version 1.3, 2003/09/16 22:40:25
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version 1.69, 2022/09/08 01:41:14
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###################################################################### |
###################################################################### |
###################################################################### |
###################################################################### |
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=pod |
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=head1 NAME |
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Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based |
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on Locale::Maketext. See |
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C<https://metacpan.org/pod/Locale::Maketext> |
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for more information on Maketext. |
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=head1 OVERVIEWX<internationalization> |
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As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the |
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Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work |
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right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves |
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little or no programming. |
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The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around |
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on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys, |
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which the MaketextX<Maketext> library translates into the desired |
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language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X<lexicon> |
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As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and |
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Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no |
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translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the |
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internationalization without disturbing the screen output. |
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Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible |
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for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create |
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translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one |
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area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a |
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programmer, and we'd really appreciate it. |
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=head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers |
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Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert |
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use Apache::lonlocal; |
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Note that there are B<no parentheses>, we B<want> to pollute our |
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namespace. |
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Inside might be something like this |
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sub message { |
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my $status=shift; |
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my $message='Status unknown'; |
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if ($status eq 'WON') { |
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$message='You have won.'; |
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} elsif ($status eq 'LOST') { |
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$message='You are a total loser.'; |
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} |
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return $message; |
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} |
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... |
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$r->print('<h3>Gamble your Homework Points</h3>'); |
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... |
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$r->print(<<ENDMSG); |
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<font size="1">Rules:</font> |
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<font size="0">No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.</font> |
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ENDMSG |
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We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X<mt> ("maketext") around our |
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messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance. |
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The first two examples are easy: |
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sub message { |
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my $status=shift; |
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my $message='Status unknown'; |
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if ($status eq 'WON') { |
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$message='You have won.'; |
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} elsif ($status eq 'LOST') { |
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$message='You are a total loser.'; |
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} |
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return &mt($message); |
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} |
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... |
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$r->print('<h3>'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'</h3>'); |
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The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of |
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(<<MARKER). I have written a little subroutine to generate a translated |
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hash for that purpose: |
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my %lt=&Apache::lonlocal::texthash('header' => 'Rules', 'disclaimer' => |
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'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'); |
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$r->print(<<ENDMSG); |
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<font size="1">$lt{'header'}:</font> |
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<font size="0">$lt{'disclaimer'}</font> |
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ENDMSG |
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As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you |
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should see no changes on the screen. |
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=head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators |
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As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in |
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this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in |
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loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for |
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example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks |
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like this: |
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'You have won.' |
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=> 'Sie haben gewonnen.', |
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'You are a total loser.' |
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=> 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.', |
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'Rules' |
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=> 'Regeln', |
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'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.' |
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=> 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.' |
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Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string |
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(the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the |
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keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to |
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ignore the rest of the line. |
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This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated. |
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Maketext can do a whole lot more, see |
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C<https://metacpan.org/pod/Locale::Maketext> |
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but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that. |
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=cut |
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package Apache::lonlocal; |
package Apache::lonlocal; |
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use strict; |
use strict; |
use Apache::localize; |
use Apache::localize; |
use Apache::File; |
use locale; |
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use POSIX qw(locale_h strftime); |
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use DateTime(); |
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use DateTime::TimeZone; |
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use DateTime::Locale; |
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require Exporter; |
require Exporter; |
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our @ISA = qw (Exporter); |
our @ISA = qw (Exporter); |
our @EXPORT = qw(mt); |
our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns mt_user js_escape html_escape); |
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my %mtcache=(); |
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# ========================================================= The language handle |
# ========================================================= The language handle |
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use vars qw($lh); |
use vars qw($lh $current_language); |
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# ===================================================== The "MakeText" function |
# ===================================================== The "MakeText" function |
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sub mt (@) { |
sub mt (@) { |
unless ($ENV{'environment.translator'}) { |
# open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt'); |
return $lh->maketext(@_); |
# print LOG (@_[0]."\n"); |
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# close(LOG); |
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if ($lh) { |
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if ($_[0] eq '') { |
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if (wantarray) { |
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return @_; |
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} else { |
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return $_[0]; |
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} |
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} else { |
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if ($#_>0) { return $lh->maketext(@_); } |
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if ($mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}) { |
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return $mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}; |
