--- loncom/interface/statistics/lonproblemanalysis.pm 2003/10/30 16:24:36 1.47 +++ loncom/interface/statistics/lonproblemanalysis.pm 2004/01/16 15:33:40 1.54 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA # -# $Id: lonproblemanalysis.pm,v 1.47 2003/10/30 16:24:36 matthew Exp $ +# $Id: lonproblemanalysis.pm,v 1.54 2004/01/16 15:33:40 matthew Exp $ # # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees # @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ # # http://www.lon-capa.org/ # - package Apache::lonproblemanalysis; use strict; @@ -43,14 +42,19 @@ my $plotcolors = ['#33ff00', '#66ccff', '#ff9999', '#cccc33', '#660000', '#33cc66', ]; -my @SubmitButtons = ({ name => 'ProblemAnalyis', +my @SubmitButtons = ({ name => 'PrevProblemAnalysis', + text => 'Previous Problem' }, + { name => 'ProblemAnalysis', text => 'Analyze Problem Again' }, + { name => 'NextProblemAnalysis', + text => 'Next Problem' }, + { name => 'break'}, { name => 'ClearCache', text => 'Clear Caches' }, { name => 'updatecaches', text => 'Update Student Data' }, { name => 'SelectAnother', - text => 'Choose a different resource' }, + text => 'Choose a different Problem' }, { name => 'ExcelOutput', text => 'Produce Excel Output' }); @@ -73,6 +77,20 @@ sub render_resource { sub BuildProblemAnalysisPage { my ($r,$c)=@_; + # + my %Saveable_Parameters = ('Status' => 'scalar', + 'Section' => 'array', + 'NumPlots' => 'scalar', + 'AnalyzeAs' => 'scalar', + 'AnalyzeOver' => 'scalar', + ); + &Apache::loncommon::store_course_settings('problem_analysis', + \%Saveable_Parameters); + &Apache::loncommon::restore_course_settings('problem_analysis', + \%Saveable_Parameters); + # + &Apache::lonstatistics::PrepareClasslist(); + # $r->print('

'.&mt('Option Response Problem Analysis').'

'); $r->print(&CreateInterface()); # @@ -99,37 +117,57 @@ sub BuildProblemAnalysisPage { if (exists($ENV{'form.problemchoice'}) && ! exists($ENV{'form.SelectAnother'})) { foreach my $button (@SubmitButtons) { - $r->print(''); - $r->print(' 'x5); + if ($button->{'name'} eq 'break') { + $r->print("
\n"); + } else { + $r->print(''); + $r->print(' 'x5); + } } - $r->print(''); # $r->print('
'); - # - my ($symb,$part,$resid,$resptype) = &get_problem_symb( - &Apache::lonnet::unescape($ENV{'form.problemchoice'})); $r->rflush(); # - my $resource = &get_resource_from_symb($symb); - if (! defined($resource) || ! defined($resptype)) { + # Determine which problem we are to analyze + my $current_problem = &get_target_from_id($ENV{'form.problemchoice'}); + # + my ($prev,$curr,$next) = &get_prev_curr_next($current_problem); + if (exists($ENV{'form.PrevProblemAnalysis'}) && defined($prev)) { + $current_problem = $prev; + } elsif (exists($ENV{'form.NextProblemAnalysis'}) && defined($next)) { + $current_problem = $next; + } else { + $current_problem = $curr; + } + # + # Store the current problem choice and send it out in the form + $ENV{'form.problemchoice'} = &make_target_id($current_problem); + $r->print(''); + # + if (! defined($current_problem->{'resource'})) { $r->print('resource is undefined'); } else { + my $resource = $current_problem->{'resource'}; $r->print('

'.$resource->{'title'}.'

'); $r->print('

'.$resource->{'src'}.'

