Annotation of loncom/localize/lonlocal.pm, revision 1.54
1.1 www 1: # The LearningOnline Network with CAPA
2: # Localization routines
3: #
1.54 ! lueken 4: # $Id: lonlocal.pm,v 1.53 2009/01/02 23:07:52 raeburn Exp $
1.1 www 5: #
6: # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
7: #
8: # This file is part of the LearningOnline Network with CAPA (LON-CAPA).
9: #
10: # LON-CAPA is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11: # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12: # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13: # (at your option) any later version.
14: #
15: # LON-CAPA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16: # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17: # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18: # GNU General Public License for more details.
19: #
20: # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21: # along with LON-CAPA; if not, write to the Free Software
22: # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
23: #
24: # /home/httpd/html/adm/gpl.txt
25: #
26: # http://www.lon-capa.org/
27: #
28: ######################################################################
29: ######################################################################
1.10 bowersj2 30:
31: =pod
32:
33: =head1 NAME
34:
35: Apache::lonlocal - provides localization services
36:
37: =head1 SYNOPSIS
38:
39: lonlocal provides localization services for LON-CAPA programmers based
40: on Locale::Maketext. See
41: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
42: for more information on Maketext.
43:
44: =head1 OVERVIEWX<internationalization>
45:
46: As of LON-CAPA 1.1, we've started to localize LON-CAPA using the
47: Locale::Maketext module. Internationalization is the bulk of the work
48: right now (pre-1.1); localizing can be done anytime, and involves
49: little or no programming.
50:
51: The internationalization process involves putting a wrapper around
52: on-screen user messages and menus and turning them into keys,
53: which the MaketextX<Maketext> library translates into the desired
54: language output using a look-up table ("lexicon").X<lexicon>
55:
56: As keys we are currently using the plain English messages, and
57: Maketext is configured to replace the message by its own key if no
58: translation is found. This makes it easy to phase in the
59: internationalization without disturbing the screen output.
60:
61: Internationalization is somewhat tedious and effectively impossible
62: for a non-fluent speaker to perform, but is fairly easy to create
63: translations, requiring no programming skill. As a result, this is one
64: area where you can really help LON-CAPA out, even if you aren't a
65: programmer, and we'd really appreciate it.
66:
67: =head1 How To Localize Handlers For Programmers
68:
69: Into the "use" section of a module, we need to insert
70:
71: use Apache::lonlocal;
72:
73: Note that there are B<no parentheses>, we B<want> to pollute our
74: namespace.
75:
76: Inside might be something like this
77:
78: sub message {
79: my $status=shift;
80: my $message='Status unknown';
81: if ($status eq 'WON') {
82: $message='You have won.';
83: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
84: $message='You are a total looser.';
85: }
86: return $message;
87: }
88: ...
89: $r->print('<h3>Gamble your Homework Points</h3>');
90: ...
91: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
92: <font size="1">Rules:</font>
93: <font size="0">No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.</font>
94: ENDMSG
95:
96: We have to now wrap the subroutine &mt()X<mt> ("maketext") around our
97: messages, but not around markup, etc. We also want minimal disturbance.
98: The first two examples are easy:
99:
100: sub message {
101: my $status=shift;
102: my $message='Status unknown';
103: if ($status eq 'WON') {
104: $message='You have won.';
105: } elsif ($status eq 'LOST') {
106: $message='You are a total looser.';
107: }
108: return &mt($message);
109: }
110: ...
111: $r->print('<h3>'.&mt('Gamble your Homework Points').'</h3>');
112:
113: The last one is a bummer, since you cannot call subroutines inside of
114: (<<MARKER). I have written a little subroutine to generate a translated
115: hash for that purpose:
116:
117: my %lt=&Apache::lonlocal::texthash('header' => 'Rules', 'disclaimer' =>
118: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.');
119: $r->print(<<ENDMSG);
120: <font size="1">$lt{'header'}:</font>
121: <font size="0">$lt{'disclaimer'}</font>
122: ENDMSG
123:
124: As a programmer, your job is done here. If everything worked, you
125: should see no changes on the screen.
126:
127: =head1 How To Localize LON-CAPA for Translators
128:
129: As a translator, you need to provide the lexicon for the keys, which in
130: this case is the plain text message. The lexicons sit in
131: loncom/localize/localize, with the language code as filename, for
132: example de.pm for the German translation. The file then simply looks
133: like this:
134:
135: 'You have won.'
136: => 'Sie haben gewonnen.',
137:
138: 'You are a total looser.'
139: => 'Sie sind der totale Verlierer.',
140:
141: 'Rules'
142: => 'Regeln',
143:
144: 'No purchase necessary. Illegal where not allowed.'
