $part - Part of the problem that's being displayed. -# @param $solved - Solution state of the problem. # @param $show_answer- True if answers should be shown. # # @return string # @retval generated html. # sub display_foils_html { - my ($whichfoils, $target, $direction, $part, $solved, $show_answer) = @_; + my ($whichfoils, $target, $direction, $part, $show_answer) = @_; my $result; + # if the answers get shown, we need to label each item as correct or # incorrect. - if ($show_answer) { - my $item_pretext = '
'; # html prior to each item - my $item_posttext = ''; # html after each item. - my $finalclose = ''; # html to close off the whole shebang + my ($opening_html, $finalclose, $item_pretext, $item_posttext) = + &html_direction_fragments($direction); + $result .= $opening_html; - # Horizontal layout is a table with each foil in a cell - if ($direction eq 'horizontal') { - $result = ''; - $item_pretext = ''; - $finalclose = '
' . $item_pretext; - $item_posttext = '
'; - } + if ($show_answer) { foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { @@ -892,25 +1070,10 @@ sub display_foils_html { $result .= "\n"; # make the html a bit more readable. } - $result .= $finalclose; } else { - $result .= '
'; # end line prior to foilgroup: - - # Not showing the answers, we need to generate the HTML appropriate - # to allowing the student to respond. - - my $item_pretext; - my $item_posttext; my $lastresponse = &get_last_response($part); - - if ( $direction eq 'horizontal' ) { - $item_pretext = ''; - $item_posttext = ''; - } - else { - $item_pretext = '
'; - } + my $item_no = 0; foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { $result .= $item_pretext; @@ -921,91 +1084,103 @@ sub display_foils_html { $result .= $item_posttext; $item_no++; } - - if ($direction eq 'horizontal' ) { - $result .= ""; - } else { - $result .= "
"; - } + } + $result .= $finalclose; return $result; } ## # Display foils in exam mode for latex # -# @param $whichfoils - Reference to an array that contains the foil names to display +# @param $whichfoils - Reference to an array that contains the foil names to display # @param $bubbles_per_line - Number of bubbles on a line. +# @param $direction - Rendering direction 'horizontal' is what we're looking for. +# @param $venv - Name of LaTeX environment to use for vertical rendering. # # @return string # @return the latex rendering of the exam problem. # -# @note The direction is not honored for exams. The lines reflect the number of -# bubbles on an exam sheet. # sub display_latex_exam { - my ($whichfoils, $bubbles_per_line) = @_; + my ($whichfoils, $bubbles_per_line, $direction, $venv) = @_; my $result; my $numlines; my $bubble_number = 0; my $line = 0; my $i = 0; - # This section puts out the prefix that tells the user - # (if necessary) to only choose one bubble in the next n lines - # for problems with more than one line worth of bubbles in the grid sheet: - - my $numitems = scalar( @{$whichfoils} ); - $numlines = int( $numitems / $bubbles_per_line ); - if ( ( $numitems % $bubbles_per_line ) != 0 ) { - $numlines++; - } - if ( $numlines < 1 ) { - $numlines = 1; - } - if ( $numlines > 1 ) { - my $linetext; - for ( my $i = 0 ; $i < $numlines ; $i++ ) { - $linetext .= $Apache::lonxml::counter + $i . ', '; - } - $linetext =~ s/,\s$//; - $result .= - '\item[\small {\textbf{' - . $linetext . '}}]' - . ' {\footnotesize ' - . &mt( '(Bubble once in [_1] lines)', $numlines ) - . '} \hspace*{\fill} \\\\'; - } - else { - $result .= '\item[\textbf{' . $Apache::lonxml::counter . '}.]'; - } + + if ($direction eq 'horizontal') { - # Now output the bubbles themselves: + # Marshall the display text for each foil and turn things over to + # Apache::response::make_horizontal_bubbles: - foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { - if ( $bubble_number >= $bubbles_per_line ) { - $line++; - $i = 0; - $bubble_number = 0; + my @foil_texts = &get_foil_texts($whichfoils); + $result .