'); $r->print(&render_resource($resource)); $r->rflush(); - if ($resptype eq 'option') { - my %Data = &get_OR_problem_data($resource->{'src'}); - my $ProblemData = $Data{$part.'.'.$resid}; - &OptionResponseAnalysis($r,$resource,$resid,$ProblemData, + my %Data = &get_problem_data($resource->{'src'}); + my $ProblemData = $Data{$current_problem->{'part'}. + '.'. + $current_problem->{'respid'}}; + if ($current_problem->{'resptype'} eq 'option') { + &OptionResponseAnalysis($r,$resource, + $current_problem->{'respid'}, + $ProblemData, \@Students); - } elsif ($resptype eq 'radiobutton') { - $r->print('

This analysis is not supported

'); - my %Data = &get_Radio_problem_data($resource->{'src'}); - my $ProblemData = $Data{$part.'.'.$resid}; - &RadioResponseAnalysis($r,$resource,$resid,$ProblemData, + } elsif ($current_problem->{'resptype'} eq 'radiobutton') { + &RadioResponseAnalysis($r,$resource, + $current_problem->{'part'}, + $current_problem->{'respid'}, + $ProblemData, \@Students); } else { $r->print('

This analysis is not supported

'); @@ -145,6 +183,9 @@ sub BuildProblemAnalysisPage { } } +=pod + +Removed code: ######################################################### ######################################################### @@ -154,19 +195,186 @@ sub BuildProblemAnalysisPage { ######################################################### ######################################################### sub RadioResponseAnalysis { - my ($r,$resource,$resid,$ProblemData,$Students) = @_; + my ($r,$resource,$part,$respid,$ProblemData,$Students) = @_; + my $analysis_html; my $PerformanceData = &Apache::loncoursedata::get_response_data - ($Students,$resource->{'symb'},$resid); - if (! ref($PerformanceData)) { - $r->print('

There is no submission data for this resource

'); + ($Students,$resource->{'symb'},$respid); + if (! defined($PerformanceData) || + ref($PerformanceData) ne 'ARRAY' ) { + $analysis_html = '

'. + &mt('There is no submission data for this resource'). + '

'; + $r->print($analysis_html); return; } -# foreach my $row (@$PerformanceData) { -# &Apache::lonnet::logthis('row = '.join(',',@$row)); -# } - return; + if (exists($ENV{'form.ExcelOutput'})) { + $analysis_html .= &RR_Excel_output($r,$resource,$PerformanceData, + $ProblemData); + } elsif ($ENV{'form.AnalyzeOver'} eq 'Tries') { + $analysis_html .= &RR_Tries_Analysis($r,$resource,$PerformanceData, + $ProblemData); + } elsif ($ENV{'form.AnalyzeOver'} eq 'Time') { + $analysis_html .= &RR_Time_Analysis($r,$resource,$PerformanceData, + $ProblemData); + } else { + $analysis_html .= '

'. + &mt('The analysis you have selected is not supported at this time'). + '

'; + } + $r->print($analysis_html); +} + + +sub RR_Excel_output { + my ($r,$PerformanceData,$ProblemData) = @_; + return '

No!

'; +} + +sub RR_Tries_Analysis { + my ($r,$resource,$PerformanceData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $analysis_html; + my $mintries = 1; + my $maxtries = $ENV{'form.NumPlots'}; + my ($table,$Foils,$Concepts) = &build_foil_index($ProblemData); + if ((@$Concepts < 2) && ($ENV{'form.AnalyzeAs'} ne 'Foils')) { + $table = '

'. + &mt('Not enough data for concept analysis. '. + 'Performing Foil Analysis'). + '

