--- loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm	2014/11/24 02:36:21	1.1269
+++ loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm	2017/08/11 00:25:30	1.1349
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The LearningOnline Network
 # TCP networking package
 #
-# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1269 2014/11/24 02:36:21 raeburn Exp $
+# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1349 2017/08/11 00:25:30 raeburn Exp $
 #
 # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
 #
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ delayed.
 package Apache::lonnet;
 
 use strict;
-use LWP::UserAgent();
 use HTTP::Date;
 use Image::Magick;
 
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ use GDBM_File;
 use HTML::LCParser;
 use Fcntl qw(:flock);
 use Storable qw(thaw nfreeze);
-use Time::HiRes qw( gettimeofday tv_interval );
+use Time::HiRes qw( sleep gettimeofday tv_interval );
 use Cache::Memcached;
 use Digest::MD5;
 use Math::Random;
@@ -101,11 +100,12 @@ use LONCAPA qw(:DEFAULT :match);
 use LONCAPA::Configuration;
 use LONCAPA::lonmetadata;
 use LONCAPA::Lond;
+use LONCAPA::LWPReq;
 
 use File::Copy;
 
 my $readit;
-my $max_connection_retries = 10;     # Or some such value.
+my $max_connection_retries = 20;     # Or some such value.
 
 require Exporter;
 
@@ -229,6 +229,52 @@ sub get_server_distarch {
     return;
 }
 
+sub get_servercerts_info {
+    my ($lonhost,$context) = @_;
+    my ($rep,$uselocal);
+    if (grep { $_ eq $lonhost } &current_machine_ids()) {
+        $uselocal = 1;
+    }
+    if (($context ne 'cgi') && ($uselocal)) {
+        my $distro = (split(/\:/,&get_server_distarch($lonhost)))[0];
+        if ($distro eq '') {
+            $uselocal = 0;
+        } elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:centos|redhat|scientific)(\d+)$/) {
+            if ($1 < 6) {
+                $uselocal = 0;
+            }
+        }  elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:sles)(\d+)$/) {
+            if ($1 < 12) {
+                $uselocal = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ($uselocal) {
+        $rep = LONCAPA::Lond::server_certs(\%perlvar);
+    } else {
+        $rep=&reply('servercerts',$lonhost);
+    }
+    my ($result,%returnhash);
+    if (defined($lonhost)) {
+        if (!defined(&hostname($lonhost))) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    if (($rep=~/^(refused|rejected|error)/) || ($rep eq 'con_lost') ||
+        ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd')) {
+        $result = $rep;
+    } else {
+        $result = 'ok';
+        my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
+        foreach my $item (@pairs) {
+            my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item,2);
+            my $what = &unescape($key);
+            $returnhash{$what}=&thaw_unescape($value);
+        }
+    }
+    return ($result,\%returnhash);
+}
+
 sub get_server_loncaparev {
     my ($dom,$lonhost,$ignore_cache,$caller) = @_;
     if (defined($lonhost)) {
@@ -263,13 +309,11 @@ sub get_server_loncaparev {
             $answer = &reply('serverloncaparev',$lonhost);
             if (($answer eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($answer eq 'con_lost')) {
                 if ($caller eq 'loncron') {
-                    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
-                    $ua->timeout(4);
                     my $protocol = $protocol{$lonhost};
                     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
                     my $url = $protocol.'://'.&hostname($lonhost).'/adm/about.html';
                     my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
-                    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+                    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar,4,1);
                     unless ($response->is_error()) {
                         my $content = $response->content;
                         if ($content =~ /<p>VERSION\:\s*([\w.\-]+)<\/p>/) {
@@ -375,7 +419,7 @@ sub subreply {
 
     my $lockfile=$peerfile.".lock";
     while (-e $lockfile) {	# Need to wait for the lockfile to disappear.
-	sleep(1);
+	sleep(0.1);
     }
     # At this point, either a loncnew parent is listening or an old lonc
     # or loncnew child is listening so we can connect or everything's dead.
@@ -393,7 +437,7 @@ sub subreply {
 	} else {
 	    &create_connection(&hostname($server),$server);
 	}
-        sleep(1);		# Try again later if failed connection.
+        sleep(0.1);	# Try again later if failed connection.
     }
     my $answer;
     if ($client) {
@@ -422,8 +466,8 @@ sub reply {
 
 sub reconlonc {
     my ($lonid) = @_;
-    my $hostname = &hostname($lonid);
     if ($lonid) {
+        my $hostname = &hostname($lonid);
 	my $peerfile="$perlvar{'lonSockDir'}/$hostname";
 	if ($hostname && -e $peerfile) {
 	    &logthis("Trying to reconnect lonc for $lonid ($hostname)");
@@ -448,7 +492,7 @@ sub reconlonc {
 	    &logthis("lonc at pid $loncpid responding, sending USR1");
             kill USR1 => $loncpid;
             sleep 1;
-         } else {
+        } else {
 	    &logthis(
                "<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
                " lonc at pid $loncpid not responding, giving up</font>");
@@ -469,7 +513,7 @@ sub critical {
     }
     my $answer=reply($cmd,$server);
     if ($answer eq 'con_lost') {
-	&reconlonc("$perlvar{'lonSockDir'}/$server");
+	&reconlonc($server);
 	my $answer=reply($cmd,$server);
         if ($answer eq 'con_lost') {
             my $now=time;
@@ -486,7 +530,7 @@ sub critical {
 		    close($dfh);
 		}
             }
-            sleep 2;
+            sleep 1;
             my $wcmd='';
             {
 		my $dfh;
@@ -608,10 +652,23 @@ sub transfer_profile_to_env {
 sub check_for_valid_session {
     my ($r,$name,$userhashref) = @_;
     my %cookies=CGI::Cookie->parse($r->header_in('Cookie'));
+    my ($linkname,$pubname);
     if ($name eq '') {
         $name = 'lonID';
+        $linkname = 'lonLinkID';
+        $pubname = 'lonPubID';
     }
     my $lonid=$cookies{$name};
+    if (!$lonid) {
+        if (($name eq 'lonID') && ($ENV{'SERVER_PORT'} != 443) && ($linkname)) {
+            $lonid=$cookies{$linkname};
+        }
+        if (!$lonid) {
+            if (($name eq 'lonID') && ($pubname)) {
+                $lonid=$cookies{$pubname};
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return undef if (!$lonid);
 
     my $handle=&LONCAPA::clean_handle($lonid->value);
@@ -849,10 +906,8 @@ sub spareserver {
     if (ref($spareshash) eq 'HASH') {
         if (ref($spareshash->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
             foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'primary'} }) {
-                if ($uint_dom) {
-                    next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,$remotesessions,
-                                                 $try_server));
-                }
+                next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,$remotesessions,
+                                             $try_server));
 	        ($spare_server, $lowest_load) =
 	            &compare_server_load($try_server, $spare_server, $lowest_load);
             }
@@ -863,10 +918,8 @@ sub spareserver {
         if (!$found_server) {
             if (ref($spareshash->{'default'}) eq 'ARRAY') { 
 	        foreach my $try_server (@{ $spareshash->{'default'} }) {
-                    if ($uint_dom) {
-                        next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,
-                                                     $remotesessions,$try_server));
-                    }
+                    next unless (&spare_can_host($udom,$uint_dom,
+                                                 $remotesessions,$try_server));
 	            ($spare_server, $lowest_load) =
 		        &compare_server_load($try_server, $spare_server, $lowest_load);
                 }
@@ -1011,7 +1064,7 @@ sub choose_server {
     if ($login_host ne '') {
         $hostname = &hostname($login_host);
     }
-    return ($login_host,$hostname,$portal_path,$isredirect);
+    return ($login_host,$hostname,$portal_path,$isredirect,$lowest_load);
 }
 
