--- loncom/interface/loncommon.pm	2004/05/03 16:07:18	1.191
+++ loncom/interface/loncommon.pm	2005/05/26 20:49:23	1.262
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
 # a pile of common routines
 #
-# $Id: loncommon.pm,v 1.191 2004/05/03 16:07:18 matthew Exp $
+# $Id: loncommon.pm,v 1.262 2005/05/26 20:49:23 albertel Exp $
 #
 # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
 #
@@ -55,11 +55,10 @@ redundancy from other modules and increa
 package Apache::loncommon;
 
 use strict;
-use Apache::lonnet();
+use Apache::lonnet;
 use GDBM_File;
 use POSIX qw(strftime mktime);
 use Apache::Constants qw(:common :http :methods);
-use Apache::lonmsg();
 use Apache::lonmenu();
 use Apache::lonlocal;
 use HTML::Entities;
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@ my $readit;
 my %language;
 my %supported_language;
 my %cprtag;
+my %scprtag;
 my %fe; my %fd;
 my %category_extensions;
 
@@ -131,6 +131,20 @@ BEGIN {
             close($fh);
         }
     }
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------ source copyrights
+    {
+        my $sourcecopyrightfile = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonIncludes'}.
+                                  '/source_copyright.tab';
+        if ( open (my $fh,"<$sourcecopyrightfile") ) {
+            while (<$fh>) {
+                next if /^\#/;
+                chomp;
+                my ($key,$val)=(split(/\s+/,$_,2));
+                $scprtag{$key}=$val;
+            }
+            close($fh);
+        }
+    }
 
 # -------------------------------------------------------------- domain designs
 
@@ -235,8 +249,11 @@ of the element the selection from the se
 =cut
 
 sub browser_and_searcher_javascript {
+    my ($mode)=@_;
+    if (!defined($mode)) { $mode='edit'; }
     my $resurl=&lastresurl();
     return <<END;
+// <!-- BEGIN LON-CAPA Internal
     var editbrowser = null;
     function openbrowser(formname,elementname,only,omit,titleelement) {
         var url = '$resurl/?';
@@ -244,20 +261,26 @@ sub browser_and_searcher_javascript {
             url += 'launch=1&';
         }
         url += 'catalogmode=interactive&';
-        url += 'mode=edit&';
+        url += 'mode=$mode&';
         url += 'form=' + formname + '&';
         if (only != null) {
             url += 'only=' + only + '&';
-        } 
+        } else {
+            url += 'only=&';
+	}
         if (omit != null) {
             url += 'omit=' + omit + '&';
-        }
+        } else {
+            url += 'omit=&';
+	}
         if (titleelement != null) {
             url += 'titleelement=' + titleelement + '&';
-        }
+        } else {
+	    url += 'titleelement=&';
+	}
         url += 'element=' + elementname + '';
         var title = 'Browser';
-        var options = 'scrollbars=1,resizable=1,menubar=0';
+        var options = 'scrollbars=1,resizable=1,menubar=1,location=1';
         options += ',width=700,height=600';
         editbrowser = open(url,title,options,'1');
         editbrowser.focus();
@@ -269,11 +292,13 @@ sub browser_and_searcher_javascript {
             url += 'launch=1&';
         }
         url += 'catalogmode=interactive&';
-        url += 'mode=edit&';
+        url += 'mode=$mode&';
         url += 'form=' + formname + '&';
         if (titleelement != null) {
             url += 'titleelement=' + titleelement + '&';
-        }
+        } else {
+	    url += 'titleelement=&';
+	}
         url += 'element=' + elementname + '';
         var title = 'Search';
         var options = 'scrollbars=1,resizable=1,menubar=0';
@@ -281,12 +306,13 @@ sub browser_and_searcher_javascript {
         editsearcher = open(url,title,options,'1');
         editsearcher.focus();
     }
+// END LON-CAPA Internal -->
 END
 }
 
 sub lastresurl {
-    if ($ENV{'environment.lastresurl'}) {
-	return $ENV{'environment.lastresurl'}
+    if ($env{'environment.lastresurl'}) {
+	return $env{'environment.lastresurl'}
     } else {
 	return '/res';
     }
@@ -303,9 +329,9 @@ sub storeresurl {
 
 sub studentbrowser_javascript {
    unless (
-            (($ENV{'request.course.id'}) && 
-             (&Apache::lonnet::allowed('srm',$ENV{'request.course.id'})))
-         || ($ENV{'request.role'}=~/^(au|dc|su)/)
+            (($env{'request.course.id'}) && 
+             (&Apache::lonnet::allowed('srm',$env{'request.course.id'})))
+         || ($env{'request.role'}=~/^(au|dc|su)/)
           ) { return ''; }  
    return (<<'ENDSTDBRW');
 <script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" >
@@ -334,14 +360,14 @@ ENDSTDBRW
 
 sub selectstudent_link {
    my ($form,$unameele,$udomele)=@_;
-   if ($ENV{'request.course.id'}) {  
-       unless (&Apache::lonnet::allowed('srm',$ENV{'request.course.id'})) {
+   if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {  
+       unless (&Apache::lonnet::allowed('srm',$env{'request.course.id'})) {
 	   return '';
        }
        return "<a href='".'javascript:openstdbrowser("'.$form.'","'.$unameele.
         '","'.$udomele.'");'."'>".&mt('Select User')."</a>";
    }
-   if ($ENV{'request.role'}=~/^(au|dc|su)/) {
+   if ($env{'request.role'}=~/^(au|dc|su)/) {
        return "<a href='".'javascript:openstdbrowser("'.$form.'","'.$unameele.
         '","'.$udomele.'",1);'."'>".&mt('Select User')."</a>";
    }
@@ -353,7 +379,7 @@ sub coursebrowser_javascript {
    return (<<ENDSTDBRW);
 <script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" >
     var stdeditbrowser;
-    function opencrsbrowser(formname,uname,udom,desc) {
+    function opencrsbrowser(formname,uname,udom,desc,extra_element) {
         var url = '/adm/pickcourse?';
         var filter;
         if (filter != null) {
@@ -370,6 +396,12 @@ sub coursebrowser_javascript {
         url += 'form=' + formname + '&cnumelement='+uname+
 	                            '&cdomelement='+udom+
                                     '&cnameelement='+desc;
+        if (extra_element !=null && extra_element != '' && formname == 'rolechoice') {
+            url += '&roleelement='+extra_element;
+            if (domainfilter == null || domainfilter == '') {
+                url += '&domainfilter='+extra_element;
+            }
+        }
         var title = 'Course_Browser';
         var options = 'scrollbars=1,resizable=1,menubar=0';
         options += ',width=700,height=600';
@@ -381,9 +413,9 @@ ENDSTDBRW
 }
 
 sub selectcourse_link {
-   my ($form,$unameele,$udomele,$desc)=@_;
+   my ($form,$unameele,$udomele,$desc,$extra_element)=@_;
     return "<a href='".'javascript:opencrsbrowser("'.$form.'","'.$unameele.
-        '","'.$udomele.'","'.$desc.'");'."'>".&mt('Select Course')."</a>";
+        '","'.$udomele.'","'.$desc.'","'.$extra_element.'");'."'>".&mt('Select Course')."</a>";
 }
 
 =pod
@@ -466,7 +498,7 @@ sub linked_select_forms {
     my $first = "document.$formname.$firstselectname";
     # output the javascript to do the changing
     my $result = '';
-    $result.="<script>\n";
+    $result.="<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n";
     $result.="var select2data = new Object();\n";
     $" = '","';
     my $debug = '';
@@ -515,7 +547,7 @@ END
     $result .= "<select size=\"1\" name=\"$firstselectname\" onchange=\"select1_changed()\">\n";
     foreach my $value (sort(keys(%$hashref))) {
         $result.="    <option value=\"$value\" ";
-        $result.=" selected=\"true\" " if ($value eq $firstdefault);
+        $result.=" selected=\"selected\" " if ($value eq $firstdefault);
         $result.=">".&mt($hashref->{$value}->{'text'})."</option>\n";
     }
     $result .= "</select>\n";
@@ -525,7 +557,7 @@ END
     my $seconddefault = $hashref->{$firstdefault}->{'default'};
     foreach my $value (sort(keys(%select2))) {
         $result.="    <option value=\"$value\" ";        
-        $result.=" selected=\"true\" " if ($value eq $seconddefault);
+        $result.=" selected=\"selected\" " if ($value eq $seconddefault);
         $result.=">".&mt($select2{$value})."</option>\n";
     }
     $result .= "</select>\n";
@@ -561,8 +593,8 @@ sub help_open_topic {
     my ($topic, $text, $stayOnPage, $width, $height) = @_;
     $text = "" if (not defined $text);
     $stayOnPage = 0 if (not defined $stayOnPage);
-    if ($ENV{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
-	$ENV{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
+    if ($env{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
+	$env{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
 	$stayOnPage=1;
     }
     $width = 350 if (not defined $width);
@@ -594,8 +626,9 @@ sub help_open_topic {
 