145: => 'Es ist erlaubt, einfach zu verlieren, und das ist Ihre Schuld.'
146:
147:
148: Comments may be added with the # symbol, which outside of a string
149: (the things with the apostrophe surrounding them, which are the
150: keys and translations) will cause the translation routines to
151: ignore the rest of the line.
152:
153: This is a relatively easy task, and any help is appreciated.
154:
155: Maketext can do a whole lot more, see
156: C<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext.pod>
157: but for most purposes, we do not have to mess with that.
158:
159: =cut
1.1 www 160:
161: package Apache::lonlocal;
162:
163: use strict;
164: use Apache::localize;
1.14 www 165: use locale;
1.39 albertel 166: use POSIX qw(locale_h strftime);
1.42 albertel 167: use DateTime();
1.46 raeburn 168: use DateTime::TimeZone;
1.49 raeburn 169: use DateTime::Locale;
1.1 www 170:
171: require Exporter;
172:
173: our @ISA = qw (Exporter);
1.48 raeburn 174: our @EXPORT = qw(mt mtn ns mt_user);
1.1 www 175:
176: # ========================================================= The language handle
177:
178: use vars qw($lh);
179:
180: # ===================================================== The "MakeText" function
181:
1.54 ! lueken 182: ######### Localize Cache
! 183: my @localize_cache;
! 184: #########
! 185:
1.1 www 186: sub mt (@) {
1.36 albertel 187: # open(LOG,'>>/home/www/loncapa/loncom/localize/localize/newphrases.txt');
188: # print LOG (@_[0]."\n");
189: # close(LOG);
1.26 www 190: if ($lh) {
1.44 raeburn 191: if ($_[0] eq '') {
192: if (wantarray) {
193: return @_;
194: } else {
195: return $_[0];
196: }
197: } else {
1.54 ! lueken 198: ######### Localize Cache
! 199: foreach my $e (@localize_cache)
! 200: {
! 201: if($_[0] eq $$e[0]) { return $$e[1]; }
! 202: }
! 203:
! 204: if($#localize_cache == 100) { pop(@localize_cache); }
! 205: my $localize_entry = $lh->maketext(@_);
! 206: unshift(@localize_cache, [ @_, $localize_entry ] );
! 207: #########
! 208:
! 209: return $localize_entry;
1.44 raeburn 210: }
1.3 www 211: } else {
1.31 albertel 212: if (wantarray) {
213: return @_;
214: } else {
215: return $_[0];
216: }
1.4 www 217: }
218: }
219:
1.48 raeburn 220: sub mt_user {
221: my ($user_lh,@what) = @_;
222: if ($user_lh) {
223: if ($what[0] eq '') {
224: if (wantarray) {
225: return @what;
226: } else {
227: return $what[0];
228: }
229: } else {
230: return $user_lh->maketext(@what);
231: }
232: } else {
233: if (wantarray) {
234: return @what;
235: } else {
236: return $what[0];
237: }
238: }
239: }
240:
1.6 www 241: # ============================================================== What language?
242:
243: sub current_language {
1.20 albertel 244: if ($lh) {
245: my $lang=$lh->maketext('language_code');
246: return ($lang eq 'language_code'?'en':$lang);
247: }
1.21 www 248: return 'en';
1.6 www 249: }
250:
1.52 raeburn 251: sub preferred_languages {
252: my @languages=();
253: if (($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.adv'}) && ($Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'})) {
254: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'form.languages'}));
255: }
256: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}) {
257: @languages=(@languages,split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,
258: $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.languages'}));
259: }
260:
261: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}) {
262: @languages=(@languages,
263: split(/\s*(\,|\;|\:)\s*/,$Apache::lonnet::env{'environment.languages'}));
264: }
265: my $browser=$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'};
266: if ($browser) {
267: my @browser =
268: map { (split(/\s*;\s*/,$_))[0] } (split(/\s*,\s*/,$browser));
269: push(@languages,@browser);
270: }
271:
272: foreach my $domtype ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'},$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'},
273: $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDefDomain'}) {
274: if ($domtype ne '') {
275: my %domdefs = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($domtype);
276: if ($domdefs{'lang_def'} ne '') {
277: push(@languages,$domdefs{'lang_def'});
278: }
279: }
280: }
281: return &get_genlanguages(@languages);
282: }
283:
284: sub get_genlanguages {
285: my (@languages) = @_;
286: # turn "en-ca" into "en-ca,en"
287: my @genlanguages;
288: foreach my $lang (@languages) {
289: unless ($lang=~/\w/) { next; }
290: push(@genlanguages,$lang);
291: if ($lang=~/(\-|\_)/) {
292: push(@genlanguages,(split(/(\-|\_)/,$lang))[0]);
293: }
294: }
295: #uniqueify the languages list
296: my %count;
297: @genlanguages = map { $count{$_}++ == 0 ? $_ : () } @genlanguages;
298: return @genlanguages;
299: }
300:
1.8 www 301: # ============================================================== What encoding?