 # --------------------------------------------- Try to change a user's password
@@ -1178,19 +1231,27 @@ sub can_host_session {
 sub spare_can_host {
     my ($udom,$uint_dom,$remotesessions,$try_server)=@_;
     my $canhost=1;
-    my @intdoms;
-    my $internet_names = &Apache::lonnet::get_internet_names($try_server);
-    if (ref($internet_names) eq 'ARRAY') {
-        @intdoms = @{$internet_names};
-    }
-    unless (grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@intdoms)) {
-        my $serverhomeID = &Apache::lonnet::get_server_homeID($try_server);
-        my $serverhomedom = &Apache::lonnet::host_domain($serverhomeID);
-        my %defdomdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($serverhomedom);
-        my $remoterev = &Apache::lonnet::get_server_loncaparev(undef,$try_server);
-        $canhost = &can_host_session($udom,$try_server,$remoterev,
-                                     $remotesessions,
-                                     $defdomdefaults{'hostedsessions'});
+    my $try_server_hostname = &hostname($try_server);
+    my $serverhomeID = &get_server_homeID($try_server_hostname);
+    my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($serverhomeID);
+    my %defdomdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($serverhomedom);
+    if (ref($defdomdefaults{'offloadnow'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        if ($defdomdefaults{'offloadnow'}{$try_server}) {
+            $canhost = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if (($canhost) && ($uint_dom)) {
+        my @intdoms;
+        my $internet_names = &get_internet_names($try_server);
+        if (ref($internet_names) eq 'ARRAY') {
+            @intdoms = @{$internet_names};
+        }
+        unless (grep(/^\Q$uint_dom\E$/,@intdoms)) {
+            my $remoterev = &get_server_loncaparev(undef,$try_server);
+            $canhost = &can_host_session($udom,$try_server,$remoterev,
+                                         $remotesessions,
+                                         $defdomdefaults{'hostedsessions'});
+        }
     }
     return $canhost;
 }
@@ -1275,7 +1336,7 @@ sub get_lonbalancer_config {
 }
 
 sub check_loadbalancing {
-    my ($uname,$udom) = @_;
+    my ($uname,$udom,$caller) = @_;
     my ($is_balancer,$currtargets,$currrules,$dom_in_use,$homeintdom,
         $rule_in_effect,$offloadto,$otherserver);
     my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
@@ -1284,7 +1345,7 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
     my $uintdom = &Apache::lonnet::internet_dom($uprimary_id);
     my $intdom = &Apache::lonnet::internet_dom($lonhost);
     my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($lonhost);
-
+    my $domneedscache;
     my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
 
     if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
@@ -1299,6 +1360,8 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
             &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$dom_in_use);
         if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
             $result = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$dom_in_use,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},$cachetime);
+        } else {
+            $domneedscache = $dom_in_use;
         }
     }
     if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
@@ -1357,7 +1420,9 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
             my %domconfig =
                 &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['loadbalancing'],$serverhomedom);
             if (ref($domconfig{'loadbalancing'}) eq 'HASH') {
-                $result = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$dom_in_use,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},$cachetime);
+                $result = &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$serverhomedom,$domconfig{'loadbalancing'},$cachetime);
+            } else {
+                $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
             }
         }
         if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
@@ -1377,12 +1442,21 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
                 $is_balancer = 1;
                 $offloadto = &this_host_spares($dom_in_use);
             }
+            unless (defined($cached)) {
+                $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
+            }
         }
     } else {
         if ($perlvar{'lonBalancer'} eq 'yes') {
             $is_balancer = 1;
             $offloadto = &this_host_spares($dom_in_use);
         }
+        unless (defined($cached)) {
+            $domneedscache = $serverhomedom;
+        }
+    }
+    if ($domneedscache) {
+        &do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$domneedscache,$is_balancer,$cachetime);
     }
     if ($is_balancer) {
         my $lowest_load = 30000;
@@ -1413,13 +1487,15 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (($otherserver ne '') && (grep(/^\Q$otherserver\E$/,@hosts))) {
-            $is_balancer = 0;
-            if ($uname ne '' && $udom ne '') {
-                if (($env{'user.name'} eq $uname) && ($env{'user.domain'} eq $udom)) {
+        unless ($caller eq 'login') {
+            if (($otherserver ne '') && (grep(/^\Q$otherserver\E$/,@hosts))) {
+                $is_balancer = 0;
+                if ($uname ne '' && $udom ne '') {
+                    if (($env{'user.name'} eq $uname) && ($env{'user.domain'} eq $udom)) {
                     
-                    &appenv({'user.loadbalexempt'     => $lonhost,  
-                             'user.loadbalcheck.time' => time});
+                        &appenv({'user.loadbalexempt'     => $lonhost,  
+                                 'user.loadbalcheck.time' => time});
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1522,6 +1598,100 @@ sub internet_dom_servers {
     return %uniqservers;
 }
 
+sub trusted_domains {
+    my ($cmdtype,$calldom) = @_;
+    my ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    if (&domain($calldom) eq '') {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+    unless ($cmdtype =~ /^(content|shared|enroll|coaurem|domroles|catalog|reqcrs|msg)$/) {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+    my $callprimary = &domain($calldom,'primary');
+    my $intcalldom = &Apache::lonnet::internet_dom($callprimary);
+    if ($intcalldom eq '') {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+
+    my ($trustconfig,$cached)=&Apache::lonnet::is_cached_new('trust',$calldom);
+    unless (defined($cached)) {
+        my %domconfig = &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['trust'],$calldom);
+        &Apache::lonnet::do_cache_new('trust',$calldom,$domconfig{'trust'},3600);
+        $trustconfig = $domconfig{'trust'};
+    }
+    if (ref($trustconfig)) {
+        my (%possexc,%possinc,@allexc,@allinc); 
+        if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}) eq 'HASH') {
+            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                map { $possexc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}}; 
+            }
+            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                map { $possinc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}};
+            }
+        }
+        if (keys(%possexc)) {
+            if (keys(%possinc)) {
+                foreach my $key (sort(keys(%possexc))) {
+                    next if ($key eq $intcalldom);
+                    unless ($possinc{$key}) {
+                        push(@allexc,$key);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                @allexc = sort(keys(%possexc));
+            }
+        }
+        if (keys(%possinc)) {
+            $possinc{$intcalldom} = 1;
+            @allinc = sort(keys(%possinc));
+        }
+        if ((@allexc > 0) || (@allinc > 0)) {
+            my %doms_by_intdom;
+            my %allintdoms = &all_host_intdom();
+            my %alldoms = &all_host_domain();
+            foreach my $key (%allintdoms) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    unless (grep(/^\Q$alldoms{$key}\E$/,@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}})) {
+                        push(@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}},$alldoms{$key});
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}} = [$alldoms{$key}]; 
+                }
+            }
+            foreach my $exc (@allexc) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$exc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    $untrusted = $doms_by_intdom{$exc};
+                }
+            }
+            foreach my $inc (@allinc) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$inc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    $trusted = $doms_by_intdom{$inc};
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+}
+
+sub will_trust {
+    my ($cmdtype,$domain,$possdom) = @_;
+    return 1 if ($domain eq $possdom);
+    my ($trustedref,$untrustedref) = &trusted_domains($cmdtype,$possdom);
+    my $willtrust; 
+    if ((ref($trustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$trustedref} > 0)) {
+        if (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$trustedref})) {
+            $willtrust = 1;
+        }
+    } elsif ((ref($untrustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$untrustedref} > 0)) {
+        unless (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$untrustedref})) {
+            $willtrust = 1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        $willtrust = 1;
+    }
+    return $willtrust;
+}
+
 # ---------------------- Find the homebase for a user from domain's lib servers
 
 my %homecache;
@@ -1547,17 +1717,33 @@ sub homeserver {
     return 'no_host';
 }
 