= &Apache::caparesponse::make_horizontal_latex_bubbles( + $whichfoils, \@foil_texts, '$\bigcirc$'); + + } else { + $result .= "\\begin{$venv}"; + + # This section puts out the prefix that tells the user + # (if necessary) to only choose one bubble in the next n lines + # for problems with more than one line worth of bubbles in the grid sheet: + + my $numitems = scalar( @{$whichfoils} ); + $numlines = int( $numitems / $bubbles_per_line ); + if ( ( $numitems % $bubbles_per_line ) != 0 ) { + $numlines++; + } + if ( $numlines < 1 ) { + $numlines = 1; } - my $identifier; if ( $numlines > 1 ) { - $identifier = $Apache::lonxml::counter + $line; + my $linetext; + for ( my $i = 0 ; $i < $numlines ; $i++ ) { + $linetext .= $Apache::lonxml::counter + $i . ', '; + } + $linetext =~ s/,\s$//; + $result .= + '\item[\small {\textbf{' + . $linetext . '}}]' + . ' {\footnotesize ' + . &mt( '(Bubble once in [_1] lines)', $numlines ) + . '} \hspace*{\fill} \\\\'; } - $result .= - '{\small \textbf{' - . $identifier - . $alphabet[$i] - . '}}$\bigcirc$' - . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } - . '\\\\'; #' stupid emacs -- it thinks it needs that apostrophe to close the quote + else { + $result .= '\item[\textbf{' . $Apache::lonxml::counter . '}.]'; + } + + # Now output the bubbles themselves: + + foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { + if ( $bubble_number >= $bubbles_per_line ) { + $line++; + $i = 0; + $bubble_number = 0; + } + my $identifier; + if ( $numlines > 1 ) { + $identifier = $Apache::lonxml::counter + $line; + } + $result .= + '{\small \textbf{' + . $identifier + . $alphabet[$i] + . '}}$\bigcirc$' + . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } + . '\\\\'; #' stupid emacs -- it thinks it needs that apostrophe to close the quote + + $i++; + $bubble_number++; + } + $result .= "\\end{$venv}"; - $i++; - $bubble_number++; - } - - return $result; + } + return $result; + } ## @@ -1013,29 +1188,98 @@ sub display_latex_exam { # # @param $whichfoils - The foils to display # @param $direction - Display direction ('horizontal' is what matters to us). -# @param $vbegin - Begin the vertical environment being used. +# @param $venv - Vertical env. to use for vertical rendering. # @param $vend - End the vertical environment being used. # # @return string # @retval - The LaTeX rendering of the resource.' # sub display_latex { - my ($whichfoils, $direction, $vbegin, $vend) = @_; + my ($whichfoils, $direction, $venv) = @_; my $result; - $result .= $vbegin; - foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { - $result .= '\vspace*{-2 mm}\item ' - . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' }; + # how we render depends on the direction. + # Vertical is some kind of list environment determined by vbegin/vend. + # Horizontal is a table that is generated by + # Apache::caparesponse::make_horizontal_latex_bubbles with an empty string + # for the actual bubble text. + + if ($direction eq 'horizontal') { + my @foil_texts = &get_foil_texts($whichfoils); + $result .= &Apache::caparesponse::make_horizontal_latex_bubbles( + $whichfoils, \@foil_texts, ''); + } else { + $result .= "\\begin{$venv}"; + foreach my $name (@{$whichfoils}) { + $result .= '\vspace*{-2 mm}\item ' + . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' }; + } + + $result .= "\\end{$venv}"; } + return $result; +} + + +## +# Render foils for a PDF form. This is a variant of tex rednering that provides +# sufficient markup that the final PDF is a form that can be filled in online, +# or offline. +# +# @param $whichfoils - References an array of foils to display in the order in which +# they should be displayed. +# @param $direction - Rendering direction. 