Annotation of loncom/localize/lonlocal.pm, revision 1.44
1.1 www 1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # Localization routines
3: #
1.44 ! raeburn 4: # $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.43 2008/01/29 13:26:09 www Exp $
1.1 www 5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: ######################################################################
29: ######################################################################
1.10 bowersj2 30:
31: =pod
32:
33: =head1 NAME
34:
35: Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services
36:
37: =head1 SYNOPSIS
38:
39: lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based
40: on Locale::Maketext. See
41: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
42: for more information on Maketext.
43:
44: =head1 OVERVIEWX<internationalization>
45:
46: As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the
47: Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work
48: right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves
49: little or no programming.
50:
51: The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around
52: on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys,
53: which the MaketextX<Maketext> library translates into the desired
54: language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X<lexicon>
55:
56: As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and
57: Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no
58: translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the
59: internationalization without disturbing the screen output.
60:
61: Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible
62: for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create
63: translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one
64: area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a
65: programmer, and we'd really appreciate it.
66:
67: =head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers
68:
69: Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert
70:
71: use Apache::lonlocal;
72:
73: Note that there are B<no parentheses>, we B<want> to pollute our
74: namespace.
75:
76: Inside might be something like this
77:
78: sub message {
79: my $status=shift;
80: my $message='Status unknown';
81: if ($status eq 'WON') {
82: $message='You have won.';
83: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
84: $message='You are a total looser.';
85: }
86: return $message;
87: }
88: ...
89: $r->print('<h3>Gamble your Homework Points</h3>');
90: ...
91: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
92: <font size="1">Rules:</font>
93: <font size="0">No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.</font>
94: ENDMSG
95:
96: We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X<mt> ("maketext") around our
97: messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance.
98: The first two examples are easy:
99:
100: sub message {
101: my $status=shift;
102: my $message='Status unknown';
103: if ($status eq 'WON') {
104: $message='You have won.';
105: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
106: $message='You are a total looser.';
107: }
108: return &mt($message);
109: }
110: ...
111: $r->print('<h3>'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'</h3>');
112:
113: The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of
114: (<<MARKER). I have written a little subroutine to generate a translated
115: hash for that purpose:
116:
117: my %lt=&Apache::lonlocal::texthash('header' => 'Rules', 'disclaimer' =>
118: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.');
119: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
120: <font size="1">$lt{'header'}:</font>
121: <font size="0">$lt{'disclaimer'}</font>
122: ENDMSG
123:
124: As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you
125: should see no changes on the screen.
126:
127: =head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators
128:
129: As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in
130: this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in
131: loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for
132: example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks
133: like this:
134:
135: 'You have won.'
136: => 'Sie haben gewonnen.',
137:
138: 'You are a total looser.'
139: => 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.',
140:
141: 'Rules'
142: => 'Regeln',
143:
144: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'
145: => 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.'
146:
147:
148: Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string
149: (the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the
150: keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to
151: ignore the rest of the line.
152:
153: This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated.
154:
155: Maketext can do a whole lot more, see
156: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
157: but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that.
158:
159: =cut
1.1 www 160:
161: package Apache::lonlocal;
162:
163: use strict;
164: use Apache::localize;
1.14 www 165: use locale;
1.39 albertel 166: use POSIX qw(locale_h strftime);
1.42 albertel 167: use DateTime();
1.1 www 168:
169: require Exporter;
170:
171: our @ISA = qw (Exporter);
1.22 bowersj2 172: our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns);
1.1 www 173:
174: # ========================================================= The language handle
175:
176: use vars qw($lh);
177:
178: # ===================================================== The "MakeText" function
179:
180: sub mt (@) {
1.36 albertel 181: # open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt');
182: # print LOG (@_[0]."\n");
183: # close(LOG);
1.26 www 184: if ($lh) {
1.44 ! raeburn 185: if ($_[0] eq '') {
! 186: if (wantarray) {
! 187: return @_;
! 188: } else {
! 189: return $_[0];
! 190: }
! 191: } else {
! 192: return $lh->maketext(@_);
! 193: }
1.3 www 194: } else {
1.31 albertel 195: if (wantarray) {
196: return @_;
197: } else {
198: return $_[0];
199: }
1.4 www 200: }
201: }
202:
1.6 www 203: # ============================================================== What language?
204:
205: sub current_language {
1.20 albertel 206: if ($lh) {
207: my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code');
208: return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang);
209: }
1.21 www 210: return 'en';
1.6 www 211: }
212:
1.8 www 213: # ============================================================== What encoding?