-# ------------------------------------- Find the usernames behind a list of IDs
+# ----- Find the usernames behind a list of student/employee IDs or clicker IDs
 
 sub idget {
-    my ($udom,@ids)=@_;
+    my ($udom,$idsref,$namespace)=@_;
     my %returnhash=();
+    my @ids=(); 
+    if (ref($idsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
+        @ids = @{$idsref};
+    } else {
+        return %returnhash; 
+    }
+    if ($namespace eq '') {
+        $namespace = 'ids';
+    }
     
     my %servers = &get_servers($udom,'library');
     foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
-	my $idlist=join('&',@ids);
-	$idlist=~tr/A-Z/a-z/; 
-	my $reply=&reply("idget:$udom:".$idlist,$tryserver);
+	my $idlist=join('&', map { &escape($_); } @ids);
+	if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
+	    $idlist=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
+	}
+	my $reply;
+	if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
+	    $reply=&reply("idget:$udom:".$idlist,$tryserver);
+	} else {
+	    $reply=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$idlist",$tryserver);
+	}
 	my @answer=();
 	if (($reply ne 'con_lost') && ($reply!~/^error\:/)) {
 	    @answer=split(/\&/,$reply);
@@ -1565,10 +1751,10 @@ sub idget {
 	my $i;
 	for ($i=0;$i<=$#ids;$i++) {
 	    if ($answer[$i]) {
-		$returnhash{$ids[$i]}=$answer[$i];
-	    } 
+		$returnhash{$ids[$i]}=&unescape($answer[$i]);
+	    }
 	}
-    } 
+    }
     return %returnhash;
 }
 
@@ -1583,60 +1769,141 @@ sub idrget {
     return %returnhash;
 }
 
-# ------------------------------- Store away a list of names and associated IDs
+# Store away a list of names and associated student/employee IDs or clicker IDs
 
 sub idput {
-    my ($udom,%ids)=@_;
+    my ($udom,$idsref,$uhom,$namespace)=@_;
     my %servers=();
+    my %ids=();
+    my %byid = ();
+    if (ref($idsref) eq 'HASH') {
+        %ids=%{$idsref};
+    }
+    if ($namespace eq '') {
+        $namespace = 'ids'; 
+    }
     foreach my $uname (keys(%ids)) {
 	&cput('environment',{'id'=>$ids{$uname}},$udom,$uname);
-        my $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
+        if ($uhom eq '') {
+            $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
+        }
         if ($uhom ne 'no_host') {
-            my $id=&escape($ids{$uname});
-            $id=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
             my $esc_unam=&escape($uname);
-	    if ($servers{$uhom}) {
-		$servers{$uhom}.='&'.$id.'='.$esc_unam;
+            if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
+                my $id=&escape($ids{$uname});
+                $id=~tr/A-Z/a-z/;
+                my $esc_unam=&escape($uname);
+                $servers{$uhom}.=$id.'='.$esc_unam.'&';
             } else {
-                $servers{$uhom}=$id.'='.$esc_unam;
+                my @currids = split(/,/,$ids{$uname});
+                foreach my $id (@currids) {
+                    $byid{$uhom}{$id} .= $uname.',';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
+        foreach my $server (keys(%byid)) {
+            if (ref($byid{$server}) eq 'HASH') {
+                foreach my $id (keys(%{$byid{$server}})) {
+                    $byid{$server} =~ s/,$//;
+                    $servers{$uhom}.=&escape($id).'='.&escape($byid{$server}).'&'; 
+                }
             }
         }
     }
     foreach my $server (keys(%servers)) {
-        &critical('idput:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$server);
+        $servers{$server} =~ s/\&$//;
+        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {     
+            &critical('idput:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$server);
+        } else {
+            &critical('updateclickers:'.$udom.':add:'.$servers{$server},$server);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-# ---------------------------------------- Delete unwanted IDs from ids.db file 
+# ------------- Delete unwanted student/employee IDs or clicker IDs from domain
 
 sub iddel {
-    my ($udom,$idshashref,$uhome)=@_;
+    my ($udom,$idshashref,$uhome,$namespace)=@_;
     my %result=();
-    unless (ref($idshashref) eq 'HASH') {
+    my %ids=();
+    my %byid = ();
+    if (ref($idshashref) eq 'HASH') {
+        %ids=%{$idshashref};
+    } else {
         return %result;
     }
+    if ($namespace eq '') {
+        $namespace = 'ids';
+    }
     my %servers=();
-    while (my ($id,$uname) = each(%{$idshashref})) {
-        my $uhom;
-        if ($uhome) {
-            $uhom = $uhome;
-        } else {
-            $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
-        }
-        if ($uhom ne 'no_host') {
-            if ($servers{$uhom}) {
+    while (my ($id,$unamestr) = each(%ids)) {
+        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
+            my $uhom = $uhome;
+            if ($uhom eq '') { 
+                $uhom=&homeserver($unamestr,$udom);
+            }
+            if ($uhom ne 'no_host') {
                 $servers{$uhom}.='&'.&escape($id);
-            } else {
-                $servers{$uhom}=&escape($id);
+            }
+         } else {
+            my @curritems = split(/,/,$ids{$id});
+            foreach my $uname (@curritems) {
+                my $uhom = $uhome;
+                if ($uhom eq '') {
+                    $uhom=&homeserver($uname,$udom);
+                }
+                if ($uhom ne 'no_host') { 
+                    $byid{$uhom}{$id} .= $uname.',';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
+        foreach my $server (keys(%byid)) {
+            if (ref($byid{$server}) eq 'HASH') {
+                foreach my $id (keys(%{$byid{$server}})) {
+                    $byid{$server}{$id} =~ s/,$//;
+                    $servers{$server}.=&escape($id).'='.&escape($byid{$server}{$id}).'&';
+                }
             }
         }
     }
     foreach my $server (keys(%servers)) {
-        $result{$server} = &critical('iddel:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$uhome);
+        $servers{$server} =~ s/\&$//;
+        if ($namespace eq 'ids') {
+            $result{$server} = &critical('iddel:'.$udom.':'.$servers{$server},$uhome);
+        } elsif ($namespace eq 'clickers') {
+            $result{$server} = &critical('updateclickers:'.$udom.':del:'.$servers{$server},$server);
+        }
     }
     return %result;
 }
 
+# ----- Update clicker ID-to-username look-ups in clickers.db on library server 
+
+sub updateclickers {
+    my ($udom,$action,$idshashref,$uhome,$critical) = @_;
+    my %clickers;
+    if (ref($idshashref) eq 'HASH') {
+        %clickers=%{$idshashref};
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+    my $items='';
+    foreach my $item (keys(%clickers)) {
+        $items.=&escape($item).'='.&escape($clickers{$item}).'&';
+    }
+    $items=~s/\&$//;
+    my $request = "updateclickers:$udom:$action:$items";
+    if ($critical) {
+        return &critical($request,$uhome);
+    } else {
+        return &reply($request,$uhome);
+    }
+}
+
 # ------------------------------dump from db file owned by domainconfig user
 sub dump_dom {
     my ($namespace, $udom, $regexp) = @_;
@@ -1674,7 +1941,12 @@ sub get_dom {
         }
     }
     if ($udom && $uhome && ($uhome ne 'no_host')) {
-        my $rep=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        my $rep;
+        if ($namespace =~ /^enc/) {
+            $rep=&reply("encrypt:egetdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        } else {
+            $rep=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        }
         my %returnhash;
         if ($rep eq '' || $rep =~ /^error: 2 /) {
             return %returnhash;
@@ -1718,7 +1990,11 @@ sub put_dom {
             $items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
         }
         $items=~s/\&$//;
-        return &reply("putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        if ($namespace =~ /^enc/) {
+            return &reply("encrypt:putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        } else {
+            return &reply("putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        }
     } else {
         &logthis("put_dom failed - no homeserver and/or domain");
     }
@@ -1794,7 +2070,7 @@ sub retrieve_inst_usertypes {
 
 sub is_domainimage {
     my ($url) = @_;
-    if ($url=~m-^/+res/+($match_domain)/+\1\-domainconfig/+(img|logo|domlogo)/+-) {
+    if ($url=~m-^/+res/+($match_domain)/+\1\-domainconfig/+(img|logo|domlogo)/+[^/]-) {
         if (&domain($1) ne '') {
             return '1';
         }
@@ -1815,7 +2091,7 @@ sub inst_directory_query {
 			   &escape($srch->{'srchtype'}),$homeserver);
 	my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
 	if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
-	    &logthis('instituional directory search invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.'in domain '.$udom);
+	    &logthis('institutional directory search invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.' in domain '.$udom);
 	    return;
 	}
 	my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
@@ -1935,6 +2211,63 @@ sub get_instuser {
     return ($outcome,%userinfo);
 }
 