'.$table; + $ENV{'form.AnalyzeAs'} = 'Foils'; + } + $analysis_html .= $table; + my @TryData = &RR_tries_data_analysis($r,$PerformanceData); + if ($ENV{'form.AnalyzeAs'} eq 'Foils') { + $analysis_html = &RR_Tries_Foil_Analysis($mintries,$maxtries,$Foils, + \@TryData,$ProblemData); + } else { + $analysis_html = &RR_Tries_Concept_Analysis($mintries,$maxtries, + $Concepts, + \@TryData, + $ProblemData); + } + return $analysis_html; +} + +sub RR_tries_data_analysis { + my ($r,$Attempt_data) = @_; + my @TryData; + foreach my $attempt (@$Attempt_data) { + my %Attempt = &hashify_attempt($attempt); + my ($answer,undef) = split('=',$Attempt{'submission'}); + $TryData[$Attempt{'tries'}]->{$answer}++; + } + return @TryData; +} + +sub RR_Time_Analysis { + my ($r,$PerformanceData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $html; + return $html; +} + +sub RR_Tries_Foil_Analysis { + my ($min,$max,$Foils,$TryData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $html; + # + # Compute the data neccessary to make the plots + for (my $try=$min;$try<=$max;$try++) { + my @PlotData_Correct; + my @PlotData_Incorrect; + next if ($try > scalar(@{$TryData})); + next if (! defined($TryData->[$try-1])); + my %DataSet = %{$TryData->[$try-1]}; + my $total = 0; + foreach my $foilid (@$Foils) { + $total += $DataSet{$foilid}; + } + foreach my $foilid (@$Foils) { + if ($total == 0) { + push (@PlotData_Correct,0); + push (@PlotData_Incorrect,0); + } else { + if ($ProblemData->{'_Foils'}->{$foilid}->{'value'} eq 'true') { + push (@PlotData_Correct, + int(100*$DataSet{$foilid}/$total)); + push (@PlotData_Incorrect,0); + } else { + push (@PlotData_Correct,0); + push (@PlotData_Incorrect, + int(100*$DataSet{$foilid}/$total)); + } + } + } + my $title='Attempt '.$try; + my $xlabel = $total.' Submissions'; + $html.= &Apache::loncommon::DrawBarGraph($title, + $xlabel, + 'Percent Choosing', + 100, + ['#33ff00','#ff3300'], + \@PlotData_Correct, + \@PlotData_Incorrect); + } + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('plot = '.$html); + return $html; +} + +sub RR_Tries_Concept_Analysis { + my ($min,$max,$Concepts,$ResponseData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $html; + return $html; +} + +sub RR_Time_Foil_Analysis { + my ($min,$max,$Foils,$ResponseData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $html; + return $html; +} + +sub RR_Time_Concept_Analysis { + my ($min,$max,$Concepts,$ResponseData,$ProblemData) = @_; + my $html; + return $html; +} + + + +sub get_Radio_problem_data { + my ($url) = @_; + my $Answ=&Apache::lonnet::ssi($url,('grade_target' => 'analyze')); + (my $garbage,$Answ)=split('_HASH_REF__',$Answ,2); + my %Answer = &Apache::lonnet::str2hash($Answ); + my %Partdata; + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('url = '.$url); + foreach my $part (@{$Answer{'parts'}}) { + while (my($key,$value) = each(%Answer)) { +# if (ref($value) eq 'ARRAY') { +# &Apache::lonnet::logthis('is ref part:'.$part.' '.$key.'='.join(',',@$value)); +# } else { +# &Apache::lonnet::logthis('notref part:'.$part.' '.$key.'='.$value); +# } + next if ($key !~ /^$part/); + $key =~ s/^$part\.//; + if ($key eq 'foils') { + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}=$value; + } elsif ($key eq 'options') { + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Options'}=$value; + } elsif ($key eq 'shown') { + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Shown'}=$value; + } elsif ($key =~ /^foil.value.(.*)$/) { + $Partdata{$part}->{$1}->{'value'}=$value; + } elsif ($key =~ /^foil.text.(.*)$/) { + $Partdata{$part}->{$1}->{'text'}=$value; + } + } + } + return %Partdata; } + +=cut + + ######################################################### ######################################################### ## @@ -175,10 +383,10 @@ sub RadioResponseAnalysis { ######################################################### ######################################################### sub OptionResponseAnalysis { - my ($r,$resource,$resid,$ProblemData,$Students) = @_; + my ($r,$resource,$respid,$ProblemData,$Students) = @_; my $PerformanceData = &Apache::loncoursedata::get_response_data - ($Students,$resource->{'symb'},$resid); + ($Students,$resource->{'symb'},$respid); if (! defined($PerformanceData) || ref($PerformanceData) ne 'ARRAY' ) { $r->print('