     # Add the graphic
     my $title = &mt('Online Help');
+    my $helpicon=&lonhttpdurl("/adm/help/gif/smallHelp.gif");
     $template .= <<"ENDTEMPLATE";
- <a href="$link" title="$title"><image src="/adm/help/gif/smallHelp.gif" border="0" alt="(Help: $topic)" /></a>
+ <a href="$link" title="$title"><img src="$helpicon" border="0" alt="(Help: $topic)" /></a>
 ENDTEMPLATE
     if ($text ne '') { $template.='</td></tr></table>' };
     return $template;
@@ -622,14 +655,100 @@ sub helpLatexCheatsheet {
 	.'</td></tr></table>';
 }
 
+sub help_open_menu {
+    my ($color,$topic,$component_help,$function,$faq,$bug,$stayOnPage,$width,$height,$text) = @_;
+    $text = "" if (not defined $text);
+    $stayOnPage = 0 if (not defined $stayOnPage);
+    if ($env{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
+        $env{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
+        $stayOnPage=1;
+    }
+    $width = 620 if (not defined $width);
+    $height = 600 if (not defined $height);
+    my $link='';
+    my $title = &mt('Get help');
+    my $origurl = $ENV{'REQUEST_URI'};
+    $origurl=~s|^/~|/priv/|;
+    my $timestamp = time;
+    foreach (\$color,\$function,\$topic,\$component_help,\$faq,\$bug,\$origurl) {
+        $$_ = &Apache::lonnet::escape($$_);
+    }
+
+    if (!$stayOnPage) {
+         $link = "javascript:helpMenu('open')";
+    } else {
+        $link = "javascript:helpMenu('display')";
+    }
+    my $banner_link = "/adm/helpmenu?page=banner&color=$color&function=$function&topic=$topic&component_help=$component_help&faq=$faq&bug=$bug&origurl=$origurl&stamp=$timestamp&stayonpage=$stayOnPage";
+    my $details_link = "/adm/helpmenu?page=body&color=$color&function=$function&topic=$topic&component_help=$component_help&faq=$faq&bug=$bug&origurl=$origurl&stamp=$timestamp";
+    my $template;
+    if ($text ne "") {
+	$template .= 
+  "<table bgcolor='#773311' cellspacing='1' cellpadding='1' border='0'><tr>".
+  "<td bgcolor='#886622'><a href=\"$link\"><font color='#FFFFFF' size='2'>$text</font></a>";
+    }
+    my $nothing=&Apache::lonhtmlcommon::javascript_nothing();
+    my $html=&Apache::lonxml::xmlbegin();
+    my $helpicon=&lonhttpdurl("/adm/lonIcons/helpgateway.gif");
+    $template .= <<"ENDTEMPLATE";
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+// <!-- BEGIN LON-CAPA Internal
+// <![CDATA[
+function helpMenu(target) {
+    var caller = this;
+    if (target == 'open') {
+        var newWindow = null;
+        try {
+            newWindow =  window.open($nothing,"helpmenu","HEIGHT=$height,WIDTH=$width,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes" )
+        }
+        catch(error) {
+            writeHelp(caller);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (newWindow) {
+            caller = newWindow;
+        }
+    }
+    writeHelp(caller);
+    return;
+}
+function writeHelp(caller) {
+    caller.document.write('$html<head><title>LON-CAPA Help Menu</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"></head>')
+    caller.document.write("<frameset rows='105,*' border='0'><frame name='bannerframe'  src='$banner_link'><frame name='bodyframe' src='$details_link'></frameset>")
+    caller.document.write("</html>")
+    caller.document.close()
+    caller.focus()
+}
+// ]]>
+// END LON-CAPA Internal -->
+ </script>
+ <a href="$link" title="$title"><img src="$helpicon" border="0" alt="(Help Menu)" /></a>
+ENDTEMPLATE
+    if ($component_help) {
+	if (!$text) {
+	    $template=&help_open_topic($component_help,undef,$stayOnPage,
+				       $width,$height).' '.$template;
+	} else {
+	    my $help_text;
+	    $help_text=&Apache::lonnet::unescape($topic);
+	    $template='<table><tr><td>'.
+		&help_open_topic($component_help,$help_text,$stayOnPage,
+				 $width,$height).'</td><td>'.$template.
+				 '</td></tr></table>';
+	}
+    }
+    if ($text ne '') { $template.='</td></tr></table>' };
+    return $template;
+}
+
 sub help_open_bug {
     my ($topic, $text, $stayOnPage, $width, $height) = @_;
-    unless ($ENV{'user.adv'}) { return ''; }
+    unless ($env{'user.adv'}) { return ''; }
     unless ($Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'BugzillaHost'}) { return ''; }
     $text = "" if (not defined $text);
     $stayOnPage = 0 if (not defined $stayOnPage);
-    if ($ENV{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
-	$ENV{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
+    if ($env{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
+	$env{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
 	$stayOnPage=1;
     }
     $width = 600 if (not defined $width);
@@ -658,8 +777,9 @@ sub help_open_bug {
 
     # Add the graphic
     my $title = &mt('Report a Bug');
+    my $bugicon=&lonhttpdurl("/adm/lonMisc/smallBug.gif");
     $template .= <<"ENDTEMPLATE";
- <a href="$link" title="$title"><image src="/adm/lonMisc/smallBug.gif" border="0" alt="(Bug: $topic)" /></a>
+ <a href="$link" title="$title"><img src="$bugicon" border="0" alt="(Bug: $topic)" /></a>
 ENDTEMPLATE
     if ($text ne '') { $template.='</td></tr></table>' };
     return $template;
@@ -668,12 +788,12 @@ ENDTEMPLATE
 
 sub help_open_faq {
     my ($topic, $text, $stayOnPage, $width, $height) = @_;
-    unless ($ENV{'user.adv'}) { return ''; }
+    unless ($env{'user.adv'}) { return ''; }
     unless ($Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'FAQHost'}) { return ''; }
     $text = "" if (not defined $text);
     $stayOnPage = 0 if (not defined $stayOnPage);
-    if ($ENV{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
-	$ENV{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
+    if ($env{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual' ||
+	$env{'environment.remote'} eq 'off' ) {
 	$stayOnPage=1;
     }
     $width = 350 if (not defined $width);
@@ -702,8 +822,9 @@ sub help_open_faq {
 
     # Add the graphic
     my $title = &mt('View the FAQ');
+    my $faqicon=&lonhttpdurl("/adm/lonMisc/smallFAQ.gif");
     $template .= <<"ENDTEMPLATE";
- <a href="$link" title="$title"><image src="/adm/lonMisc/smallFAQ.gif" border="0" alt="(FAQ: $topic)" /></a>
+ <a href="$link" title="$title"><img src="$faqicon" border="0" alt="(FAQ: $topic)" /></a>
 ENDTEMPLATE
     if ($text ne '') { $template.='</td></tr></table>' };
     return $template;
@@ -715,6 +836,98 @@ ENDTEMPLATE
 
 =pod
 
+=item * change_content_javascript():
+
+This and the next function allow you to create small sections of an
+otherwise static HTML page that you can update on the fly with
+Javascript, even in Netscape 4.
+
+The Javascript fragment returned by this function (no E<lt>scriptE<gt> tag)
+must be written to the HTML page once. It will prove the Javascript
+function "change(name, content)". Calling the change function with the
+name of the section 
+you want to update, matching the name passed to C<changable_area>, and
+the new content you want to put in there, will put the content into
+that area.
+
+B<Note>: Netscape 4 only reserves enough space for the changable area
+to contain room for the original contents. You need to "make space"
+for whatever changes you wish to make, and be B<sure> to check your
+code in Netscape 4. This feature in Netscape 4 is B<not> powerful;
+it's adequate for updating a one-line status display, but little more.
+This script will set the space to 100% width, so you only need to
+worry about height in Netscape 4.
+
+Modern browsers are much less limiting, and if you can commit to the
+user not using Netscape 4, this feature may be used freely with
+pretty much any HTML.
+
+=cut
+
+sub change_content_javascript {
+    # If we're on Netscape 4, we need to use Layer-based code
+    if ($env{'browser.type'} eq 'netscape' &&
+	$env{'browser.version'} =~ /^4\./) {
+	return (<<NETSCAPE4);
+	function change(name, content) {
+	    doc = document.layers[name+"___escape"].layers[0].document;
+	    doc.open();
+	    doc.write(content);
+	    doc.close();
+	}
+NETSCAPE4
+    } else {
+	# Otherwise, we need to use semi-standards-compliant code
+	# (technically, "innerHTML" isn't standard but the equivalent
+	# is really scary, and every useful browser supports it
+	return (<<DOMBASED);
+	function change(name, content) {
+	    element = document.getElementById(name);
+	    element.innerHTML = content;
+	}
+DOMBASED
+    }
+}
+
+=pod
+
+=item * changable_area($name, $origContent):
+
+This provides a "changable area" that can be modified on the fly via
+the Javascript code provided in C<change_content_javascript>. $name is
+the name you will use to reference the area later; do not repeat the
+same name on a given HTML page more then once. $origContent is what
+the area will originally contain, which can be left blank.
+
+=cut
+
+sub changable_area {
+    my ($name, $origContent) = @_;
+
+    if ($env{'browser.type'} eq 'netscape' &&
+	$env{'browser.version'} =~ /^4\./) {
+	# If this is netscape 4, we need to use the Layer tag
+	return "<ilayer width='100%' id='${name}___escape' overflow='none'><layer width='100%' id='$name' overflow='none'>$origContent</layer></ilayer>";
+    } else {
+	return "<span id='$name'>$origContent</span>";
+    }
+}
+
+=pod
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Excel and CSV file utility routines
+
+=over 4
+
+=cut
+
+###############################################################
+###############################################################
+
+=pod
+
 =item * csv_translate($text) 
 