+sub get_multiple_instusers {
+    my ($udom,$users,$caller) = @_;
+    my ($outcome,$results);
+    if (ref($users) eq 'HASH') {
+        my $count = keys(%{$users}); 
+        my $requested = &freeze_escape($users);
+        my $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
+        if ($homeserver ne '') {
+            my $queryid=&reply('querysend:getmultinstusers:::'.$caller.'='.$requested,$homeserver);
+            my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
+            if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
+                &logthis('get_multiple_instusers invalid queryid: '.$queryid.
+                         ' for host: '.$homeserver.'in domain '.$udom);
+                return ($outcome,$results);
+            }
+            my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
+            my $maxtries = 5;
+            if ($count > 100) {
+                $maxtries = 1+int($count/20);
+            }
+            my $tries = 1;
+            while (($response=~/^timeout/) && ($tries <= $maxtries)) {
+                $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
+                $tries ++;
+            }
+            if ($response eq '') {
+                $results = {};
+                foreach my $key (keys(%{$users})) {
+                    my ($uname,$id);
+                    if ($caller eq 'id') {
+                        $id = $key;
+                    } else {
+                        $uname = $key;
+                    }
+                    my ($resp,%info) = &get_instuser($udom,$uname,$id);
+                    $outcome = $resp;
+                    if ($resp eq 'ok') {
+                        %{$results} = (%{$results}, %info);
+                    } else {
+                        last;
+                    }
+                }
+            } elsif(!&error($response) && ($response ne 'refused')) {
+                if (($response eq 'unavailable') || ($response eq 'invalid') || ($response eq 'timeout')) {
+                    $outcome = $response;
+                } else {
+                    ($outcome,my $userdata) = split(/=/,$response,2);
+                    if ($outcome eq 'ok') {
+                        $results = &thaw_unescape($userdata); 
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ($outcome,$results);
+}
+
 sub inst_rulecheck {
     my ($udom,$uname,$id,$item,$rules) = @_;
     my %returnhash;
@@ -2031,8 +2364,9 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
                                   'requestcourses','inststatus',
                                   'coursedefaults','usersessions',
                                   'requestauthor','selfenrollment',
-                                  'coursecategories'],$domain);
-    my @coursetypes = ('official','unofficial','community','textbook');
+                                  'coursecategories','ssl','autoenroll',
+                                  'trust','helpsettings'],$domain);
+    my @coursetypes = ('official','unofficial','community','textbook','placement');
     if (ref($domconfig{'defaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
         $domdefaults{'lang_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'lang_def'}; 
         $domdefaults{'auth_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'auth_def'};
@@ -2040,6 +2374,9 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
         $domdefaults{'timezone_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'timezone_def'};
         $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'datelocale_def'};
         $domdefaults{'portal_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'portal_def'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_cost'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_cost'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_switch'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_switch'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_check'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_check'};
     } else {
         $domdefaults{'lang_def'} = &domain($domain,'lang_def');
         $domdefaults{'auth_def'} = &domain($domain,'auth_def');
@@ -2062,7 +2399,7 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
         }
     }
     if (ref($domconfig{'requestcourses'}) eq 'HASH') {
-        foreach my $item ('official','unofficial','community','textbook') {
+        foreach my $item ('official','unofficial','community','textbook','placement') {
             $domdefaults{$item} = $domconfig{'requestcourses'}{$item};
         }
     }
@@ -2076,6 +2413,11 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
     }
     if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
         $domdefaults{'canuse_pdfforms'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canuse_pdfforms'};
+        $domdefaults{'usejsme'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'usejsme'};
+        $domdefaults{'uselcmath'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uselcmath'};
+        if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'postsubmit'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'client'};
+        }
         foreach my $type (@coursetypes) {
             if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'coursecredits'}) eq 'HASH') {
                 unless ($type eq 'community') {
@@ -2085,6 +2427,22 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
             if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uploadquota'}) eq 'HASH') {
                 $domdefaults{$type.'quota'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'uploadquota'}{$type};
             }
+            if ($domdefaults{'postsubmit'} eq 'on') {
+                if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'timeout'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                    $domdefaults{$type.'postsubtimeout'} = 
+                        $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'postsubmit'}{'timeout'}{$type}; 
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            if (ref($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}{'instcode'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                my @clonecodes = @{$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}{'instcode'}};
+                if (@clonecodes) {
+                    $domdefaults{'canclone'} = join('+',@clonecodes);
+                }
+            }
+        } elsif ($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}) {
+            $domdefaults{'canclone'}=$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'};
         }
     }
     if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}) eq 'HASH') {
@@ -2094,6 +2452,9 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
         if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'hosted'}) eq 'HASH') {
             $domdefaults{'hostedsessions'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'hosted'};
         }
+        if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadnow'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'offloadnow'} = $domconfig{'usersessions'}{'offloadnow'};
+        }
     }
     if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}) eq 'HASH') {
         if (ref($domconfig{'selfenrollment'}{'admin'}) eq 'HASH') {
@@ -2133,10 +2494,54 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
             $domdefaults{'catunauth'} = $domconfig{'coursecategories'}{'unauth'};
         }
     }
+    if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'replication'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'replication'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'replication'};
+        }
+        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'connto'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'connect'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'connto'};
+        }
+        if (ref($domconfig{'ssl'}{'connfrom'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'connect'} = $domconfig{'ssl'}{'connfrom'};
+        }
+    }
+    if (ref($domconfig{'trust'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        my @prefixes = qw(content shared enroll othcoau coaurem domroles catalog reqcrs msg);
+        foreach my $prefix (@prefixes) {
+            if (ref($domconfig{'trust'}{$prefix}) eq 'HASH') {
+                $domdefaults{'trust'.$prefix} = $domconfig{'trust'}{$prefix};
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (ref($domconfig{'autoenroll'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        $domdefaults{'autofailsafe'} = $domconfig{'autoenroll'}{'autofailsafe'};
+    }
+    if (ref($domconfig{'helpsettings'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        $domdefaults{'submitbugs'} = $domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'submitbugs'};
+        if (ref($domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'adhoc'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            $domdefaults{'adhocroles'} = $domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'adhoc'};
+        }
+    }
     &do_cache_new('domdefaults',$domain,\%domdefaults,$cachetime);
     return %domdefaults;
 }
 