302:
303: sub current_encoding {
1.33 albertel 304: my $default='UTF-8';
305: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.os'} eq 'win' &&
306: $Apache::lonnet::env{'browser.type'} eq 'explorer') {
1.34 albertel 307: $default='ISO-8859-1';
1.33 albertel 308: }
1.12 albertel 309: if ($lh) {
310: my $enc=$lh->maketext('char_encoding');
1.33 albertel 311: return ($enc eq 'char_encoding'?$default:$enc);
1.12 albertel 312: } else {
1.33 albertel 313: return $default;
1.12 albertel 314: }
1.8 www 315: }
316:
1.15 www 317: # =============================================================== Which locale?
318: # Refer to locale -a
319: #
320: sub current_locale {
321: if ($lh) {
322: my $enc=$lh->maketext('lang_locale');
323: return ($enc eq 'lang_locale'?'':$enc);
324: } else {
325: return undef;
326: }
327: }
328:
1.4 www 329: # ============================================================== Translate hash
330:
331: sub texthash {
332: my %hash=@_;
333: foreach (keys %hash) {
334: $hash{$_}=&mt($hash{$_});
335: }
336: return %hash;
1.1 www 337: }
338:
339: # ========= Get a handle (do not invoke in vain, leave this to access handlers)
340:
341: sub get_language_handle {
1.9 www 342: my $r=shift;
1.31 albertel 343: if ($r) {
344: my $headers=$r->headers_in;
345: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=$headers->{'Accept-language'};
346: }
1.52 raeburn 347: my @languages=&preferred_languages();
1.29 www 348: $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}='';
349: $lh=Apache::localize->get_handle(@languages);
1.37 albertel 350: if ($r) {
1.12 albertel 351: $r->content_languages([¤t_language()]);
1.8 www 352: }
1.16 www 353: ### setlocale(LC_ALL,¤t_locale);
1.18 www 354: }
355:
356: # ========================================================== Localize localtime
1.35 www 357: sub gettimezone {
1.53 raeburn 358: my ($timezone) = @_;
359: if ($timezone ne '') {
360: if (!DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
361: $timezone = 'local';
362: }
363: return $timezone;
364: }
365: my $cid = $Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'};
366: if ($cid ne '') {
367: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'}) {
368: $timezone = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.timezone'};
369: } else {
370: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
371: if ($cdom ne '') {
372: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
373: if ($domdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
374: $timezone = $domdefaults{'timezone_def'};
375: }
1.45 raeburn 376: }
377: }
1.50 raeburn 378: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'} ne '') {
379: my %uroledomdefs =
380: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.role.domain'});
381: if ($uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
382: $timezone = $uroledomdefs{'timezone_def'};
383: }
384: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
385: my %udomdefaults =
386: &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
387: if ($udomdefaults{'timezone_def'} ne '') {
388: $timezone = $udomdefaults{'timezone_def'};
389: }
1.42 albertel 390: }
1.46 raeburn 391: if ($timezone ne '') {
392: if (DateTime::TimeZone->is_valid_name($timezone)) {
393: return $timezone;
394: }
395: }
1.42 albertel 396: return 'local';
1.35 www 397: }
1.18 www 398:
399: sub locallocaltime {
1.53 raeburn 400: my ($thistime,$timezone) = @_;
1.40 albertel 401: if (!defined($thistime) || $thistime eq '') {
402: return &mt('Never');
403: }
1.47 raeburn 404: if (($thistime < 0) || ($thistime eq 'NaN')) {
405: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected time (negative or NaN) '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
406: return &mt('Never');
407: }
408: if ($thistime !~ /^\d+$/) {
409: &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Unexpected non-numeric time '$thistime' passed to lonlocal::locallocaltime");
410: return &mt('Never');
411: }
1.42 albertel 412:
413: my $dt = DateTime->from_epoch(epoch => $thistime)
1.53 raeburn 414: ->set_time_zone(&gettimezone($timezone));
1.18 www 415: if ((¤t_language=~/^en/) || (!$lh)) {
1.42 albertel 416:
417: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 418: } else {
419: my $format=$lh->maketext('date_locale');
420: if ($format eq 'date_locale') {
1.42 albertel 421: return $dt->strftime("%a %b %e %I:%M:%S %P %Y (%Z)");
1.18 www 422: }
1.42 albertel 423: my $time_zone = $dt->time_zone_short_name();