 Translate $text to allow it to be output as a 'comma separated values' 
@@ -727,11 +940,10 @@ format.
 sub csv_translate {
     my $text = shift;
     $text =~ s/\"/\"\"/g;
-    $text =~ s/\n//g;
+    $text =~ s/\n/ /g;
     return $text;
 }
 
-
 ###############################################################
 ###############################################################
 
@@ -755,6 +967,10 @@ Currently supported formats:
 
 =item h3
 
+=item h4
+
+=item i
+
 =item date
 
 =back
@@ -777,8 +993,10 @@ sub define_excel_formats {
     $format->{'h1'}   = $workbook->add_format(bold=>1, size=>18);
     $format->{'h2'}   = $workbook->add_format(bold=>1, size=>16);
     $format->{'h3'}   = $workbook->add_format(bold=>1, size=>14);
+    $format->{'h4'}   = $workbook->add_format(bold=>1, size=>12);
+    $format->{'i'}    = $workbook->add_format(italic=>1);
     $format->{'date'} = $workbook->add_format(num_format=>
-                                            'mmm d yyyy hh:mm AM/PM');
+                                            'mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss');
     return $format;
 }
 
@@ -787,84 +1005,83 @@ sub define_excel_formats {
 
 =pod
 
-=item * change_content_javascript():
+=item * create_workbook
 
-This and the next function allow you to create small sections of an
-otherwise static HTML page that you can update on the fly with
-Javascript, even in Netscape 4.
+Create an Excel worksheet.  If it fails, output message on the
+request object and return undefs.
 
-The Javascript fragment returned by this function (no E<lt>scriptE<gt> tag)
-must be written to the HTML page once. It will prove the Javascript
-function "change(name, content)". Calling the change function with the
-name of the section 
-you want to update, matching the name passed to C<changable_area>, and
-the new content you want to put in there, will put the content into
-that area.
+Inputs: Apache request object
 
-B<Note>: Netscape 4 only reserves enough space for the changable area
-to contain room for the original contents. You need to "make space"
-for whatever changes you wish to make, and be B<sure> to check your
-code in Netscape 4. This feature in Netscape 4 is B<not> powerful;
-it's adequate for updating a one-line status display, but little more.
-This script will set the space to 100% width, so you only need to
-worry about height in Netscape 4.
-
-Modern browsers are much less limiting, and if you can commit to the
-user not using Netscape 4, this feature may be used freely with
-pretty much any HTML.
+Returns (undef) on failure, 
+    Excel worksheet object, scalar with filename, and formats 
+    from &Apache::loncommon::define_excel_formats on success
 
 =cut
 
-sub change_content_javascript {
-    # If we're on Netscape 4, we need to use Layer-based code
-    if ($ENV{'browser.type'} eq 'netscape' &&
-	$ENV{'browser.version'} =~ /^4\./) {
-	return (<<NETSCAPE4);
-	function change(name, content) {
-	    doc = document.layers[name+"___escape"].layers[0].document;
-	    doc.open();
-	    doc.write(content);
-	    doc.close();
-	}
-NETSCAPE4
-    } else {
-	# Otherwise, we need to use semi-standards-compliant code
-	# (technically, "innerHTML" isn't standard but the equivalent
-	# is really scary, and every useful browser supports it
-	return (<<DOMBASED);
-	function change(name, content) {
-	    element = document.getElementById(name);
-	    element.innerHTML = content;
-	}
-DOMBASED
+###############################################################
+###############################################################
+sub create_workbook {
+    my ($r) = @_;
+        #
+    # Create the excel spreadsheet
+    my $filename = '/prtspool/'.
+        $env{'user.name'}.'_'.$env{'user.domain'}.'_'.
+        time.'_'.rand(1000000000).'.xls';
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('/home/httpd'.$filename);
+    if (! defined($workbook)) {
+        $r->log_error("Error creating excel spreadsheet $filename: $!");
+        $r->print('<p>'.&mt("Unable to create new Excel file.  ".
+                            "This error has been logged.  ".
+                            "Please alert your LON-CAPA administrator").
+                  '</p>');
+        return (undef);
     }
+    #
+    $workbook->set_tempdir('/home/httpd/perl/tmp');
+    #
+    my $format = &Apache::loncommon::define_excel_formats($workbook);
+    return ($workbook,$filename,$format);
 }
 
+###############################################################
+###############################################################
+
 =pod
 
-=item * changable_area($name, $origContent):
+=item * create_text_file
 
-This provides a "changable area" that can be modified on the fly via
-the Javascript code provided in C<change_content_javascript>. $name is
-the name you will use to reference the area later; do not repeat the
-same name on a given HTML page more then once. $origContent is what
-the area will originally contain, which can be left blank.
+Create a file to write to and eventually make available to the usre.
+If file creation fails, outputs an error message on the request object and 
+return undefs.
 
-=cut
+Inputs: Apache request object, and file suffix
 
-sub changable_area {
-    my ($name, $origContent) = @_;
+Returns (undef) on failure, 
+    Filehandle and filename on success.
 
-    if ($ENV{'browser.type'} eq 'netscape' &&
-	$ENV{'browser.version'} =~ /^4\./) {
-	# If this is netscape 4, we need to use the Layer tag
-	return "<ilayer width='100%' id='${name}___escape' overflow='none'><layer width='100%' id='$name' overflow='none'>$origContent</layer></ilayer>";
-    } else {
-	return "<span id='$name'>$origContent</span>";
+=cut
+
+###############################################################
+###############################################################
+sub create_text_file {
+    my ($r,$suffix) = @_;
+    if (! defined($suffix)) { $suffix = 'txt'; };
+    my $fh;
+    my $filename = '/prtspool/'.
+        $env{'user.name'}.'_'.$env{'user.domain'}.'_'.
+        time.'_'.rand(1000000000).'.'.$suffix;
+    $fh = Apache::File->new('>/home/httpd'.$filename);
+    if (! defined($fh)) {
+        $r->log_error("Couldn't open $filename for output $!");
+        $r->print("Problems occured in creating the output file.  ".
+                  "This error has been logged.  ".
+                  "Please alert your LON-CAPA administrator.");
     }
+    return ($fh,$filename)
 }
 
-=pod
+
+=pod 
 
 =back
 
@@ -926,7 +1143,7 @@ sub multiple_select_form {
     $output.="\n<select name='$name' size='$size' multiple='1'>";
     foreach (sort(keys(%hash))) {
         $output.='<option value="'.$_.'" ';
-        $output.='selected ' if ($selected{$_});
+        $output.='selected="selected" ' if ($selected{$_});
         $output.='>'.$hash{$_}."</option>\n";
     }
     $output.="</select>\n";
@@ -957,7 +1174,7 @@ sub select_form {
     }
     foreach (@keys) {
         $selectform.="<option value=\"$_\" ".
-            ($_ eq $def ? 'selected' : '').
+            ($_ eq $def ? 'selected="selected" ' : '').
                 ">".&mt($hash{$_})."</option>\n";
     }
     $selectform.="</select>";
@@ -994,7 +1211,7 @@ sub select_level_form {
     my $selectform = "<select name=\"$name\" size=\"1\">\n";
     for (my $i=0; $i<=18; $i++) {
         $selectform.="<option value=\"$i\" ".
-            ($i==$deflevel ? 'selected' : '').
+            ($i==$deflevel ? 'selected="selected" ' : '').
                 ">".&gradeleveldescription($i)."</option>\n";
     }
     $selectform.="</select>";
@@ -1024,7 +1241,7 @@ sub select_dom_form {
     my $selectdomain = "<select name=\"$name\" size=\"1\">\n";
     foreach (@domains) {
         $selectdomain.="<option value=\"$_\" ".
-            ($_ eq $defdom ? 'selected' : '').
+            ($_ eq $defdom ? 'selected="selected" ' : '').
                 ">$_</option>\n";
     }
     $selectdomain.="</select>";
@@ -1123,9 +1340,11 @@ Outputs:
 ###############################################################
 ###############################################################
 sub decode_user_agent {
+    my ($r)=@_;
     my @browsertype=split(/\&/,$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{"lonBrowsDet"});
     my %mathcap=split(/\&/,$$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{"lonMathML"});
     my $httpbrowser=$ENV{"HTTP_USER_AGENT"};
+    if (!$httpbrowser && $r) { $httpbrowser=$r->header_in('User-Agent'); }
     my $clientbrowser='unknown';
     my $clientversion='0';
     my $clientmathml='';
@@ -1640,21 +1859,26 @@ sub get_related_words {
 