214:
215: sub current_encoding {
1.33 albertel 216: my $default='UTF-8';
217: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' &&
218: $Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') {
1.34 albertel 219: $default='ISO-8859-1';
1.33 albertel 220: }
1.12 albertel 221: if ($lh) {
222: my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding');
1.33 albertel 223: return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc);
1.12 albertel 224: } else {
1.33 albertel 225: return $default;
1.12 albertel 226: }
1.8 www 227: }
228:
1.15 www 229: # =============================================================== Which locale?
230: # Refer to locale -a
231: #
232: sub current_locale {
233: if ($lh) {
234: my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale');
235: return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc);
236: } else {
237: return undef;
238: }
239: }
240:
1.4 www 241: # ============================================================== Translate hash
242:
243: sub texthash {
244: my %hash=@_;
245: foreach (keys %hash) {
246: $hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_});
247: }
248: return %hash;
1.1 www 249: }
250:
251: # ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers)
252:
253: sub get_language_handle {
1.9 www 254: my $r=shift;
1.31 albertel 255: if ($r) {
256: my $headers=$r->headers_in;
257: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'};
258: }
1.29 www 259: my @languages=&Apache::loncommon::preferred_languages;
260: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}='';
261: $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages);
1.37 albertel 262: if ($r) {
1.12 albertel 263: $r->content_languages([¤t_language()]);
1.8 www 264: }
1.16 www 265: ### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale);
1.18 www 266: }
267:
268: # ========================================================== Localize localtime
1.35 www 269: sub gettimezone {
1.39 albertel 270: my ($time) = @_;
1.42 albertel 271: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.timezone'}) {
272: return $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.timezone'};
273: }
274: return 'local';
1.35 www 275: }
1.18 www 276:
277: sub locallocaltime {
278: my $thistime=shift;
1.40 albertel 279: if (!defined($thistime) || $thistime eq '') {
280: return &mt('Never');
281: }
1.42 albertel 282:
283: my $dt = DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $thistime)
284: ->set_time_zone(&gettimezone());
1.18 www 285: if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) {
1.42 albertel 286:
287: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 288: } else {
289: my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale');
290: if ($format eq 'date_locale') {
1.42 albertel 291: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 292: }
1.42 albertel 293: my $time_zone = $dt->time_zone_short_name();
294: my $seconds = $dt->second();
295: my $minutes = $dt->minute();
296: my $twentyfour = $dt->hour();
297: my $day = $dt->day_of_month();
298: my $mon = $dt->month()-1;
299: my $year = $dt->year();
1.43 www 300: my $wday = $dt->wday();
301: if ($wday==7) { $wday=0; }
1.42 albertel 302: my $month =(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon];
1.18 www 303: my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday];
304: if ($seconds<10) {
305: $seconds='0'.$seconds;
306: }
307: if ($minutes<10) {
308: $minutes='0'.$minutes;
309: }
310: my $twelve=$twentyfour;
1.19 www 311: my $ampm;
1.18 www 312: if ($twelve>12) {
313: $twelve-=12;
1.19 www 314: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm');
1.18 www 315: } else {
1.19 www 316: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am');
1.18 www 317: }
1.42 albertel 318: foreach ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year',
319: 'month','weekday','ampm') {
1.18 www 320: $format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse;
321: }
1.42 albertel 322: return $format." ($time_zone)";
1.18 www 323: }
1.1 www 324: }
325:
1.17 bowersj2 326: # ==================== Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files)
327:
328: # This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of
329: # huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful
330: # formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space,
331: # and remove all HTML
332: sub normalize_string {
333: my $s = shift;
334: $s =~ s/\s+/ /g;
335: $s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g;
1.22 bowersj2 336: # Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good
337: $s =~ s/^\s+//;
338: $s =~ s/\s+$//;
1.17 bowersj2 339: return $s;
340: }
1.22 bowersj2 341:
342: # alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon
343: sub ns {
344: return normalize_string(@_);
345: }
346:
347: # mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily.
348: # Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation
349: sub mtn (@) {
350: my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we
351: # didn't care about that we could set $_[0]
352: # directly
353: $args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]);
354: my $translation = &mt(@args);
355: if ($translation ne $args[0]) {
356: return $translation;
357: } else {
358: return $_[0];
359: }
1.27 www 360: }
361:
362: # ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files
363:
364: sub transstatic {
365: my $strptr=shift;
366: $$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse;
367: }
368:
1.41 albertel 369: =pod
370:
371: =item * mt_escape
372:
373: mt_escape takes a string reference and escape the [] in there so mt
374: will leave them as is and not try to expand them
375:
376: =cut
377:
378: sub mt_escape {
379: my ($str_ref) = @_;
380: $$str_ref =~s/~/~~/g;
381: $$str_ref =~s/([\[\]])/~$1/g;
382: }
383:
1.1 www 384: 1;
385:
386: __END__
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