'. @@ -260,7 +468,7 @@ sub Tries_Foil_Analysis { 100*$ResponseData{$foilid}->[$i]->{'_correct'}/ $ResponseData{$foilid}->[$i]->{'_total'}); } - foreach my $option (@{$ORdata->{'Options'}}) { + foreach my $option (@{$ORdata->{'_Options'}}) { push(@{$PlotData[$i]->{'_total'}}, $ResponseData{$foilid}->[$i]->{'_total'}); if ($ResponseData{$foilid}->[$i]->{'_total'} == 0) { @@ -294,7 +502,7 @@ sub Tries_Foil_Analysis { } my $title = 'Attempt '.$i.', '.$count; my @Datasets; - foreach my $option ('_correct',@{$ORdata->{'Options'}}) { + foreach my $option ('_correct',@{$ORdata->{'_Options'}}) { next if (! exists($PlotData[$i]->{$option})); push(@Datasets,$PlotData[$i]->{$option}); } @@ -523,7 +731,7 @@ sub Foil_Time_Analysis { } my $total_incorrect = $total - $TimeData{$foil}->{'_correct'}; my $optionidx = 1; - foreach my $option (@{$ORdata->{'Options'}}) { + foreach my $option (@{$ORdata->{'_Options'}}) { if ($total_incorrect == 0) { push(@{$Plotdata[$optionidx]},0); } else { @@ -739,7 +947,7 @@ sub build_problem_data_worksheet { @Headers = ('Foil Number','FoilName','Foil Text','Correct value'); } $worksheet->write_row($rows_output++,0,\@Headers,$format->{'header'}); - my %Foildata = %{$ORdata->{'Foils'}}; + my %Foildata = %{$ORdata->{'_Foils'}}; my $conceptindex = 1; my $foilindex = 1; foreach my $concept (@$Concepts) { @@ -787,7 +995,7 @@ sub build_problem_data_worksheet { ## ## Option data output $worksheet->write($rows_output++,0,'Options',$format->{'header'}); - foreach my $string (@{$ORdata->{'Options'}}) { + foreach my $string (@{$ORdata->{'_Options'}}) { $worksheet->write($rows_output++,0,$string); } return 'okay'; @@ -1044,12 +1252,12 @@ sub _adjustment { sub build_foil_index { my ($ORdata) = @_; - return if (! exists($ORdata->{'Foils'})); - my %Foildata = %{$ORdata->{'Foils'}}; + return if (! exists($ORdata->{'_Foils'})); + my %Foildata = %{$ORdata->{'_Foils'}}; my @Foils = sort(keys(%Foildata)); my %Concepts; foreach my $foilid (@Foils) { - push(@{$Concepts{$Foildata{$foilid}->{'Concept'}}}, + push(@{$Concepts{$Foildata{$foilid}->{'_Concept'}}}, $foilid); } undef(@Foils); @@ -1160,7 +1368,7 @@ sub build_option_index { my $table = "\n"; my $optionindex = 0; my @Rows; - foreach my $option (&mt('correct option chosen'),@{$ORdata->{'Options'}}) { + foreach my $option (&mt('correct option chosen'),@{$ORdata->{'_Options'}}) { push (@Rows, ''. '
'. @@ -1223,6 +1431,8 @@ sub CreateInterface { { # These braces are here to organize the code, not scope it. { $Str .= ''.&mt('Analyze Over '); + $Str .= &Apache::loncommon::help_open_topic + ('Analysis_Analyze_Over'); $Str .='
'; + $Str .= ''; + $Str .= '
'; } { $Str .= ''.&mt('Analyze as '); + $Str .= &Apache::loncommon::help_open_topic + ('Analysis_Analyze_as'); $Str .='
'. ''. ''. - ''.$resptype.' '.$res->{'title'}.' '; + ''.$title.' '; +# ''.$resptype.' '.$res->{'title'}.' '; if ($partdata->{'option'} > 1) { $seq_str .= &mt('response').' '.$respid; } @@ -1338,9 +1562,14 @@ sub ProblemSelector { ######################################################### sub get_problem_symb { my $problemstring = shift(); - my ($symb,$partid,$resid,$resptype) = - ($problemstring=~ /^(.*):([^:]*):([^:]*):([^:]*)$/); - return ($symb,$partid,$resid,$resptype); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('problemstring = '.$problemstring); + my ($symb,$partid,$respid,$resptype) = split(':',$problemstring); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis("\n". + join(" --- \n",split(':',$problemstring))); + return ({ symb => $symb, + part => $partid, + respid => $respid, + type => $resptype } ); } sub get_resource_from_symb { @@ -1355,6 +1584,100 @@ sub get_resource_from_symb { return undef; } +sub get_prev_curr_next { + my ($target) = @_; + while(my($k,$v) = each(%$target)) { + &Apache::lonnet::logthis($k.' = '.