 =over 4
 
-=item * plainname($uname,$udom)
+=item * plainname($uname,$udom,$first)
 
 Takes a users logon name and returns it as a string in
-"first middle last generation" form
+"first middle last generation" form 
+if $first is set to 'lastname' then it returns it as
+'lastname generation, firstname middlename' if their is a lastname
 
 =cut
 
 ###############################################################
 sub plainname {
-    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
+    my ($uname,$udom,$first)=@_;
     my %names=&Apache::lonnet::get('environment',
                     ['firstname','middlename','lastname','generation'],
 					 $udom,$uname);
-    my $name=$names{'firstname'}.' '.$names{'middlename'}.' '.
-	$names{'lastname'}.' '.$names{'generation'};
+    my $name=&Apache::lonnet::format_name($names{'firstname'},
+					  $names{'middlename'},
+					  $names{'lastname'},
+					  $names{'generation'},$first);
+    $name=~s/^\s+//;
     $name=~s/\s+$//;
     $name=~s/\s+/ /g;
     if ($name !~ /\S/) { $name=$uname.'@'.$udom; }
@@ -1680,8 +1904,19 @@ if the user does not
 
 sub nickname {
     my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
-    my %names=&Apache::lonnet::get('environment',
-  ['nickname','firstname','middlename','lastname','generation'],$udom,$uname);
+    my %names;
+    if ($uname eq $env{'user.name'} &&
+	$udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) {
+	%names=('nickname'   => $env{'environment.nickname'}  ,
+		'firstname'  => $env{'environment.firstname'} ,
+		'middlename' => $env{'environment.middlename'},
+		'lastname'   => $env{'environment.lastname'}  ,
+		'generation' => $env{'environment.generation'});
+    } else {
+	%names=&Apache::lonnet::get('environment',
+				    ['nickname','firstname','middlename',
+				     'lastname','generation'],$udom,$uname);
+    }
     my $name=$names{'nickname'};
     if ($name) {
        $name='&quot;'.$name.'&quot;'; 
@@ -1707,17 +1942,21 @@ Gets a users screenname and returns it a
 
 sub screenname {
     my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
-    my %names=
- &Apache::lonnet::get('environment',['screenname'],$udom,$uname);
+    if ($uname eq $env{'user.name'} &&
+	$udom eq $env{'user.domain'}) {return $env{'environment.screenname'};}
+    my %names=&Apache::lonnet::get('environment',['screenname'],$udom,$uname);
     return $names{'screenname'};
 }
 
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------- Message Wrapper
 
 sub messagewrapper {
-    my ($link,$un,$do)=@_;
+    my ($link,$username,$domain)=@_;
     return 
-"<a href='/adm/email?compose=individual&recname=$un&recdom=$do'>$link</a>";
+        '<a href="/adm/email?compose=individual&'.
+        'recname='.$username.'&recdom='.$domain.'" '.
+        'title="'.&mt('Send message').'">'.$link.'</a>';
 }
 # --------------------------------------------------------------- Notes Wrapper
 
@@ -1730,8 +1969,8 @@ sub noteswrapper {
 
 sub aboutmewrapper {
     my ($link,$username,$domain,$target)=@_;
-    return "<a href='/adm/$domain/$username/aboutme'".
-	($target?" target='$target'":'').">$link</a>";
+    return '<a href="/adm/'.$domain.'/'.$username.'/aboutme"'.
+	($target?' target="$target"':'').' title="'.&mt('View this users personal page').'">'.$link.'</a>';
 }
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------ Syllabus Wrapper
@@ -1742,9 +1981,28 @@ sub syllabuswrapper {
     if ($fontcolor) { 
         $linktext='<font color="'.$fontcolor.'">'.$linktext.'</font>'; 
     }
-    return "<a href='/public/$domain/$coursedir/syllabus'>$linktext</a>";
+    return qq{<a href="/public/$domain/$coursedir/syllabus">$linktext</a>};
 }
 
+sub track_student_link {
+    my ($linktext,$sname,$sdom,$target) = @_;
+    my $link ="/adm/trackstudent";
+    my $title = 'View recent activity';
+    if (defined($sname) && $sname !~ /^\s*$/ &&
+        defined($sdom)  && $sdom  !~ /^\s*$/) {
+        $link .= "?selected_student=$sname:$sdom";
+        $title .= ' of this student';
+    }
+    if (defined($target) && $target !~ /^\s*$/) {
+        $target = qq{target="$target"};
+    } else {
+        $target = '';
+    }
+    return qq{<a href="$link" title="$title" $target>$linktext</a>};
+}
+
+
+
 =pod
 
 =back
@@ -1814,6 +2072,30 @@ sub copyrightdescription {
 
 =pod
 
+=item * source_copyrightids() 
+
+returns list of all source copyrights
+
+=cut
+
+sub source_copyrightids {
+    return sort(keys(%scprtag));
+}
+
+=pod
+
+=item * source_copyrightdescription() 
+
+returns description of a specified source copyright id
+
+=cut
+
+sub source_copyrightdescription {
+    return &mt($scprtag{shift(@_)});
+}
+
+=pod
+
 =item * filecategories() 
 
 returns list of all file categories
@@ -1909,8 +2191,8 @@ sub display_languages {
 	$languages{$_}=1;
     }
     &get_unprocessed_cgi($ENV{'QUERY_STRING'},['displaylanguage']);
-    if ($ENV{'form.displaylanguage'}) {
-	foreach (split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$ENV{'form.displaylanguage'})) {
+    if ($env{'form.displaylanguage'}) {
+	foreach (split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$env{'form.displaylanguage'})) {
 	    $languages{$_}=1;
         }
     }
@@ -1919,24 +2201,24 @@ sub display_languages {
 
 sub preferred_languages {
     my @languages=();
-    if ($ENV{'course.'.$ENV{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) {
+    if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) {
 	@languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,
-	         $ENV{'course.'.$ENV{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}));
+	         $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}));
     }
-    if ($ENV{'environment.languages'}) {
-	@languages=split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$ENV{'environment.languages'});
+    if ($env{'environment.languages'}) {
+	@languages=split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$env{'environment.languages'});
     }
     my $browser=(split(/\;/,$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}))[0];
     if ($browser) {
 	@languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$browser));
     }
-    if ($Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$ENV{'user.domain'}}) {
+    if ($Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$env{'user.domain'}}) {
 	@languages=(@languages,
-		$Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$ENV{'user.domain'}});
+		$Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$env{'user.domain'}});
     }
-    if ($Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$ENV{'request.role.domain'}}) {
+    if ($Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$env{'request.role.domain'}}) {
 	@languages=(@languages,
-		$Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$ENV{'request.role.domain'}});
+		$Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{$env{'request.role.domain'}});
     }
     if ($Apache::lonnet::domain_lang_def{
 	                          $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDefDomain'}}) {
@@ -2115,7 +2397,7 @@ sub get_student_view {
   if (defined($moreenv)) {
       %form=(%form,%{$moreenv});
   }
-  if ($target eq 'tex') {$form{'grade_target'} = 'tex';}
+  if (defined($target)) { $form{'grade_target'} = $target; }
   $feedurl=&Apache::lonnet::clutter($feedurl);
   my $userview=&Apache::lonnet::ssi_body($feedurl,%form);
   $userview=~s/\<body[^\>]*\>//gi;
@@ -2155,7 +2437,7 @@ sub get_student_answers {
 
 =item * &submlink()
 