+sub course_portal_url {
+    my ($cnum,$cdom) = @_;
+    my $chome = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
+    my $hostname = &hostname($chome);
+    my $protocol = $protocol{$chome};
+    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
+    my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($cdom);
+    my $firsturl;
+    if ($domdefaults{'portal_def'}) {
+        $firsturl = $domdefaults{'portal_def'};
+    } else {
+        $firsturl = $protocol.'://'.$hostname;
+    }
+    return $firsturl;
+}
+
 # --------------------------------------------------- Assign a key to a student
 
 sub assign_access_key {
@@ -2373,21 +2778,23 @@ sub make_key {
 sub devalidate_cache_new {
     my ($name,$id,$debug) = @_;
     if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("deleting $name:$id"); }
+    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id;
     $id=&make_key($name,$id);
     $memcache->delete($id);
-    delete($remembered{$id});
-    delete($accessed{$id});
+    delete($remembered{$remembered_id});
+    delete($accessed{$remembered_id});
 }
 
 sub is_cached_new {
     my ($name,$id,$debug) = @_;
-    $id=&make_key($name,$id);
-    if (exists($remembered{$id})) {
-	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Early return $id of $remembered{$id} "); }
-	$accessed{$id}=[&gettimeofday()];
+    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id; # this is to avoid make_key (which is slow) whenever possible
+    if (exists($remembered{$remembered_id})) {
+	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("Early return $remembered_id of $remembered{$remembered_id} "); }
+	$accessed{$remembered_id}=[&gettimeofday()];
 	$hits++;
-	return ($remembered{$id},1);
+	return ($remembered{$remembered_id},1);
     }
+    $id=&make_key($name,$id);
     my $value = $memcache->get($id);
     if (!(defined($value))) {
 	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is not defined"); }
@@ -2397,13 +2804,14 @@ sub is_cached_new {
 	if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is __undef__"); }
 	$value=undef;
     }
-    &make_room($id,$value,$debug);
+    &make_room($remembered_id,$value,$debug);
     if ($debug) { &Apache::lonnet::logthis("getting $id is $value"); }
     return ($value,1);
 }
 
 sub do_cache_new {
     my ($name,$id,$value,$time,$debug) = @_;
+    my $remembered_id=$name.':'.$id;
     $id=&make_key($name,$id);
     my $setvalue=$value;
     if (!defined($setvalue)) {
@@ -2419,17 +2827,17 @@ sub do_cache_new {
 	$memcache->disconnect_all();
     }
     # need to make a copy of $value
-    &make_room($id,$value,$debug);
+    &make_room($remembered_id,$value,$debug);
     return $value;
 }
 
 sub make_room {
-    my ($id,$value,$debug)=@_;
+    my ($remembered_id,$value,$debug)=@_;
 
-    $remembered{$id}= (ref($value)) ? &Storable::dclone($value)
+    $remembered{$remembered_id}= (ref($value)) ? &Storable::dclone($value)
                                     : $value;
     if ($to_remember<0) { return; }
-    $accessed{$id}=[&gettimeofday()];
+    $accessed{$remembered_id}=[&gettimeofday()];
     if (scalar(keys(%remembered)) <= $to_remember) { return; }
     my $to_kick;
     my $max_time=0;
@@ -2641,9 +3049,13 @@ sub repcopy {
 		   mkdir($path,0777);
                }
            }
-           my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
            my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$remoteurl");
-           my $response=$ua->request($request,$transname);
+           my $response;
+           if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
+               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
+           } else {
+               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',1);
+           }
            if ($response->is_error()) {
 	       unlink($transname);
                my $message=$response->status_line;
@@ -2653,7 +3065,12 @@ sub repcopy {
            } else {
 	       if ($remoteurl!~/\.meta$/) {
                   my $mrequest=new HTTP::Request('GET',$remoteurl.'.meta');
-                  my $mresponse=$ua->request($mrequest,$filename.'.meta');
+                  my $mresponse;
+                  if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
+                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
+                  } else {
+                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',1);
+                  }
                   if ($mresponse->is_error()) {
 		      unlink($filename.'.meta');
                       &logthis(
@@ -2716,35 +3133,37 @@ sub absolute_url {
 sub ssi {
 
     my ($fn,%form)=@_;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request;
 
     $form{'no_update_last_known'}=1;
     &Apache::lonenc::check_encrypt(\$fn);
     if (%form) {
       $request=new HTTP::Request('POST',&absolute_url().$fn);
-      $request->content(join('&',map { &escape($_).'='.&escape($form{$_}) } keys(%form)));
+      $request->content(join('&',map { 
+            my $name = escape($_);
+            "$name=" . ( ref($form{$_}) eq 'ARRAY' 
+            ? join("&$name=", map {escape($_) } @{$form{$_}}) 
+            : &escape($form{$_}) );    
+        } keys(%form)));
     } else {
       $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',&absolute_url().$fn);
     }
 
     $request->header(Cookie => $ENV{'HTTP_COOKIE'});
-    my $response= $ua->request($request);
-    my $content = $response->content;
-
+    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
+    my $response= &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar);
 
     if (wantarray) {
-	return ($content, $response);
+	return ($response->content, $response);
     } else {
-	return $content;
+	return $response->content;
     }
 }
 
 sub externalssi {
     my ($url)=@_;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar);
     if (wantarray) {
         return ($response->content, $response);
     } else {
@@ -2890,6 +3309,14 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                         $forceedit = 1;
                     }
                     $cfile = $resurl;
+                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
+                    $incourse = 1;
+                    if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
+                        $forceview = 1;
+                    } else {
+                        $forceedit = 1;
+                    }
+                    $cfile = $resurl;
                 } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/viewclasslist$}) {
                     $incourse = 1;
                     if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
@@ -2914,6 +3341,14 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                         $forceedit = 1;
                     }
                     $cfile = $resurl;
+            } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) && ($env{'form.folderpath'} =~ /^supplemental/)) {
+                $incourse = 1;
+                if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
+                    $forceview = 1;
+                } else {
+                    $forceedit = 1;
+                }
+                $cfile = $resurl;
             } elsif (($resurl eq '/adm/extresedit') && ($symb || $env{'form.folderpath'})) {
                 $incourse = 1;
                 $forceview = 1;
@@ -2923,8 +3358,13 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                     $cfile = &clutter($res);
                 } else {
                     $cfile = $env{'form.suppurl'};
-                    $cfile =~ s{^http://}{};
-                    $cfile = '/adm/wrapper/ext/'.$cfile;
+                    my $escfile = &unescape($cfile);
+                    if ($escfile =~ m{^/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
+                        $cfile = '/adm/wrapper'.$escfile;
+                    } else {
+                        $escfile =~ s{^http://}{};
+                        $cfile = &escape("/adm/wrapper/ext/$escfile");
+                    }
                 }
             } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/?adm/viewclasslist$}) {
                 if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
@@ -3806,7 +4246,7 @@ sub flushcourselogs {
         }
     }
 #
-# Reverse lookup of domain roles (dc, ad, li, sc, au)
+# Reverse lookup of domain roles (dc, ad, li, sc, dh, da, au)
 #
     my %domrolebuffer = ();
     foreach my $entry (keys(%domainrolehash)) {
@@ -3821,10 +4261,19 @@ sub flushcourselogs {
         delete $domainrolehash{$entry};
     }
     foreach my $dom (keys(%domrolebuffer)) {
-	my %servers = &get_servers($dom,'library');
+	my %servers;
+	if (defined(&domain($dom,'primary'))) {
+	    my $primary=&domain($dom,'primary');
+	    my $hostname=&hostname($primary);
+	    $servers{$primary} = $hostname;
+	} else { 
+	    %servers = &get_servers($dom,'library');
+	}
 	foreach my $tryserver (keys(%servers)) {
-	    unless (&reply('domroleput:'.$dom.':'.
-			   $domrolebuffer{$dom},$tryserver) eq 'ok') {
+	    if (&reply('domroleput:'.$dom.':'.
+		       $domrolebuffer{$dom},$tryserver) eq 'ok') {
+		last;
+	    } else {  
 		&logthis('Put of domain roles failed for '.$dom.' and  '.$tryserver);
 	    }
         }
@@ -3944,7 +4393,7 @@ sub userrolelog {
          {$trole.':'.$username.':'.$domain.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'}.':'}
                     =$tend.':'.$tstart;
     }
-    if ($trole =~ /^(dc|ad|li|au|dg|sc)/ ) {
+    if ($trole =~ /^(dc|ad|li|au|dg|sc|dh|da)/ ) {
        my (undef,$rudom,$runame,$rsec)=split(/\//,$area);
        $domainrolehash
          {$trole.':'.$username.':'.$domain.':'.$runame.':'.$rudom.':'.$rsec}
@@ -4171,6 +4620,195 @@ sub get_my_roles {
     return %returnhash;
 }
 