424: my $seconds = $dt->second();
425: my $minutes = $dt->minute();
426: my $twentyfour = $dt->hour();
427: my $day = $dt->day_of_month();
428: my $mon = $dt->month()-1;
429: my $year = $dt->year();
1.43 www 430: my $wday = $dt->wday();
431: if ($wday==7) { $wday=0; }
1.42 albertel 432: my $month =(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_months')))[$mon];
1.18 www 433: my $weekday=(split(/\,/,$lh->maketext('date_days')))[$wday];
434: if ($seconds<10) {
435: $seconds='0'.$seconds;
436: }
437: if ($minutes<10) {
438: $minutes='0'.$minutes;
439: }
440: my $twelve=$twentyfour;
1.19 www 441: my $ampm;
1.18 www 442: if ($twelve>12) {
443: $twelve-=12;
1.19 www 444: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_pm');
1.18 www 445: } else {
1.19 www 446: $ampm=$lh->maketext('date_am');
1.18 www 447: }
1.42 albertel 448: foreach ('seconds','minutes','twentyfour','twelve','day','year',
449: 'month','weekday','ampm') {
1.18 www 450: $format=~s/\$$_/eval('$'.$_)/gse;
451: }
1.42 albertel 452: return $format." ($time_zone)";
1.18 www 453: }
1.1 www 454: }
455:
1.49 raeburn 456: sub getdatelocale {
457: my ($datelocale,$locale_obj);
458: if ($Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'}) {
459: $datelocale = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.datelocale'};
460: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'} ne '') {
461: my $cdom = $Apache::lonnet::env{'course.'.$Apache::lonnet::env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'};
462: if ($cdom ne '') {
463: my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($cdom);
464: if ($domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
465: $datelocale = $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
466: }
467: }
468: } elsif ($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'} ne '') {
469: my %udomdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($Apache::lonnet::env{'user.domain'});
470: if ($udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'} ne '') {
471: $datelocale = $udomdefaults{'datelocale_def'};
472: }
473: }
474: if ($datelocale ne '') {
475: eval {
476: $locale_obj = DateTime::Locale->load($datelocale);
477: };
478: if (!$@) {
479: if ($locale_obj->id() eq $datelocale) {
480: return $locale_obj;
481: }
482: }
483: }
484: return $locale_obj;
485: }
486:
1.51 jms 487: =pod
488:
489: =item * normalize_string
490:
491: Normalize string (reduce fragility in the lexicon files)
1.49 raeburn 492:
1.51 jms 493: This normalizes a string to reduce fragility in the lexicon files of
494: huge messages (such as are used by the helper), and allow useful
495: formatting: reduce all consecutive whitespace to a single space,
496: and remove all HTML
497:
498: =cut
1.17 bowersj2 499:
500: sub normalize_string {
501: my $s = shift;
502: $s =~ s/\s+/ /g;
503: $s =~ s/<[^>]+>//g;
1.22 bowersj2 504: # Pop off beginning or ending spaces, which aren't good
505: $s =~ s/^\s+//;
506: $s =~ s/\s+$//;
1.17 bowersj2 507: return $s;
508: }
1.22 bowersj2 509:
1.51 jms 510: =pod
511:
512: =item * ns
513:
514: alias for normalize_string; recommend using it only in the lexicon
515:
516: =cut
517:
1.22 bowersj2 518: sub ns {
519: return normalize_string(@_);
520: }
521:
1.51 jms 522: =pod
523:
524: =item * mtn
525:
526: mtn: call the mt function and the normalization function easily.
527: Returns original non-normalized string if there was no translation
528:
529: =cut
530:
1.22 bowersj2 531: sub mtn (@) {
532: my @args = @_; # don't want to modify caller's string; if we
533: # didn't care about that we could set $_[0]
534: # directly
535: $args[0] = normalize_string($args[0]);
536: my $translation = &mt(@args);
537: if ($translation ne $args[0]) {
538: return $translation;
539: } else {
540: return $_[0];
541: }
1.27 www 542: }
543:
544: # ---------------------------------------------------- Replace MT{...} in files
545:
546: sub transstatic {
547: my $strptr=shift;
548: $$strptr=~s/MT\{([^\}]*)\}/&mt($1)/gse;
549: }
550:
1.41 albertel 551: =pod
552:
553: =item * mt_escape
554:
555: mt_escape takes a string reference and escape the [] in there so mt
556: will leave them as is and not try to expand them
557:
558: =cut
559:
560: sub mt_escape {
561: my ($str_ref) = @_;
562: $$str_ref =~s/~/~~/g;
563: $$str_ref =~s/([\[\]])/~$1/g;
564: }
565:
1.1 www 566: 1;
567:
568: __END__
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