-Inputs: $text $uname $udom $symb
+Inputs: $text $uname $udom $symb $target
 
 Returns: A link to grades.pm such as to see the SUBM view of a student
 
@@ -2163,15 +2445,64 @@ Returns: A link to grades.pm such as to
 
 ###############################################
 sub submlink {
-    my ($text,$uname,$udom,$symb)=@_;
+    my ($text,$uname,$udom,$symb,$target)=@_;
     if (!($uname && $udom)) {
 	(my $cursymb, my $courseid,$udom,$uname)=
 	    &Apache::lonxml::whichuser($symb);
 	if (!$symb) { $symb=$cursymb; }
     }
-    if (!$symb) { $symb=&symbread(); }
-    return '<a href="/adm/grades?symb='.$symb.'&student='.$uname.
-	'&userdom='.$udom.'&command=submission">'.$text.'</a>';
+    if (!$symb) { $symb=&Apache::lonnet::symbread(); }
+    $symb=&Apache::lonnet::escape($symb);
+    if ($target) { $target="target=\"$target\""; }
+    return '<a href="/adm/grades?&command=submission&'.
+	'symb='.$symb.'&student='.$uname.
+	'&userdom='.$udom.'" '.$target.'>'.$text.'</a>';
+}
+##############################################
+
+=pod
+
+=item * &pgrdlink()
+
+Inputs: $text $uname $udom $symb $target
+
+Returns: A link to grades.pm such as to see the PGRD view of a student
+
+=cut
+
+###############################################
+sub pgrdlink {
+    my $link=&submlink(@_);
+    $link=~s/(&command=submission)/$1&showgrading=yes/;
+    return $link;
+}
+##############################################
+
+=pod
+
+=item * &pprmlink()
+
+Inputs: $text $uname $udom $symb $target
+
+Returns: A link to parmset.pm such as to see the PPRM view of a
+student andn resource
+
+=cut
+
+###############################################
+sub pprmlink {
+    my ($text,$uname,$udom,$symb,$target)=@_;
+    if (!($uname && $udom)) {
+	(my $cursymb, my $courseid,$udom,$uname)=
+	    &Apache::lonxml::whichuser($symb);
+	if (!$symb) { $symb=$cursymb; }
+    }
+    if (!$symb) { $symb=&Apache::lonnet::symbread(); }
+    $symb=&Apache::lonnet::escape($symb);
+    if ($target) { $target="target=\"$target\""; }
+    return '<a href="/adm/parmset?&command=set&'.
+	'symb='.$symb.'&uname='.$uname.
+	'&udom='.$udom.'" '.$target.'>'.$text.'</a>';
 }
 ##############################################
 
@@ -2201,7 +2532,7 @@ sub maketime {
     my %th=@_;
     return POSIX::mktime(
         ($th{'seconds'},$th{'minutes'},$th{'hours'},
-         $th{'day'},$th{'month'}-1,$th{'year'}-1900,0,0,$th{'dlsav'}));
+         $th{'day'},$th{'month'}-1,$th{'year'}-1900,0,0,-1));
 }
 
 #########################################
@@ -2209,9 +2540,9 @@ sub maketime {
 sub findallcourses {
     my %courses=();
     my $now=time;
-    foreach (keys %ENV) {
+    foreach (keys %env) {
 	if ($_=~/^user\.role\.\w+\.\/(\w+)\/(\w+)/) {
-	    my ($starttime,$endtime)=$ENV{$_};
+	    my ($starttime,$endtime)=$env{$_};
             my $active=1;
             if ($starttime) {
 		if ($now<$starttime) { $active=0; }
@@ -2248,9 +2579,9 @@ sub determinedomain {
    if (! $domain) {
         # Determine domain if we have not been given one
         $domain = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDefDomain'};
-        if ($ENV{'user.domain'}) { $domain=$ENV{'user.domain'}; }
-        if ($ENV{'request.role.domain'}) { 
-            $domain=$ENV{'request.role.domain'}; 
+        if ($env{'user.domain'}) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
+        if ($env{'request.role.domain'}) { 
+            $domain=$env{'request.role.domain'}; 
         }
     }
     return $domain;
@@ -2272,10 +2603,8 @@ sub domainlogo {
     my $domain = &determinedomain(shift);    
      # See if there is a logo
     if (-e '/home/httpd/html/adm/lonDomLogos/'.$domain.'.gif') {
-	my $lonhttpdPort=$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonhttpdPort'};
-	if (!defined($lonhttpdPort)) { $lonhttpdPort='8080'; }
-        return '<img src="http://'.$ENV{'HTTP_HOST'}.':'.$lonhttpdPort.
-	    '/adm/lonDomLogos/'.$domain.'.gif" alt="'.$domain.'" />';
+	my $logo=&lonhttpdurl("/adm/lonDomLogos/$domain.gif");
+        return '<img src="'.$logo.'" alt="'.$domain.'" />';
     } elsif(exists($Apache::lonnet::domaindescription{$domain})) {
         return $Apache::lonnet::domaindescription{$domain};
     } else {
@@ -2297,7 +2626,7 @@ Returns: value of designparamter $which
 ##############################################
 sub designparm {
     my ($which,$domain)=@_;
-    if ($ENV{'browser.blackwhite'} eq 'on') {
+    if ($env{'browser.blackwhite'} eq 'on') {
 	if ($which=~/\.(font|alink|vlink|link)$/) {
 	    return '#000000';
 	}
@@ -2308,8 +2637,8 @@ sub designparm {
 	    return '#CCCCCC';
 	}
     }
-    if ($ENV{'environment.color.'.$which}) {
-	return $ENV{'environment.color.'.$which};
+    if ($env{'environment.color.'.$which}) {
+	return $env{'environment.color.'.$which};
     }
     $domain=&determinedomain($domain);
     if ($designhash{$domain.'.'.$which}) {
@@ -2361,7 +2690,7 @@ other decorations will be returned.
 =cut
 
 sub bodytag {
-    my ($title,$function,$addentries,$bodyonly,$domain,$forcereg)=@_;
+    my ($title,$function,$addentries,$bodyonly,$domain,$forcereg,$customtitle)=@_;
     $title=&mt($title);
     $function = &get_users_function() if (!$function);
     my $img=&designparm($function.'.img',$domain);
@@ -2375,16 +2704,16 @@ sub bodytag {
 # Accessibility font enhance
     unless ($addentries) { $addentries=''; }
     my $addstyle='';
-    if ($ENV{'browser.fontenhance'} eq 'on') {
+    if ($env{'browser.fontenhance'} eq 'on') {
 	$addstyle=' font-size: x-large;';
     }
  # role and realm
     my ($role,$realm)
-       =&Apache::lonnet::plaintext((split(/\./,$ENV{'request.role'}))[0]);
+       =&Apache::lonnet::plaintext((split(/\./,$env{'request.role'}))[0]);
 # realm
-    if ($ENV{'request.course.id'}) {
+    if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
 	$realm=
-         $ENV{'course.'.$ENV{'request.course.id'}.'.description'};
+         $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.description'};
     }
     unless ($realm) { $realm='&nbsp;'; }
 # Set messages
@@ -2394,33 +2723,109 @@ sub bodytag {
     if (!defined($lonhttpdPort)) { $lonhttpdPort='8080'; }
 # construct main body tag
     my $bodytag = <<END;
-<style>
+<style type="text/css">
 h1, h2, h3, th { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }
 a:focus { color: red; background: yellow } 
 </style>
 <body bgcolor="$pgbg" text="$font" alink="$alink" vlink="$vlink" link="$link"
 style="margin-top: 0px;$addstyle" $addentries>
 END
+    if ($env{'environment.texengine'} eq 'jsMath') {
+	$bodytag.='<script type="text/javascript">
+                     function NoFontMessage () {}
+                   </script>'."\n".
+	    '<script src="/adm/jsMath/jsMath.js"></script>'."\n";
+    }
+
     my $upperleft='<img src="http://'.$ENV{'HTTP_HOST'}.':'.
                    $lonhttpdPort.$img.'" alt="'.$function.'" />';
     if ($bodyonly) {
         return $bodytag;
-    } elsif ($ENV{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual') {
+    } elsif ($env{'browser.interface'} eq 'textual') {
 # Accessibility
+          
         return $bodytag.&Apache::lonmenu::menubuttons($forcereg,'web',
                                                       $forcereg).
                '<h1>LON-CAPA: '.$title.'</h1>';
-    } elsif ($ENV{'environment.remote'} eq 'off') {
+    } elsif ($env{'environment.remote'} eq 'off') {
 # No Remote
-        return $bodytag.&Apache::lonmenu::menubuttons($forcereg,'web',
-                                                      $forcereg).
-      '<table bgcolor="'.$pgbg.'" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3"><tr><td bgcolor="'.$tabbg.'"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+3" color="'.$font.'"><b>'.$title.
-'</b></font></td></tr></table>';
+	my $roleinfo=(<<ENDROLE);
+<td bgcolor="$tabbg" align="right">
+<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
+    $env{'environment.firstname'}
+    $env{'environment.middlename'}
+    $env{'environment.lastname'}
+    $env{'environment.generation'}
+    </font>&nbsp;
+<br />
+<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">$role</font>&nbsp;
+<br />
+<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">$realm</font>&nbsp;
+</td>
+ENDROLE
+        my $titleinfo = '<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+3" color="'.
+		$font.'"><b>'.$title.'</b></font>';
+        if ($customtitle) {
+            $titleinfo = $customtitle;
+        }
+
+	if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct') {
+	    my ($uname,$thisdisfn)=
+		($env{'request.filename'} =~ m|^/home/([^/]+)/public_html/(.*)|);
+	    my $formaction='/priv/'.$uname.'/'.$thisdisfn;
+	    $formaction=~s/\/+/\//g;
+            unless ($customtitle) {  #this is for resources; directories have customtitle, and crumbs and select recent are created in lonpubdir.pm  
+                my $parentpath = '';
+                my $lastitem = '';
+                if ($thisdisfn =~ m-(.+/)([^/]*)$-) {
+                    $parentpath = $1;
+                    $lastitem = $2;
+                } else {
+                    $lastitem = $thisdisfn;
+                }
+	        $titleinfo = &Apache::loncommon::help_open_menu('','','','',3,'Authoring').
+                      '<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Construction Space</b>:</font>&nbsp;'. 
+                      '<form name="dirs" method="post" action="'.$formaction
+		    .'" target="_top"><tt><b>'
+		    .&Apache::lonhtmlcommon::crumbs($uname.'/'.$parentpath,'_top','/priv','','+1',1)."<font size=\"+1\">$lastitem</font></b></tt><br />"
+		    .&Apache::lonhtmlcommon::select_recent('construct','recent','this.form.action=this.form.recent.value;this.form.submit()')
+		    .'</form>'
+		    .&Apache::lonmenu::constspaceform();
+
+            }
+	    $forcereg=1;
+        }
+        my $titletable = '<table bgcolor="'.$pgbg.'" width="100%" border="0" '.
+                         'cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3">'.
+                         '<tr><td rowspan="3" bgcolor="'.$tabbg.'">'.
+                         $titleinfo.'</td>'.$roleinfo.'</tr></table>';
+        if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct') {
+            $bodytag .= &Apache::lonmenu::menubuttons($forcereg,'web',$forcereg,$titletable);
+	} else {
+            $bodytag .= &Apache::lonmenu::menubuttons($forcereg,'web',$forcereg).
+                        $titletable;
+        }
+        return $bodytag;
     }
 