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} |
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my $translation=$lh->maketext(@_); |
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$mtcache{$current_language.':'.$_[0]}=$translation; |
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return $translation; |
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} |
} else { |
} else { |
return '<a target="trans" href="/cgi-bin/translator.pl?arg1='. |
if (wantarray) { |
&Apache::lonnet::escape($_[0]).'&arg2='. |
return @_; |
&Apache::lonnet::escape($_[1]).'&arg3='. |
} else { |
&Apache::lonnet::escape($_[2]).'&lang='. |
return $_[0]; |
$ENV{'environment.translator'}. |
} |
'">'.$lh->maketext(@_).'</a>'; |
} |
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} |
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sub mt_user { |
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my ($user_lh,@what) = @_; |
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if ($user_lh) { |
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if ($what[0] eq '') { |
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if (wantarray) { |
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return @what; |
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} else { |
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return $what[0]; |
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} |
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} else { |
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return $user_lh->maketext(@what); |
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} |
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} else { |
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if (wantarray) { |
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return @what; |
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} else { |
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return $what[0]; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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# ============================================================== What language? |
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sub current_language { |
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if ($lh) { |
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my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code'); |
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return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang); |
} |
} |
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return 'en'; |
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} |
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sub preferred_languages { |
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my @languages=(); |
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if (($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.adv'}) && ($Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'})) { |
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@languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'})); |
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} |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) { |
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@languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/, |
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$Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'})); |
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} |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}) { |
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@languages=(@languages, |
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split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'})); |
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} |
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my $browser=$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}; |
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if ($browser) { |
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my @browser = |
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map { (split(/\s*;\s*/,$_))[0] } (split(/\s*,\s*/,$browser)); |
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push(@languages,@browser); |
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} |
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my $defdom = &Apache::lonnet::default_login_domain(); |
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foreach my $domtype ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'},$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'},$defdom) { |
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if (($domtype ne '') && ($domtype ne 'public')) { |
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my %domdefs = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($domtype); |
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if ($domdefs{'lang_def'} ne '') { |
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push(@languages,$domdefs{'lang_def'}); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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return &get_genlanguages(@languages); |
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} |
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sub get_genlanguages { |
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my (@languages) = @_; |
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# turn "en-ca" into "en-ca,en" |
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my @genlanguages; |
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foreach my $lang (@languages) { |
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unless ($lang=~/\w/) { next; } |
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push(@genlanguages,$lang); |
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if ($lang=~/(\-|\_)/) { |
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push(@genlanguages,(split(/(\-|\_)/,$lang))[0]); |
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} |
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} |
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#uniqueify the languages list |
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my %count; |
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@genlanguages = map { $count{$_}++ == 0 ? $_ : () } @genlanguages; |
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return @genlanguages; |
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} |
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# ============================================================== What encoding? |
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sub current_encoding { |
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my $default='UTF-8'; |
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unless ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.unicode'}) { |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' && |
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$Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') { |
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$default='ISO-8859-1'; |
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} |
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} |
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if ($lh) { |
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my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding'); |
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return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc); |
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} else { |
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return $default; |
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} |
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} |
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# =============================================================== Which locale? |
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# Refer to locale -a |
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# |
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sub current_locale { |
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if ($lh) { |
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my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale'); |
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return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc); |
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} else { |
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return undef; |
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} |
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} |
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# ============================================================== Translate hash |
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sub texthash { |
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my %hash=@_; |
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foreach (keys(%hash)) { |
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$hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_}); |
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} |
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return %hash; |
} |
} |
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# ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers) |
# ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers) |
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sub get_language_handle { |
sub get_language_handle { |
$lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(&Apache::loncommon::preferred_languages); |
my ($r,$chosen) = @_; |
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if ($r) { |
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my $headers=$r->headers_in; |
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$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'}; |
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} |
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my @languages; |
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if ($chosen ne '') { |
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@languages=($chosen); |
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} else { |
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@languages=&preferred_languages(); |
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} |
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$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=''; |
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$lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages); |
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$current_language=¤t_language(); |
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if ($r) { |
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$r->content_languages([¤t_language()]); |
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} |
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### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale); |
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} |
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# ========================================================== Localize localtime |
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sub gettimezone { |
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my ($timezone) = @_; |
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if ($timezone ne '') { |
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if (!DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) { |
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$timezone = 'local'; |
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} |
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return $timezone; |
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} |
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my $cid = $Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}; |
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if (&Apache::lonnet::usertools_access($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.name'}, |