+sub get_all_adhocroles {
+    my ($dom) = @_;
+    my @roles_by_num = ();
+    my %domdefaults = &get_domain_defaults($dom);
+    my (%description,%access_in_dom,%access_info);
+    if (ref($domdefaults{'adhocroles'}) eq 'HASH') {
+        my $count = 0;
+        my %domcurrent = %{$domdefaults{'adhocroles'}};
+        my %ordered;
+        foreach my $role (sort(keys(%domcurrent))) {
+            my ($order,$desc,$access_in_dom);
+            if (ref($domcurrent{$role}) eq 'HASH') {
+                $order = $domcurrent{$role}{'order'};
+                $desc = $domcurrent{$role}{'desc'};
+                $access_in_dom{$role} = $domcurrent{$role}{'access'};
+                $access_info{$role} = $domcurrent{$role}{$access_in_dom{$role}};
+            }
+            if ($order eq '') {
+                $order = $count;
+            }
+            $ordered{$order} = $role;
+            if ($desc ne '') {
+                $description{$role} = $desc;
+            } else {
+                $description{$role}= $role;
+            }
+            $count++;
+        }
+        foreach my $item (sort {$a <=> $b } (keys(%ordered))) {
+            push(@roles_by_num,$ordered{$item});
+        }
+    }
+    return (\@roles_by_num,\%description,\%access_in_dom,\%access_info);
+}
+
+sub get_my_adhocroles {
+    my ($cid,$checkreg) = @_;
+    my ($cdom,$cnum,%info,@possroles,$description,$roles_by_num);
+    if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cid) {
+        $cdom = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.domain'};
+        $cnum = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.num'};
+        $info{'internal.coursecode'} = $env{'course.'.$cid.'.internal.coursecode'};
+    } elsif ($cid =~ /^($match_domain)_($match_courseid)$/) {
+        $cdom = $1;
+        $cnum = $2;
+        %info = &Apache::lonnet::get('environment',['internal.coursecode'],
+                                     $cdom,$cnum);
+    }
+    if (($info{'internal.coursecode'} ne '') && ($checkreg)) {
+        my $user = $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
+        my %rosterhash = &get('classlist',[$user],$cdom,$cnum);
+        if ($rosterhash{$user} ne '') {
+            my $type = (split(/:/,$rosterhash{$user}))[5];
+            return ([],{}) if ($type eq 'auto');
+        }
+    }
+    if (($cdom ne '') && ($cnum ne ''))  {
+        if (($env{"user.role.dh./$cdom/"}) || ($env{"user.role.da./$cdom/"})) {
+            my $then=$env{'user.login.time'};
+            my $update=$env{'user.update.time'};
+            if (!$update) {
+                $update = $then;
+            }
+            my @liveroles;
+            foreach my $role ('dh','da') {
+                if ($env{"user.role.$role./$cdom/"}) {
+                    my ($tstart,$tend)=split(/\./,$env{"user.role.$role./$cdom/"});
+                    my $limit = $update;
+                    if ($env{'request.role'} eq "$role./$cdom/") {
+                        $limit = $then;
+                    }
+                    my $activerole = 1;
+                    if ($tstart && $tstart>$limit) { $activerole = 0; }
+                    if ($tend   && $tend  <$limit) { $activerole = 0; }
+                    if ($activerole) {
+                        push(@liveroles,$role);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (@liveroles) {
+                if (&homeserver($cnum,$cdom) ne 'no_host') {
+                    my ($accessref,$accessinfo,%access_in_dom);
+                    ($roles_by_num,$description,$accessref,$accessinfo) = &get_all_adhocroles($cdom);
+                    if (ref($roles_by_num) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                        if (@{$roles_by_num}) {
+                            my %settings;
+                            if ($env{'request.course.id'} eq $cid) {
+                                foreach my $envkey (keys(%env)) {
+                                    if ($envkey =~ /^\Qcourse.$cid.\E(internal\.adhoc.+)$/) {
+                                        $settings{$1} = $env{$envkey};
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                %settings = &dump('environment',$cdom,$cnum,'internal\.adhoc');
+                            }
+                            my %setincrs;
+                            if ($settings{'internal.adhocaccess'}) {
+                                map { $setincrs{$_} = 1; } split(/,/,$settings{'internal.adhocaccess'});
+                            }
+                            my @statuses;
+                            if ($env{'environment.inststatus'}) {
+                                @statuses = split(/,/,$env{'environment.inststatus'});
+                            }
+                            my $user = $env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
+                            if (ref($accessref) eq 'HASH') {
+                                %access_in_dom = %{$accessref};
+                            }
+                            foreach my $role (@{$roles_by_num}) {
+                                my ($curraccess,@okstatus,@personnel);
+                                if ($setincrs{$role}) {
+                                    ($curraccess,my $rest) = split(/=/,$settings{'internal.adhoc.'.$role});
+                                    if ($curraccess eq 'status') {
+                                        @okstatus = split(/\&/,$rest);
+                                    } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
+                                        @personnel = split(/\&/,$rest);
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    $curraccess = $access_in_dom{$role};
+                                    if (ref($accessinfo) eq 'HASH') {
+                                        if ($curraccess eq 'status') {
+                                            if (ref($accessinfo->{$role}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                                                @okstatus = @{$accessinfo->{$role}};
+                                            }
+                                        } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
+                                            if (ref($accessinfo->{$role}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                                                @personnel = @{$accessinfo->{$role}};
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                if ($curraccess eq 'none') {
+                                    next;
+                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'all') {
+                                    push(@possroles,$role);
+                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'dh') {
+                                    if (grep(/^dh$/,@liveroles)) {
+                                        push(@possroles,$role);
+                                    } else {
+                                        next;
+                                    }
+                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'da') {
+                                    if (grep(/^da$/,@liveroles)) {
+                                        push(@possroles,$role);
+                                    } else {
+                                        next;
+                                    }
+                                } elsif ($curraccess eq 'status') {
+                                    if (@okstatus) {
+                                        if (!@statuses) {
+                                            if (grep(/^default$/,@okstatus)) {
+                                                push(@possroles,$role);
+                                            }
+                                        } else {
+                                            foreach my $status (@okstatus) {
+                                                if (grep(/^\Q$status\E$/,@statuses)) {
+                                                    push(@possroles,$role);
+                                                    last;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                } elsif (($curraccess eq 'exc') || ($curraccess eq 'inc')) {
+                                    if (grep(/^\Q$user\E$/,@personnel)) {
+                                        if ($curraccess eq 'exc') {
+                                            push(@possroles,$role);
+                                        }
+                                    } elsif ($curraccess eq 'inc') {
+                                        push(@possroles,$role);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    unless (ref($description) eq 'HASH') {
+        if (ref($roles_by_num) eq 'ARRAY') {
+            my %desc;
+            map { $desc{$_} = $_; } (@{$roles_by_num});
+            $description = \%desc;
+        } else {
+            $description = {};
+        }
+    }
+    return (\@possroles,$description);
+}
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------- Frontpage Announcements
 #
 #
@@ -4247,7 +4885,7 @@ sub courseiddump {
         $coursefilter,$hostidflag,$hostidref,$typefilter,$regexp_ok,
         $selfenrollonly,$catfilter,$showhidden,$caller,$cloner,$cc_clone,
         $cloneonly,$createdbefore,$createdafter,$creationcontext,$domcloner,
-        $hasuniquecode)=@_;
+        $hasuniquecode,$reqcrsdom,$reqinstcode)=@_;
     my $as_hash = 1;
     my %returnhash;
     if (!$domfilter) { $domfilter=''; }
@@ -4270,7 +4908,8 @@ sub courseiddump {
                                 &escape($catfilter), $showhidden, $caller, 
                                 &escape($cloner), &escape($cc_clone), $cloneonly, 
                                 &escape($createdbefore), &escape($createdafter), 
-                                &escape($creationcontext), $domcloner, $hasuniquecode)));
+                                &escape($creationcontext),$domcloner,$hasuniquecode,
+                                $reqcrsdom,&escape($reqinstcode))));
                 } else {
                     $rep = &reply('courseiddump:'.&host_domain($tryserver).':'.
                              $sincefilter.':'.&escape($descfilter).':'.
@@ -4281,8 +4920,8 @@ sub courseiddump {
                              $showhidden.':'.$caller.':'.&escape($cloner).':'.
                              &escape($cc_clone).':'.$cloneonly.':'.
                              &escape($createdbefore).':'.&escape($createdafter).':'.
-                             &escape($creationcontext).':'.$domcloner.':'.$hasuniquecode,
-                             $tryserver);
+                             &escape($creationcontext).':'.$domcloner.':'.$hasuniquecode.
+                             ':'.$reqcrsdom.':'.&escape($reqinstcode),$tryserver);
                 }
                      