$v); + } + # + # Build an array with the data we need to search through + my @Resource; + foreach my $seq (&Apache::lonstatistics::Sequences_with_Assess()) { + foreach my $res (@{$seq->{'contents'}}) { + next if ($res->{'type'} ne 'assessment'); + foreach my $part (@{$res->{'parts'}}) { + my $partdata = $res->{'partdata'}->{$part}; + for (my $i=0;$i{'ResponseTypes'}});$i++){ + my $respid = $partdata->{'ResponseIds'}->[$i]; + my $resptype = $partdata->{'ResponseTypes'}->[$i]; + next if ($resptype ne 'option'); + push (@Resource, + { symb => $res->{symb}, + part => $part, + respid => $partdata->{'ResponseIds'}->[$i], + resource => $res, + resptype => $resptype + } ); + } + } + } + } + # + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('size of @Resource = '.scalar(@Resource)); + # + # Get the index of the current situation + my $curr_idx; + for ($curr_idx=0;$curr_idx<$#Resource;$curr_idx++) { + my $curr_item = $Resource[$curr_idx]; + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('-----------------------------------'); + while(my($k,$v) = each(%$curr_item)) { + &Apache::lonnet::logthis($k.' = '.$v); + } + last if ($curr_item->{'symb'} eq $target->{'symb'} && + $curr_item->{'part'} eq $target->{'part'} && + $curr_item->{'respid'} eq $target->{'respid'} && + $curr_item->{'resptype'} eq $target->{'resptype'}); + } + my $curr_item = $Resource[$curr_idx]; + if ($curr_item->{'symb'} ne $target->{'symb'} || + $curr_item->{'part'} ne $target->{'part'} || + $curr_item->{'respid'} ne $target->{'respid'} || + $curr_item->{'resptype'} ne $target->{'resptype'}){ + # bogus symb - return nothing + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('bailing out'); + return (undef,undef,undef); + } + # + # Now just pick up the data we need + my ($prev,$curr,$next); + if ($curr_idx == 0) { + $prev = undef; + $curr = $Resource[$curr_idx ]; + $next = $Resource[$curr_idx+1]; + } elsif ($curr_idx == $#Resource) { + $prev = $Resource[$curr_idx-1]; + $curr = $Resource[$curr_idx ]; + $next = undef; + } else { + $prev = $Resource[$curr_idx-1]; + $curr = $Resource[$curr_idx ]; + $next = $Resource[$curr_idx+1]; + } + return ($prev,$curr,$next); +} + +sub make_target_id { + my ($target) = @_; + my $id = &Apache::lonnet::escape($target->{'symb'}).':'. + &Apache::lonnet::escape($target->{'part'}).':'. + &Apache::lonnet::escape($target->{'respid'}).':'. + &Apache::lonnet::escape($target->{'resptype'}); + return $id; +} + +sub get_target_from_id { + my ($id) = @_; + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('id = '.$id); + my ($symb,$part,$respid,$resptype) = split(':',$id); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('get_target_from_id:symb='.$symb); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('get_target_from_id:symb='.$part); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('get_target_from_id:symb='.$respid); + &Apache::lonnet::logthis('get_target_from_id:symb='.