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$Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'}, |
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'timezone')) { |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.timezone'} ne '') { |
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$timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.timezone'}; |
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if ($cid ne '') { |
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if (($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.tzover'}) && |
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($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'} ne '')) { |
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$timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}; |
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} |
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} |
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if ($timezone ne '') { |
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if (DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) { |
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return $timezone; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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if ($cid ne '') { |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}) { |
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$timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}; |
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} else { |
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my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'}; |
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if ($cdom ne '') { |
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my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom); |
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if ($domdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') { |
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$timezone = $domdefaults{'timezone_def'}; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'} ne '') { |
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my %uroledomdefs = |
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&Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'}); |
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if ($uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'} ne '') { |
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$timezone = $uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'}; |
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} |
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} elsif (($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') && |
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($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne 'public')) { |
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my %udomdefaults = |
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&Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'}); |
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if ($udomdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') { |
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$timezone = $udomdefaults{'timezone_def'}; |
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} |
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} |
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if ($timezone ne '') { |
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if (DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) { |
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return $timezone; |
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} |
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} |
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return 'local'; |
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} |
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sub locallocaltime { |
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my ($thistime,$timezone) = @_; |
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if (!defined($thistime) || $thistime eq '') { |
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return &mt('Never'); |
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} |
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if (($thistime < 0) || ($thistime eq 'NaN')) { |
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&Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected time (negative or NaN) '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime"); |
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return &mt('Never'); |
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} |
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if ($thistime !~ /^\d+$/) { |
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&Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected non-numeric time '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime"); |
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return &mt('Never'); |
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} |
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my $dt = DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $thistime) |
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->set_time_zone(gettimezone($timezone)); |
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# TimeZone tries to determine the 'local' timezone from $ENV{TZ} if this |
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# fails it searches through various system files. Under certain |
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# circumstances this is an extremly expensive operation. |
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# So after the first run we store the timezone in $ENV{TZ} to significantly |
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# speed up future lookups. |
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$ENV{TZ} = $dt->time_zone()->name() |
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if (! $ENV{TZ} && gettimezone($timezone) eq 'local'); |
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if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) { |
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return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)"); |
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} else { |
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my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale'); |
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if ($format eq 'date_locale') { |
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return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)"); |
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} |
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my $time_zone = $dt->time_zone_short_name(); |
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my $seconds = $dt->second(); |
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my $minutes = $dt->minute(); |
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my $twentyfour = $dt->hour(); |
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my $day = $dt->day_of_month(); |
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my $mon = $dt->month()-1; |
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my $year = $dt->year(); |
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my $wday = $dt->wday(); |
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if ($wday==7) { $wday=0; } |
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my $month =(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon]; |
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my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday]; |
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if ($seconds<10) { |
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$seconds='0'.$seconds; |
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} |
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if ($minutes<10) { |
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$minutes='0'.$minutes; |
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} |
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my $twelve=$twentyfour; |
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my $ampm; |
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if ($twelve>12) { |
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$twelve-=12; |
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$ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm'); |
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} else { |
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$ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am'); |
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} |
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foreach ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year', |
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'month','weekday','ampm') { |
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$format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse; |
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} |
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return $format." ($time_zone)"; |
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} |
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} |
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sub getdatelocale { |
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my ($datelocale,$locale_obj); |
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if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'}) { |
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$datelocale = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'}; |
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} elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'} ne '') { |
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my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'}; |
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if ($cdom ne '') { |
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my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom); |
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if ($domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') { |
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$datelocale = $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'}; |
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} |
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} |
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} elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') { |
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my %udomdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'}); |
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if ($udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') { |
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$datelocale = $udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'}; |
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} |
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} |
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if ($datelocale ne '') { |
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eval { |
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$locale_obj = DateTime::Locale->load($datelocale); |
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}; |
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if (!$@) { |
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if ($locale_obj->id() eq $datelocale) { |
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return $locale_obj; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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return $locale_obj; |
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} |
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=pod |
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=over |
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=item * normalize_string() |