 #
 # Top frame rendering, Remote is up
 #
+    my $titleinfo = '&nbsp;<font size="5" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>'.$title.'</b></font>';
+    if ($customtitle) {
+        $titleinfo = $customtitle;
+    }
+    #
+    # Extra info if you are the DC
+    my $dc_info = '';
+    if ($env{'user.adv'} && exists($env{'user.role.dc./'.
+                        $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.
+                                 '.domain'}.'/'})) {
+        my $cid = $env{'request.course.id'};
+        $dc_info.= $cid.' '.$env{'course.'.$cid.'.internal.coursecode'};
+        $dc_info = '('.$dc_info.')';
+    }
+    #
     return(<<ENDBODY);
 $bodytag
 <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0">
@@ -2430,13 +2835,13 @@ $upperleft</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="$tabbg">
-&nbsp;<font size="5" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>$title</b></font>
-<td bgcolor="$tabbg" align="right">
+$titleinfo $dc_info
+</td><td bgcolor="$tabbg" align="right">
 <font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
-    $ENV{'environment.firstname'}
-    $ENV{'environment.middlename'}
-    $ENV{'environment.lastname'}
-    $ENV{'environment.generation'}
+    $env{'environment.firstname'}
+    $env{'environment.middlename'}
+    $env{'environment.lastname'}
+    $env{'environment.generation'}
     </font>&nbsp;
 </td>
 </tr>
@@ -2445,11 +2850,45 @@ $upperleft</td>
 </td></tr>
 <tr>
 <td bgcolor="$tabbg" align="right"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">$realm</font>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-</table><br>
+</table><br />
 ENDBODY
 }
 
 ###############################################
+###############################################
+
+=pod
+
+=back
+
+=head1 HTTP Helpers
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * &endbodytag()
+
+Returns a uniform footer for LON-CAPA web pages.
+
+Inputs: 
+
+=over 4
+
+=back
+
+Returns: A uniform footer for LON-CAPA web pages.  
+
+=cut
+
+sub endbodytag {
+    my $endbodytag='</body>';
+    if ($env{'environment.texengine'} eq 'jsMath') {
+	$endbodytag='<script type="text/javascript">jsMath.Process()</script>'.
+	    "\n".$endbodytag;
+    }
+    return $endbodytag;
+}
+
+###############################################
 
 =pod
 
@@ -2463,13 +2902,13 @@ Returns either 'student','coordinator','
 ###############################################
 sub get_users_function {
     my $function = 'student';
-    if ($ENV{'request.role'}=~/^(cc|in|ta|ep)/) {
+    if ($env{'request.role'}=~/^(cc|in|ta|ep)/) {
         $function='coordinator';
     }
-    if ($ENV{'request.role'}=~/^(su|dc|ad|li)/) {
+    if ($env{'request.role'}=~/^(su|dc|ad|li)/) {
         $function='admin';
     }
-    if (($ENV{'request.role'}=~/^(au|ca)/) ||
+    if (($env{'request.role'}=~/^(au|ca)/) ||
         ($ENV{'REQUEST_URI'}=~/^(\/priv|\~)/)) {
         $function='author';
     }
@@ -2478,12 +2917,68 @@ sub get_users_function {
 
 ###############################################
 
+=pod
+
+=item get_sections
+
+Determines all the sections for a course including
+sections with students and sections containing other roles.
+Incoming parameters: domain, course number, reference to 
+section hash (keys to be section/group IDs), reference to 
+array containing roles for which sections should be gathered
+(optional). If the fourth argument is undefined, sections
+are gathered for any role.
+ 
+Returns number of sections.
+
+=cut
+
+###############################################
+sub get_sections {
+    my ($cdom,$cnum,$sectioncount,$possible_roles) = @_;
+    if (!($cdom && $cnum)) { return 0; }
+    my $cid = $cdom.'_'.$cnum;
+    my $numsections = 0;
+
+    if (!defined($possible_roles) || (grep/^st$/,@$possible_roles)) {
+	my ($classlist) = &Apache::loncoursedata::get_classlist($cid,$cdom,$cnum);
+	my $sec_index = &Apache::loncoursedata::CL_SECTION();
+	my $status_index = &Apache::loncoursedata::CL_STATUS();
+	while (my ($student,$data) = each %$classlist) {
+	    my ($section,$status) = ($data->[$sec_index],
+				     $data->[$status_index]);
+	    unless ($section eq '-1' || $section =~ /^\s*$/) {
+		if (!defined($$sectioncount{$section})) { $numsections++; }
+		$$sectioncount{$section}++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    my %courseroles = &Apache::lonnet::dump('nohist_userroles',$cdom,$cnum);
+    foreach my $user (sort(keys(%courseroles))) {
+	if ($user !~ /^(\w{2})/) { next; }
+	my ($role) = ($user =~ /^(\w{2})/);
+	if ($possible_roles && !(grep(/^$role$/,@$possible_roles))) { next; }
+	my $section;
+	if ($role eq 'cr' &&
+	    $user =~ m-^$role/[^/]*/[^/]*/[^/]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\w+)-) {
+	    $section=$1;
+	}
+	if ($user =~ /^$role:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\w+)/) { $section=$1; }
+	if (!defined($section) || $section eq '-1') { next; }
+	if (!defined($$sectioncount{$section})) { $numsections++; } 
+	$$sectioncount{$section}++;
+    }
+    return $numsections;
+}
+
+
 sub get_posted_cgi {
     my $r=shift;
 
     my $buffer;
-    
-    $r->read($buffer,$r->header_in('Content-length'),0);
+    if ($r->header_in('Content-length')) {
+	$r->read($buffer,$r->header_in('Content-length'),0);
+    }
     unless ($buffer=~/^(\-+\w+)\s+Content\-Disposition\:\s*form\-data/si) {
 	my @pairs=split(/&/,$buffer);
 	my $pair;
@@ -2508,8 +3003,8 @@ sub get_posted_cgi {
 		if ($name) {
 		    chomp($value);
 		    if ($fname) {
-			$ENV{"form.$name.filename"}=$fname;
-			$ENV{"form.$name.mimetype"}=$fmime;
+			$env{"form.$name.filename"}=$fname;
+			$env{"form.$name.mimetype"}=$fmime;
 		    } else {
 			$value=~s/\s+$//s;
 		    }
@@ -2541,7 +3036,7 @@ sub get_posted_cgi {
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    $ENV{'request.method'}=$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'};
+    $env{'request.method'}=$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'};
     $r->method_number(M_GET);
     $r->method('GET');
     $r->headers_in->unset('Content-length');
@@ -2551,14 +3046,14 @@ sub get_posted_cgi {
 
 =item * get_unprocessed_cgi($query,$possible_names)
 
-Modify the %ENV hash to contain unprocessed CGI form parameters held in
+Modify the %env hash to contain unprocessed CGI form parameters held in
 $query.  The parameters listed in $possible_names (an array reference),
-will be set in $ENV{'form.name'} if they do not already exist.
+will be set in $env{'form.name'} if they do not already exist.
 
 Typically called with $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'} as the first parameter.  
 $possible_names is an ref to an array of form element names.  As an example:
 get_unprocessed_cgi($ENV{'QUERY_STRING'},['uname','udom']);
-will result in $ENV{'form.uname'} and $ENV{'form.udom'} being set.
+will result in $env{'form.uname'} and $env{'form.udom'} being set.
 