                 my @pairs=split(/\&/,$rep);
@@ -4410,6 +5049,21 @@ sub get_domain_roles {
     return %personnel;
 }
 
+sub get_active_domroles {
+    my ($dom,$roles) = @_;
+    return () unless (ref($roles) eq 'ARRAY');
+    my $now = time;
+    my %dompersonnel = &get_domain_roles($dom,$roles,$now,$now);
+    my %domroles;
+    foreach my $server (keys(%dompersonnel)) {
+        foreach my $user (sort(keys(%{$dompersonnel{$server}}))) {
+            my ($trole,$uname,$udom,$runame,$rudom,$rsec) = split(/:/,$user);
+            $domroles{$uname.':'.$udom} = $dompersonnel{$server}{$user};
+        }
+    }
+    return %domroles;
+}
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------- Interval timing 
 
 {
@@ -4421,12 +5075,13 @@ my $cachedkey='';
 # The cached times for this user
 my %cachedtimes=();
 # When this was last done
-my $cachedtime=();
+my $cachedtime='';
 
 sub load_all_first_access {
-    my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
+    my ($uname,$udom,$ignorecache)=@_;
     if (($cachedkey eq $uname.':'.$udom) &&
-        (abs($cachedtime-time)<5) && (!$env{'form.markaccess'})) {
+        (abs($cachedtime-time)<5) && (!$env{'form.markaccess'}) &&
+        (!$ignorecache)) {
         return;
     }
     $cachedtime=time;
@@ -4435,7 +5090,7 @@ sub load_all_first_access {
 }
 
 sub get_first_access {
-    my ($type,$argsymb,$argmap)=@_;
+    my ($type,$argsymb,$argmap,$ignorecache)=@_;
     my ($symb,$courseid,$udom,$uname)=&whichuser();
     if ($argsymb) { $symb=$argsymb; }
     my ($map,$id,$res)=&decode_symb($symb);
@@ -4447,7 +5102,7 @@ sub get_first_access {
     } else {
 	$res=$symb;
     }
-    &load_all_first_access($uname,$udom);
+    &load_all_first_access($uname,$udom,$ignorecache);
     return $cachedtimes{"$courseid\0$res"};
 }
 
@@ -4483,6 +5138,7 @@ sub set_first_access {
     return 'already_set';
 }
 }
+
 # --------------------------------------------- Set Expire Date for Spreadsheet
 
 sub expirespread {
@@ -5100,7 +5756,7 @@ sub privileged {
         my %rolesdump = &dump("roles", $domain, $username) or return 0;
         my $now = time;
 
-        for my $role (@rolesdump{grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys %rolesdump}) {
+        for my $role (@rolesdump{grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys(%rolesdump)}) {
             my ($trole, $tend, $tstart) = split(/_/, $role);
             if (grep(/^\Q$trole\E$/,@{$roles})) {
                 return 1 unless ($tend && $tend < $now) 
@@ -5189,7 +5845,7 @@ sub rolesinit {
     my %allroles=();
     my %allgroups=();
 
-    for my $area (grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys %rolesdump) {
+    for my $area (grep { ! /^rolesdef_/ } keys(%rolesdump)) {
         my $role = $rolesdump{$area};
         $area =~ s/\_\w\w$//;
 
@@ -5262,9 +5918,10 @@ sub rolesinit {
         }
     }
 
-    @userroles{'user.author', 'user.adv'} = &set_userprivs(\%userroles,
-        \%allroles, \%allgroups);
+    @userroles{'user.author','user.adv','user.rar'} = &set_userprivs(\%userroles,
+                                                          \%allroles, \%allgroups);
     $env{'user.adv'} = $userroles{'user.adv'};
+    $env{'user.rar'} = $userroles{'user.rar'};
 
     return (\%userroles,\%firstaccenv,\%timerintenv);
 }
@@ -5300,6 +5957,10 @@ sub custom_roleprivs {
                     $$allroles{$spec.'./'.$tdomain.'/'}.=':'.$dompriv;
                 }
                 if (($trest ne '') && (defined($coursepriv))) {
+                    if ($trole =~ m{^cr/$tdomain/$tdomain\Q-domainconfig\E/([^/]+)$}) {
+                        my $rolename = $1;
+                        $coursepriv = &course_adhocrole_privs($rolename,$tdomain,$trest,$coursepriv);
+                    }
                     $$allroles{'cm.'.$area}.=':'.$coursepriv;
                     $$allroles{$spec.'.'.$area}.=':'.$coursepriv;
                 }
@@ -5308,6 +5969,48 @@ sub custom_roleprivs {
     }
 }
 
+sub course_adhocrole_privs {
+    my ($rolename,$cdom,$cnum,$coursepriv) = @_;
+    my %overrides = &get('environment',["internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"],$cdom,$cnum);
+    if ($overrides{"internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"}) {
+        my (%currprivs,%storeprivs);
+        foreach my $item (split(/:/,$coursepriv)) {
+            my ($priv,$restrict) = split(/\&/,$item);
+            $currprivs{$priv} = $restrict;
+        }
+        my (%possadd,%possremove,%full);
+        foreach my $item (split(/\:/,$Apache::lonnet::pr{'cr:c'})) {
+            my ($priv,$restrict)=split(/\&/,$item);
+            $full{$priv} = $restrict;
+        }
+        foreach my $item (split(/,/,$overrides{"internal.adhocpriv.$rolename"})) {
+             next if ($item eq '');
+             my ($rule,$rest) = split(/=/,$item);
+             next unless (($rule eq 'off') || ($rule eq 'on'));
+             foreach my $priv (split(/:/,$rest)) {
+                 if ($priv ne '') {
+                     if ($rule eq 'off') {
+                         $possremove{$priv} = 1;
+                     } else {
+                         $possadd{$priv} = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         foreach my $priv (sort(keys(%full))) {
+             if (exists($currprivs{$priv})) {
+                 unless (exists($possremove{$priv})) {
+                     $storeprivs{$priv} = $currprivs{$priv};
+                 }
+             } elsif (exists($possadd{$priv})) {
+                 $storeprivs{$priv} = $full{$priv};
+             }
+         }
+         $coursepriv = ':'.join(':',map { $_.'&'.$storeprivs{$_}; } sort(keys(%storeprivs)));
+     }
+     return $coursepriv;
+}
+
 sub group_roleprivs {
     my ($allgroups,$area,$group_privs,$tend,$tstart) = @_;
     my $access = 1;
@@ -5342,6 +6045,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
     my ($userroles,$allroles,$allgroups,$groups_roles) = @_; 
     my $author=0;
     my $adv=0;
+    my $rar=0;
     my %grouproles = ();
     if (keys(%{$allgroups}) > 0) {
         my @groupkeys; 
@@ -5389,6 +6093,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
                     $thesepriv{$privilege}.=$restrictions;
                 }
                 if ($thesepriv{'adv'} eq 'F') { $adv=1; }
+                if ($thesepriv{'rar'} eq 'F') { $rar=1; }
             }
         }
         my $thesestr='';
@@ -5397,7 +6102,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
 	}
         $userroles->{'user.priv.'.$role} = $thesestr;
     }
-    return ($author,$adv);
+    return ($author,$adv,$rar);
 }
 