'horiztonal' means inputs are laid out +# horizontally otherwise they are stacked vertically. +# @param $venv - Vertical environment in which to wrap the foils. +# +# @return string +# @retval String containing the rendering of the resource. +# +# TODO: Take into account direction!!! +# +sub display_pdf_form { + my ($whichfoils, $direction, $venv) = @_; + my $temp = 0; + my $result; - $result .= $vend; + $result .= "\\begin{$venv}"; + foreach my $name ( @{$whichfoils} ) { + my $fieldname = + $env{'request.symb'} + . '&part_' + . $Apache::inputtags::part + . '&radiobuttonresponse' + . '&HWVAL_' + . $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; + $result .= '\item[{' + . &Apache::lonxml::print_pdf_radiobutton( $fieldname, + $temp ) + . '}]' + . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } + . "\n"; + + $temp++; + } + $result .= "\\end{$venv}"; + return $result; } ## +# Display selected foils: This is really just a dispatchter to appropriate renderers +# +# @param $target - Target (e.g. 'tex'...). +# @param $answer - True if answers should be shown. +# @param $whichfoils - Array of foil selectors that indicate which foils shouild be +# rendered, in rendering order. +# @param $direction- Rendering direction ('horizontal' is the one we look for, +# otherwise foils are rendered one per line vertically. +# @param $bubbles_per_line - number of exam bubbles per line. +# +# @return string +# @retval The rendered problem. sub displayfoils { my ( $target, $answer, $whichfoils, $direction, $bubbles_per_line ) = @_; @@ -1051,7 +1295,7 @@ sub displayfoils { { $result = &display_foils_html( - $whichfoils, $target, $direction, $part, $solved, 1); + $whichfoils, $target, $direction, $part, 1); # other html } elsif ($target ne 'tex') { @@ -1061,40 +1305,22 @@ sub displayfoils { # LaTeX rendering: } else { - my $i = 0; - my $bubble_number = 0; - my $line = 0; - my $temp = 0; + my $id = $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; my $part = $Apache::inputtags::part; - - - my $numlines; # Decide how to bracket the list of foils: - my $begin_environment; - my $end_environment; + my $vertical_env = &latex_vertical_environment(); - if ( $env{'form.pdfFormFields'} eq 'yes' - && $Apache::inputtags::status[-1] eq 'CAN_ANSWER' ) - { - $begin_environment = '\begin{itemize}'; - $end_environment = '\end{itemize}'; - } - else { - $begin_environment = '\begin{enumerate}'; - $end_environment = '\end{enumerate}'; - } - # Rendering for latex exams. if ( ( $Apache::lonhomework::type eq 'exam' ) ) { - $result .= $begin_environment; - $result .= &display_latex_exam($whichfoils, $bubbles_per_line); - $result .= $end_environment; + $result .= &display_latex_exam( + $whichfoils, $bubbles_per_line, $direction, $vertical_env); + $result .= '\vskip 0mm '; } else { @@ -1106,30 +1332,9 @@ sub displayfoils { if ( ($env{'form.pdfFormFields'} eq 'yes') && ($Apache::inputtags::status[-1] eq 'CAN_ANSWER')) { - $result .= $begin_environment; - foreach my $name ( @{$whichfoils} ) { - - my $fieldname = - $env{'request.symb'} - . '&part_' - . $Apache::inputtags::part - . '&radiobuttonresponse' - . '&HWVAL_' - . $Apache::inputtags::response['-1']; - $result .= '\item[{' - . &Apache::lonxml::print_pdf_radiobutton( $fieldname, - $temp ) - . '}]' - . $Apache::response::foilgroup{ $name . '.text' } - . "\n"; - - $temp++; - } - $result .= $end_environment; + $result .= &display_pdf_form($whichfoils, $direction, $vertical_env); } else { - $result .= &display_latex( - $whichfoils, $direction, $begin_environment, $end_environment - ); + $result .= &display_latex($whichfoils, $direction, $vertical_env ); } $result .= '\vskip 0 mm ';