--- loncom/localize/lonlocal.pm 2003/09/16 19:23:47 1.2 +++ loncom/localize/lonlocal.pm 2005/11/14 19:53:03 1.36 @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA # Localization routines # -# $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.2 2003/09/16 19:23:47 www Exp $ +# $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.36 2005/11/14 19:53:03 albertel Exp $ # # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees # @@ -28,15 +28,148 @@ ###################################################################### ###################################################################### +=pod + +=head1 NAME + +Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + +lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based +on Locale::Maketext. See +C +for more information on Maketext. + +=head1 OVERVIEWX + +As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the +Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work +right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves +little or no programming. + +The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around +on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys, +which the MaketextX library translates into the desired +language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X + +As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and +Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no +translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the +internationalization without disturbing the screen output. + +Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible +for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create +translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one +area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a +programmer, and we'd really appreciate it. + +=head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers + +Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert + + use Apache::lonlocal; + +Note that there are B, we B to pollute our +namespace. + +Inside might be something like this + + sub message { + my $status=shift; + my $message='Status unknown'; + if ($status eq 'WON') { + $message='You have won.'; + } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') { + $message='You are a total looser.'; + } + return $message; + } + ... + $r->print('

Gamble your Homework Points

'); + ... + $r->print(<Rules: + No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed. + ENDMSG + +We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X ("maketext") around our +messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance. +The first two examples are easy: + + sub message { + my $status=shift; + my $message='Status unknown'; + if ($status eq 'WON') { + $message='You have won.'; + } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') { + $message='You are a total looser.'; + } + return &mt($message); + } + ... + $r->print('

'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'

'); + +The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of +(< 'Rules', 'disclaimer' => + 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'); + $r->print(<$lt{'header'}: + $lt{'disclaimer'} + ENDMSG + +As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you +should see no changes on the screen. + +=head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators + +As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in +this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in +loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for +example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks +like this: + + 'You have won.' + => 'Sie haben gewonnen.', + + 'You are a total looser.' + => 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.', + + 'Rules' + => 'Regeln', + + 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.' + => 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.' + + +Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string +(the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the +keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to +ignore the rest of the line. + +This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated. + +Maketext can do a whole lot more, see +C +but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that. + +=cut + package Apache::lonlocal; use strict; +use Apache::Constants qw(:common); use Apache::localize; +use locale; +use POSIX qw(locale_h); require Exporter; our @ISA = qw (Exporter); -our @EXPORT = qw(mt); +our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns); # ========================================================= The language handle @@ -45,13 +178,186 @@ use vars qw($lh); # ===================================================== The "MakeText" function sub mt (@) { - return $lh->maketext(@_); +# open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt'); +# print LOG (@_[0]."\n"); +# close(LOG); + if ($lh) { + return $lh->maketext(@_); + } else { + if (wantarray) { + return @_; + } else { + return $_[0]; + } + } +} + +# ============================================================== What language? + +sub current_language { + if ($lh) { + my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code'); + return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang); + } + return 'en'; +} + +# ============================================================== What encoding? + +sub current_encoding { + my $default='UTF-8'; + if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' && + $Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') { + $default='ISO-8859-1'; + } + if ($lh) { + my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding'); + return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc); + } else { + return $default; + } +} + +# =============================================================== Which locale? +# Refer to locale -a +# +sub current_locale { + if ($lh) { + my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale'); + return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc); + } else { + return undef; + } +} + +# ============================================================== Translate hash + +sub texthash { + my %hash=@_; + foreach (keys %hash) { + $hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_}); + } + return %hash; } # ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers) sub get_language_handle { - $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(&Apache::loncommon::preferred_languages); + my $r=shift; + if ($r) { + my $headers=$r->headers_in; + $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'}; + } + my @languages=&Apache::loncommon::preferred_languages; + $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=''; + $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages); + if ($r && &Apache::lonnet::mod_perl_version == 1) { + $r->content_languages([¤t_language()]); + } +### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale); +} + +# ========================================================== Localize localtime +sub gettimezone { + return ' ('.$Apache::lonnet::env{'server.timezone'}.')'; +} + +sub locallocaltime { + my $thistime=shift; + if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) { + return ''.localtime($thistime).&gettimezone(); + } else { + my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale'); + if ($format eq 'date_locale') { + return ''.localtime($thistime); + } + my ($seconds,$minutes,$twentyfour,$day,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst)= + localtime($thistime); + my $month=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon]; + my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday]; + if ($seconds<10) { + $seconds='0'.$seconds; + } + if ($minutes<10) { + $minutes='0'.$minutes; + } + $year+=1900; + my $twelve=$twentyfour; + my $ampm; + if ($twelve>12) { + $twelve-=12; + $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm'); + } else { + $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am'); + } + foreach + ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year', + 'month','weekday','ampm') { + $format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse; + } + return $format.&gettimezone(); + } +} + +# ==================== Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files) + +# This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of +# huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful +# formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space, +# and remove all HTML +sub normalize_string { + my $s = shift; + $s =~ s/\s+/ /g; + $s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g; + # Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good + $s =~ s/^\s+//; + $s =~ s/\s+$//; + return $s; +} + +# alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon +sub ns { + return normalize_string(@_); +} + +# mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily. +# Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation +sub mtn (@) { + my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we + # didn't care about that we could set $_[0] + # directly + $args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]); + my $translation = &mt(@args); + if ($translation ne $args[0]) { + return $translation; + } else { + return $_[0]; + } +} + +# ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files + +sub transstatic { + my $strptr=shift; + $$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse; +} + +# ----------------------------------------------- Handler Routine /adm/localize +sub handler { + my $r=shift; + &Apache::lonlocal::get_language_handle($r); + &Apache::loncommon::content_type($r,'text/html'); + $r->send_http_header; + return OK if $r->header_only; + + my $uri=$r->uri; + $uri=~s/^\/adm\/localize//; + my $fn=$Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.$uri; + + my $file=&Apache::lonnet::getfile($fn); + &transstatic(\$file); + $r->print($file); + return OK; } 1;