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Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files) |
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This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of |
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huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful |
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formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space, |
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and remove all HTML |
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=cut |
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sub normalize_string { |
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my $s = shift; |
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$s =~ s/\s+/ /g; |
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$s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g; |
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# Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good |
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$s =~ s/^\s+//; |
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$s =~ s/\s+$//; |
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return $s; |
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} |
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=pod |
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=item * ns() |
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alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon |
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=cut |
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sub ns { |
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return normalize_string(@_); |
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} |
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=pod |
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=item * mtn() |
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mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily. |
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Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation |
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=cut |
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sub mtn (@) { |
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my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we |
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# didn't care about that we could set $_[0] |
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# directly |
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$args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]); |
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my $translation = &mt(@args); |
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if ($translation ne $args[0]) { |
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return $translation; |
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} else { |
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return $_[0]; |
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} |
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} |
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# ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files |
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sub transstatic { |
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my $strptr=shift; |
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$$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse; |
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} |
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=pod |
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|
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=item * mt_escape() |
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|
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mt_escape takes a string reference and escape the [] in there so mt |
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will leave them as is and not try to expand them |
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|
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=cut |
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|
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sub mt_escape { |
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my ($str_ref) = @_; |
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$$str_ref =~s/~/~~/g; |
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$$str_ref =~s/([\[\]])/~$1/g; |
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} |
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|
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=pod |
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|
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=item * js_escape() |
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|
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js_escape takes a string, string reference or hash reference, |
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and escapes the values so that they can be used within a <script> element. |
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It replaces all instances of \ by \\, ' by \', " by \" and \n by \\n. |
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It is typically used with localized strings, which might contain quotes. |
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|
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=cut |
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sub js_escape { |
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my ($v) = @_; |
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my $ref = ref($v); |
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if ($ref eq 'SCALAR') { |
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$$v =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; |
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$$v =~ s/'/\\'/g; |
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$$v =~ s/"/\\"/g; |
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$$v =~ s/\n/\\n/g; |
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} elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') { |
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foreach my $key (keys %$v) { |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/'/\\'/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/"/\\"/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/\n/\\n/g; |
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} |
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} else { |
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$v =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; |
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$v =~ s/'/\\'/g; |
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$v =~ s/"/\\"/g; |
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$v =~ s/\n/\\n/g; |
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return $v; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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=pod |
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|
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=item * html_escape() |
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|
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html_escape takes a string, string reference or hash reference, |
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and escapes the values so that they can be used as HTML. |
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It encodes <, >, &, ' and ". |
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|
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=cut |
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|
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sub html_escape { |
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my ($v) = @_; |
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my $ref = ref($v); |
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if ($ref eq 'SCALAR') { |
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$$v =~ s/&/&/g; |
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$$v =~ s/</</g; |
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$$v =~ s/>/>/g; |
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$$v =~ s/'/'/g; |
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$$v =~ s/"/"/g; |
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} elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') { |
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foreach my $key (keys %$v) { |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/&/&/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/</</g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/>/>/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/'/'/g; |
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$v->{$key} =~ s/"/"/g; |
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} |
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} else { |
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$v =~ s/&/&/g; |
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$v =~ s/</</g; |
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$v =~ s/>/>/g; |
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$v =~ s/'/'/g; |
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$v =~ s/"/"/g; |
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return $v; |
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} |
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# NOTE: we could also turn \n into <br> if needed |
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} |
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|
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=pod |
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|
|
=item * choose_language() |
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|
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choose_language prompts a user to enter a two letter language code via |
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keyboard when running a script from the command line. Default is en. |
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|
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=back |
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|
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=cut |
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|
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sub choose_language { |
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my %languages = ( |
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ar => 'Arabic', |
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de => 'German', |
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en => 'English', |
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es => 'Spanish', |
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fa => 'Persian', |
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fr => 'French', |
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he => 'Hebrew', |
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ja => 'Japanese', |
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pt => 'Portuguese', |
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ru => 'Russian', |
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tr => 'Turkish', |
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zh => 'Chinese (Simplified)' |
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); |
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my @posslangs = sort(keys(%languages)); |
|
my $langlist = join('|',@posslangs); |
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my $lang = 'en'; |
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print 'Language: English (en). Change? ['.$langlist.']? '; |
|
my $langchoice = <STDIN>; |
|
chomp($langchoice); |
|
$langchoice =~ s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g; |
|
$langchoice = lc($langchoice); |
|
if (defined($languages{$langchoice})) { |
|
$lang = $langchoice; |
|
} |
|
return $lang; |
} |
} |
|
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1; |
1; |