 =cut
 
@@ -2572,7 +3067,7 @@ sub get_unprocessed_cgi {
       $value =~ tr/+/ /;
       $value =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C",hex($1))/eg;
       &Apache::lonxml::debug("Seting :$name: to :$value:");
-      unless (defined($ENV{'form.'.$name})) { &add_to_env('form.'.$name,$value) };
+      unless (defined($env{'form.'.$name})) { &add_to_env('form.'.$name,$value) };
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2586,12 +3081,12 @@ returns cache-controlling header code
 =cut
 
 sub cacheheader {
-  unless ($ENV{'request.method'} eq 'GET') { return ''; }
-  my $date=strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT",gmtime);
-  my $output .='<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="'.$date.'" />
+    unless ($env{'request.method'} eq 'GET') { return ''; }
+    my $date=strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT",gmtime);
+    my $output .='<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="'.$date.'" />
                 <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-control" CONTENT="no-cache" />
                 <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache" />';
-  return $output;
+    return $output;
 }
 
 =pod
@@ -2603,16 +3098,18 @@ specifies header code to not have cache
 =cut
 
 sub no_cache {
-  my ($r) = @_;
-  unless ($ENV{'request.method'} eq 'GET') { return ''; }
-  #my $date=strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT",gmtime);
-  $r->no_cache(1);
-  $r->header_out("Pragma" => "no-cache");
-  #$r->header_out("Expires" => $date);
+    my ($r) = @_;
+    if ($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} ne 'GET' &&
+	$env{'request.method'} ne 'GET') { return ''; }
+    my $date=strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT",gmtime(time));
+    $r->no_cache(1);
+    $r->header_out("Expires" => $date);
+    $r->header_out("Pragma" => "no-cache");
 }
 
 sub content_type {
     my ($r,$type,$charset) = @_;
+    if ($env{'browser.mathml'} && $type eq 'text/html') { $type='text/xml'; }
     unless ($charset) {
 	$charset=&Apache::lonlocal::current_encoding;
     }
@@ -2628,7 +3125,7 @@ sub content_type {
 
 =item * add_to_env($name,$value) 
 
-adds $name to the %ENV hash with value
+adds $name to the %env hash with value
 $value, if $name already exists, the entry is converted to an array
 reference and $value is added to the array.
 
@@ -2636,18 +3133,18 @@ reference and $value is added to the arr
 
 sub add_to_env {
   my ($name,$value)=@_;
-  if (defined($ENV{$name})) {
-    if (ref($ENV{$name})) {
+  if (defined($env{$name})) {
+    if (ref($env{$name})) {
       #already have multiple values
-      push(@{ $ENV{$name} },$value);
+      push(@{ $env{$name} },$value);
     } else {
       #first time seeing multiple values, convert hash entry to an arrayref
-      my $first=$ENV{$name};
-      undef($ENV{$name});
-      push(@{ $ENV{$name} },$first,$value);
+      my $first=$env{$name};
+      undef($env{$name});
+      push(@{ $env{$name} },$first,$value);
     }
   } else {
-    $ENV{$name}=$value;
+    $env{$name}=$value;
   }
 }
 
@@ -2655,7 +3152,7 @@ sub add_to_env {
 
 =item * get_env_multiple($name) 
 
-gets $name from the %ENV hash, it seemlessly handles the cases where multiple
+gets $name from the %env hash, it seemlessly handles the cases where multiple
 values may be defined and end up as an array ref.
 
 returns an array of values
@@ -2665,12 +3162,12 @@ returns an array of values
 sub get_env_multiple {
     my ($name) = @_;
     my @values;
-    if (defined($ENV{$name})) {
+    if (defined($env{$name})) {
         # exists is it an array
-        if (ref($ENV{$name})) {
-            @values=@{ $ENV{$name} };
+        if (ref($env{$name})) {
+            @values=@{ $env{$name} };
         } else {
-            $values[0]=$ENV{$name};
+            $values[0]=$env{$name};
         }
     }
     return(@values);
@@ -2688,25 +3185,25 @@ sub get_env_multiple {
 =item * upfile_store($r)
 
 Store uploaded file, $r should be the HTTP Request object,
-needs $ENV{'form.upfile'}
+needs $env{'form.upfile'}
 returns $datatoken to be put into hidden field
 
 =cut
 
 sub upfile_store {
     my $r=shift;
-    $ENV{'form.upfile'}=~s/\r/\n/gs;
-    $ENV{'form.upfile'}=~s/\f/\n/gs;
-    $ENV{'form.upfile'}=~s/\n+/\n/gs;
-    $ENV{'form.upfile'}=~s/\n+$//gs;
+    $env{'form.upfile'}=~s/\r/\n/gs;
+    $env{'form.upfile'}=~s/\f/\n/gs;
+    $env{'form.upfile'}=~s/\n+/\n/gs;
+    $env{'form.upfile'}=~s/\n+$//gs;
 
-    my $datatoken=$ENV{'user.name'}.'_'.$ENV{'user.domain'}.
-	'_enroll_'.$ENV{'request.course.id'}.'_'.time.'_'.$$;
+    my $datatoken=$env{'user.name'}.'_'.$env{'user.domain'}.
+	'_enroll_'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'_'.time.'_'.$$;
     {
         my $datafile = $r->dir_config('lonDaemons').
                            '/tmp/'.$datatoken.'.tmp';
         if ( open(my $fh,">$datafile") ) {
-            print $fh $ENV{'form.upfile'};
+            print $fh $env{'form.upfile'};
             close($fh);
         }
     }
@@ -2718,8 +3215,8 @@ sub upfile_store {
 =item * load_tmp_file($r)
 
 Load uploaded file from tmp, $r should be the HTTP Request object,
-needs $ENV{'form.datatoken'},
-sets $ENV{'form.upfile'} to the contents of the file
+needs $env{'form.datatoken'},
+sets $env{'form.upfile'} to the contents of the file
 
 =cut
 
@@ -2728,13 +3225,13 @@ sub load_tmp_file {
     my @studentdata=();
     {
         my $studentfile = $r->dir_config('lonDaemons').
-                              '/tmp/'.$ENV{'form.datatoken'}.'.tmp';
+                              '/tmp/'.$env{'form.datatoken'}.'.tmp';
         if ( open(my $fh,"<$studentfile") ) {
             @studentdata=<$fh>;
             close($fh);
         }
     }
-    $ENV{'form.upfile'}=join('',@studentdata);
+    $env{'form.upfile'}=join('',@studentdata);
 }
 
 =pod
@@ -2743,14 +3240,19 @@ sub load_tmp_file {
 
 Separate uploaded file into records
 returns array of records,
-needs $ENV{'form.upfile'} and $ENV{'form.upfiletype'}
+needs $env{'form.upfile'} and $env{'form.upfiletype'}
 
 =cut
 
 sub upfile_record_sep {
-    if ($ENV{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'xml') {
+    if ($env{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'xml') {
     } else {
-	return split(/\n/,$ENV{'form.upfile'});
+	my @records;
+	foreach my $line (split(/\n/,$env{'form.upfile'})) {
+	    if ($line=~/^\s*$/) { next; }
+	    push(@records,$line);
+	}
+	return @records;
     }
 }
 
@@ -2758,15 +3260,15 @@ sub upfile_record_sep {
 
 =item * record_sep($record)
 
-Separate a record into fields $record should be an item from the upfile_record_sep(), needs $ENV{'form.upfiletype'}
+Separate a record into fields $record should be an item from the upfile_record_sep(), needs $env{'form.upfiletype'}
 
 =cut
 
 sub record_sep {
     my $record=shift;
     my %components=();
-    if ($ENV{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'xml') {
-    } elsif ($ENV{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'space') {
+    if ($env{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'xml') {
+    } elsif ($env{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'space') {
         my $i=0;
         foreach (split(/\s+/,$record)) {
             my $field=$_;
@@ -2775,7 +3277,7 @@ sub record_sep {
             $components{$i}=$field;
             $i++;
         }
-    } elsif ($ENV{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'tab') {
+    } elsif ($env{'form.upfiletype'} eq 'tab') {
         my $i=0;
         foreach (split(/\t/,$record)) {
             my $field=$_;
@@ -2908,7 +3410,7 @@ sub csv_print_select_table {
 	$r->print('<option value="none"></option>');
 	foreach (sort({$a <=> $b} keys(%sone))) {
 	    $r->print('<option value="'.$_.'"'.
-                      ($_ eq $defaultcol ? ' selected ' : '').
+                      ($_ eq $defaultcol ? ' selected="selected" ' : '').
                       '>Column '.($_+1).'</option>');
 	}
 	$r->print('</select></td></tr>'."\n");
@@ -2952,7 +3454,7 @@ sub csv_samples_select_table {
 	foreach (@$d) {
 	    my ($value,$display,$defaultcol)=@{ $_ };
 	    $r->print('<option value="'.$value.'"'.
-                      ($i eq $defaultcol ? ' selected ':'').'>'.
+                      ($i eq $defaultcol ? ' selected="selected" ':'').'>'.
                       $display.'</option>');
 	}
 	$r->print('</select></td><td>');
@@ -3083,6 +3585,9 @@ they are plotted.  If undefined, default
 =item @Values: An array of array references.  Each array reference holds data
 to be plotted in a stacked bar chart.
 