$resptype); + return ({ symb =>&Apache::lonnet::unescape($symb), + part =>&Apache::lonnet::unescape($part), + respid =>&Apache::lonnet::unescape($respid), + resptype =>&Apache::lonnet::unescape($resptype)}); +} ######################################################### ######################################################### @@ -1379,6 +1702,16 @@ sub get_tries_from_row { return undef; } +sub hashify_attempt { + my ($row) = @_; + my %attempt; + $attempt{'tries'} = $row->[&Apache::loncoursedata::RD_tries()]; + $attempt{'submission'} = $row->[&Apache::loncoursedata::RD_submission()]; + $attempt{'award'} = $row->[&Apache::loncoursedata::RD_awarddetail()]; + $attempt{'timestamp'} = $row->[&Apache::loncoursedata::RD_timestamp()]; + return %attempt; +} + sub Process_OR_Row { my ($row) = @_; my %RowData; @@ -1414,7 +1747,7 @@ sub Process_OR_Row { ## note: we must force each foil and option to not begin or end with ## spaces as they are stored without such data. ## -sub get_OR_problem_data { +sub get_problem_data { my ($url) = @_; my $Answ=&Apache::lonnet::ssi($url,('grade_target' => 'analyze')); (my $garbage,$Answ)=split(/_HASH_REF__/,$Answ,2); @@ -1427,25 +1760,25 @@ sub get_OR_problem_data { $key =~ s/^$part\.//; if (ref($value) eq 'ARRAY') { if ($key eq 'options') { - $Partdata{$part}->{'Options'}=$value; + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Options'}=$value; } elsif ($key eq 'concepts') { - $Partdata{$part}->{'Concepts'}=$value; + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Concepts'}=$value; } elsif ($key =~ /^concept\.(.*)$/) { my $concept = $1; foreach my $foil (@$value) { - $Partdata{$part}->{'Foils'}->{$foil}->{'Concept'}= + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}->{$foil}->{'_Concept'}= $concept; } } } else { if ($key=~ /^foil\.text\.(.*)$/) { my $foil = $1; - $Partdata{$part}->{'Foils'}->{$foil}->{'name'}=$foil; + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}->{$foil}->{'name'}=$foil; $value =~ s/(\s*$|^\s*)//g; - $Partdata{$part}->{'Foils'}->{$foil}->{'text'}=$value; + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}->{$foil}->{'text'}=$value; } elsif ($key =~ /^foil\.value\.(.*)$/) { my $foil = $1; - $Partdata{$part}->{'Foils'}->{$foil}->{'value'}=$value; + $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}->{$foil}->{'value'}=$value; } } } @@ -1453,50 +1786,14 @@ sub get_OR_problem_data { return %Partdata; } -######################################################### -######################################################### -## -## Misc Radio Response functions -## -######################################################### -######################################################### -sub get_Radio_problem_student_data { - my ($row) = @_; -} - -sub get_Radio_problem_data { - my ($url) = @_; - my $Answ=&Apache::lonnet::ssi($url,('grade_target' => 'analyze')); - (my $garbage,$Answ)=split(/_HASH_REF__/,$Answ,2); - my %Answer; - %Answer=&Apache::lonnet::str2hash($Answ); - my %Partdata; - &Apache::lonnet::logthis('url = '.$url); - foreach my $part (@{$Answer{'parts'}}) { - while (my($key,$value) = each(%Answer)) { - if (ref($value) eq 'ARRAY') { - &Apache::lonnet::logthis('is ref part:'.$part.' '.$key.'='.join(',',@$value)); - } else { - &Apache::lonnet::logthis('notref part:'.$part.' '.$key.'='.$value); - } - next if ($key !~ /^$part/); - $key =~ s/^$part\.//; - if ($key eq 'foils') { - $Partdata{$part}->{'_Foils'}=$value; - } elsif ($key eq 'options') { - $Partdata{$part}->{'_Options'}=$value; - } elsif ($key eq 'shown') { - $Partdata{$part}->{'_Shown'}=$value; - } elsif ($key =~ /^foil.value.(.*)$/) { - $Partdata{$part}->{$1}->{'value'}=$value; - } elsif ($key =~ /^foil.text.(.*)$/) { - $Partdata{$part}->{$1}->{'text'}=$value; - } - } - } - return %Partdata; -} - 1; __END__ + +##### +# partdata{part}->{_Foils}->{foilid}->{'name'} = $ +# ->{'text'} = $ +# ->{'value'} = $ +# ->{'_Concept'} = $ +# partdata{part}->{_Options} = @ +# partdata{part}->{_Concepts} = @