+=item If the final element of @Values is a hash reference the key/value
+pairs will be added to the graph definition.
+
 =back
 
 Returns:
@@ -3103,13 +3608,28 @@ sub DrawBarGraph {
                   '#66ccff', '#ff9999', '#cccc33', '#660000', '#33cc66',
                   ]; 
     }
+    my $extra_settings = {};
+    if (ref($Values[-1]) eq 'HASH') {
+        $extra_settings = pop(@Values);
+    }
     #
     my $identifier = &get_cgi_id();
     my $id = 'cgi.'.$identifier;        
     if (! @Values || ref($Values[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
         return '';
     }
+    #
+    my @Labels;
+    if (defined($labels)) {
+        @Labels = @$labels;
+    } else {
+        for (my $i=0;$i<@{$Values[0]};$i++) {
+            push (@Labels,$i+1);
+        }
+    }
+    #
     my $NumBars = scalar(@{$Values[0]});
+    if ($NumBars < scalar(@Labels)) { $NumBars = scalar(@Labels); }
     my %ValuesHash;
     my $NumSets=1;
     foreach my $array (@Values) {
@@ -3119,7 +3639,15 @@ sub DrawBarGraph {
     }
     #
     my ($height,$width,$xskip,$bar_width) = (200,120,1,15);
-    if ($NumBars < 10) {
+    if ($NumBars < 3) {
+        $width = 120+$NumBars*32;
+        $xskip = 1;
+        $bar_width = 30;
+    } elsif ($NumBars < 5) {
+        $width = 120+$NumBars*20;
+        $xskip = 1;
+        $bar_width = 20;
+    } elsif ($NumBars < 10) {
         $width = 120+$NumBars*15;
         $xskip = 1;
         $bar_width = 15;
@@ -3137,15 +3665,6 @@ sub DrawBarGraph {
         $bar_width = 4;
     }
     #
-    my @Labels;
-    if (defined($labels)) {
-        @Labels = @$labels;
-    } else {
-        for (my $i=0;$i<@{$Values[0]};$i++) {
-            push (@Labels,$i+1);
-        }
-    }
-    #
     $Max = 1 if ($Max < 1);
     if ( int($Max) < $Max ) {
         $Max++;
@@ -3168,6 +3687,11 @@ sub DrawBarGraph {
     $ValuesHash{$id.'.bar_width'} = $bar_width;
     $ValuesHash{$id.'.labels'} = join(',',@Labels);
     #
+    # Deal with other parameters
+    while (my ($key,$value) = each(%$extra_settings)) {
+        $ValuesHash{$id.'.'.$key} = $value;
+    }
+    #
     &Apache::lonnet::appenv(%ValuesHash);
     return '<img src="/cgi-bin/graph.png?'.$identifier.'" border="1" />';
 }
@@ -3402,8 +3926,8 @@ Inputs:
 sub chartlink {
     my ($linktext, $sname, $sdomain) = @_;
     my $link = '<a href="/adm/statistics?reportSelected=student_assessment'.
-        '&SelectedStudent='.&Apache::lonnet::escape($sname.':'.$sdomain).
-        '&chartoutputmode='.HTML::Entities::encode('html, with all links').
+        '&amp;SelectedStudent='.&Apache::lonnet::escape($sname.':'.$sdomain).
+        '&amp;chartoutputmode='.HTML::Entities::encode('html, with all links').
        '">'.$linktext.'</a>';
 }
 
@@ -3444,34 +3968,34 @@ Returns: both routines return nothing
 sub store_course_settings {
     # save to the environment
     # appenv the same items, just to be safe
-    my $courseid = $ENV{'request.course.id'};
-    my $coursedom = $ENV{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'};
+    my $courseid = $env{'request.course.id'};
+    my $coursedom = $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'};
     my ($prefix,$Settings) = @_;
     my %SaveHash;
     my %AppHash;
     while (my ($setting,$type) = each(%$Settings)) {
         my $basename = 'internal.'.$prefix.'.'.$setting;
         my $envname = 'course.'.$courseid.'.'.$basename;
-        if (exists($ENV{'form.'.$setting})) {
+        if (exists($env{'form.'.$setting})) {
             # Save this value away
             if ($type eq 'scalar' &&
-                (! exists($ENV{$envname}) || 
-                 $ENV{$envname} ne $ENV{'form.'.$setting})) {
-                $SaveHash{$basename} = $ENV{'form.'.$setting};
-                $AppHash{$envname}   = $ENV{'form.'.$setting};
+                (! exists($env{$envname}) || 
+                 $env{$envname} ne $env{'form.'.$setting})) {
+                $SaveHash{$basename} = $env{'form.'.$setting};
+                $AppHash{$envname}   = $env{'form.'.$setting};
             } elsif ($type eq 'array') {
                 my $stored_form;
-                if (ref($ENV{'form.'.$setting})) {
+                if (ref($env{'form.'.$setting})) {
                     $stored_form = join(',',
                                         map {
                                             &Apache::lonnet::escape($_);
-                                        } sort(@{$ENV{'form.'.$setting}}));
+                                        } sort(@{$env{'form.'.$setting}}));
                 } else {
                     $stored_form = 
-                        &Apache::lonnet::escape($ENV{'form.'.$setting});
+                        &Apache::lonnet::escape($env{'form.'.$setting});
                 }
                 # Determine if the array contents are the same.
-                if ($stored_form ne $ENV{$envname}) {
+                if ($stored_form ne $env{$envname}) {
                     $SaveHash{$basename} = $stored_form;
                     $AppHash{$envname}   = $stored_form;
                 }
@@ -3480,7 +4004,7 @@ sub store_course_settings {
     }
     my $put_result = &Apache::lonnet::put('environment',\%SaveHash,
                                           $coursedom,
-                                          $ENV{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'});
+                                          $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'});
     if ($put_result !~ /^(ok|delayed)/) {
         &Apache::lonnet::logthis('unable to save form parameters, '.
                                  'got error:'.$put_result);
@@ -3491,20 +4015,20 @@ sub store_course_settings {
 }
 
 sub restore_course_settings {
-    my $courseid = $ENV{'request.course.id'};
+    my $courseid = $env{'request.course.id'};
     my ($prefix,$Settings) = @_;
     while (my ($setting,$type) = each(%$Settings)) {
-        next if (exists($ENV{'form.'.$setting}));
+        next if (exists($env{'form.'.$setting}));
         my $envname = 'course.'.$courseid.'.internal.'.$prefix.
             '.'.$setting;
-        if (exists($ENV{$envname})) {
+        if (exists($env{$envname})) {
             if ($type eq 'scalar') {
-                $ENV{'form.'.$setting} = $ENV{$envname};
+                $env{'form.'.$setting} = $env{$envname};
             } elsif ($type eq 'array') {
-                $ENV{'form.'.$setting} = [ 
+                $env{'form.'.$setting} = [ 
                                            map { 
                                                &Apache::lonnet::unescape($_); 
-                                           } split(',',$ENV{$envname})
+                                           } split(',',$env{$envname})
                                            ];
             }
         }
@@ -3537,9 +4061,48 @@ sub icon {
 		$curfext.".gif";
 	}
     }
-    return $iconname;
+    return &lonhttpdurl($iconname);
 } 
 
+sub lonhttpdurl {
+    my ($url)=@_;
+    my $lonhttpd_port=$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonhttpdPort'};
+    if (!defined($lonhttpd_port)) { $lonhttpd_port='8080'; }
+    return 'http://'.$ENV{'SERVER_NAME'}.':'.$lonhttpd_port.$url;
+}
+
+sub connection_aborted {
+    my ($r)=@_;
+    $r->print(" ");$r->rflush();
+    my $c = $r->connection;
+    return $c->aborted();
+}
+
+#    Escapes strings that may have embedded 's that will be put into
+#    strings as 'strings'.
+sub escape_single {
+    my ($input) = @_;
+    $input =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;	# Escape the \'s..(must be first)>
+    $input =~ s/\'/\\\'/g;	# Esacpe the 's....
+    return $input;
+}
+
+#  Same as escape_single, but escape's "'s  This 
+#  can be used for  "strings"
+sub escape_double {
+    my ($input) = @_;
+    $input =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;	# Escape the /'s..(must be first)>
+    $input =~ s/\"/\\\"/g;	# Esacpe the "s....
+    return $input;
+}
+ 
+#   Escapes the last element of a full URL.
+sub escape_url {
+    my ($url)   = @_;
+    my @urlslices = split(/\//, $url,-1);
+    my $lastitem = &Apache::lonnet::escape(pop(@urlslices));
+    return join('/',@urlslices).'/'.$lastitem;
+}
 =pod
 
 =back