 sub role_status {
@@ -5442,9 +6147,10 @@ sub role_status {
                                 push(@rolecodes,$$role);
                                 &standard_roleprivs(\%allroles,$$role,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$$where);
                             }
-                            my ($author,$adv)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%allroles,\%allgroups,\%groups_roles);
+                            my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%allroles,\%allgroups,
+                                                                   \%groups_roles);
                             &appenv(\%userroles,\@rolecodes);
-                            &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$role);
+                            &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
                         }
                     }
                     $$tstatus = 'is';
@@ -5520,39 +6226,56 @@ sub delete_env_groupprivs {
 }
 
 sub check_adhoc_privs {
-    my ($cdom,$cnum,$update,$refresh,$now,$checkrole,$caller) = @_;
+    my ($cdom,$cnum,$update,$refresh,$now,$checkrole,$caller,$sec) = @_;
     my $cckey = 'user.role.'.$checkrole.'./'.$cdom.'/'.$cnum;
+    if ($sec) {
+        $cckey .= '/'.$sec;
+    } 
     my $setprivs;
     if ($env{$cckey}) {
         my ($role,$where,$trolecode,$tstart,$tend,$tremark,$tstatus,$tpstart,$tpend);
         &role_status($cckey,$update,$refresh,$now,\$role,\$where,\$trolecode,\$tstatus,\$tstart,\$tend);
         unless (($tstatus eq 'is') || ($tstatus eq 'will_not')) {
-            &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller);
+            &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller,$sec);
             $setprivs = 1;
         }
     } else {
-        &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller);
+        &set_adhoc_privileges($cdom,$cnum,$checkrole,$caller,$sec);
         $setprivs = 1;
     }
     return $setprivs;
 }
 
 sub set_adhoc_privileges {
-# role can be cc or ca
-    my ($dcdom,$pickedcourse,$role,$caller) = @_;
+# role can be cc, ca, or cr/<dom>/<dom>-domainconfig/role
+    my ($dcdom,$pickedcourse,$role,$caller,$sec) = @_;
     my $area = '/'.$dcdom.'/'.$pickedcourse;
+    if ($sec ne '') {
+        $area .= '/'.$sec;
+    }
     my $spec = $role.'.'.$area;
     my %userroles = &set_arearole($role,$area,'','',$env{'user.domain'},
                                   $env{'user.name'},1);
-    my %ccrole = ();
-    &standard_roleprivs(\%ccrole,$role,$dcdom,$spec,$pickedcourse,$area);
-    my ($author,$adv)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%ccrole);
+    my %rolehash = ();
+    if ($role =~ m{^\Qcr/$dcdom/$dcdom\E\-domainconfig/(\w+)$}) {
+        my $rolename = $1;
+        &custom_roleprivs(\%rolehash,$role,$dcdom,$pickedcourse,$spec,$area);
+        my %domdef = &get_domain_defaults($dcdom);
+        if (ref($domdef{'adhocroles'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            if (ref($domdef{'adhocroles'}{$rolename}) eq 'HASH') {
+                &appenv({'request.role.desc' => $domdef{'adhocroles'}{$rolename}{'desc'},});
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        &standard_roleprivs(\%rolehash,$role,$dcdom,$spec,$pickedcourse,$area);
+    }
+    my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%rolehash);
     &appenv(\%userroles,[$role,'cm']);
-    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$role);
+    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
     unless ($caller eq 'constructaccess' && $env{'request.course.id'}) {
         &appenv( {'request.role'        => $spec,
                   'request.role.domain' => $dcdom,
-                  'request.course.sec'  => ''
+                  'request.course.sec'  => $sec,
                  }
                );
         my $tadv=0;
@@ -5702,7 +6425,7 @@ sub currentdump {
    #
    my %returnhash=();
    #
-   if ($rep eq "unknown_cmd") { 
+   if ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd') {
        # an old lond will not know currentdump
        # Do a dump and make it look like a currentdump
        my @tmp = &dumpstore($courseid,$sdom,$sname,'.');
@@ -5936,9 +6659,11 @@ sub tmpget {
     if (!defined($server)) { $server = $perlvar{'lonHostID'}; }
     my $rep=&reply("tmpget:$token",$server);
     my %returnhash;
+    if ($rep =~ /^(con_lost|error|no_such_host)/i) {
+        return %returnhash;
+    }
     foreach my $item (split(/\&/,$rep)) {
 	my ($key,$value)=split(/=/,$item);
-        next if ($key =~ /^error: 2 /);
 	$returnhash{&unescape($key)}=&thaw_unescape($value);
     }
     return %returnhash;
@@ -6035,6 +6760,9 @@ sub get_timebased_id {
     } else {
         $error = "error: could not obtain lockfile\n";
         $dellock = 'ok';
+        if (($prefix eq 'paste') && ($namespace eq 'courseeditor') && ($keyid eq 'num')) {
+            $dellock = 'nolock';
+        }
     }
     return ($newid,$dellock,$error);
 }
@@ -6050,9 +6778,9 @@ sub sixnum_code {
 # -------------------------------------------------- portfolio access checking
 
 sub portfolio_access {
-    my ($requrl) = @_;
+    my ($requrl,$clientip) = @_;
     my (undef,$udom,$unum,$file_name,$group) = &parse_portfolio_url($requrl);
-    my $result = &get_portfolio_access($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group);
+    my $result = &get_portfolio_access($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group,$clientip);
     if ($result) {
         my %setters;
         if ($env{'user.name'} eq 'public' && $env{'user.domain'} eq 'public') {
@@ -6078,7 +6806,7 @@ sub portfolio_access {
 }
 
 sub get_portfolio_access {
-    my ($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group,$access_hash) = @_;
+    my ($udom,$unum,$file_name,$group,$clientip,$access_hash) = @_;
 
     if (!ref($access_hash)) {
 	my $current_perms = &get_portfile_permissions($udom,$unum);
@@ -6087,7 +6815,7 @@ sub get_portfolio_access {
 	$access_hash = $access_controls{$file_name};
     }
 
-    my ($public,$guest,@domains,@users,@courses,@groups);
+    my ($public,$guest,@domains,@users,@courses,@groups,@ips);
     my $now = time;
     if (ref($access_hash) eq 'HASH') {
         foreach my $key (keys(%{$access_hash})) {
@@ -6111,10 +6839,25 @@ sub get_portfolio_access {
                 push(@courses,$key);
             } elsif ($scope eq 'group') {
                 push(@groups,$key);
+            } elsif ($scope eq 'ip') {
+                push(@ips,$key);
             }
         }
         if ($public) {
             return 'ok';
+        } elsif (@ips > 0) {
+            my $allowed;
+            foreach my $ipkey (@ips) {
+                if (ref($access_hash->{$ipkey}{'ip'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    if (&Apache::loncommon::check_ip_acc(join(',',@{$access_hash->{$ipkey}{'ip'}}),$clientip)) {
+                        $allowed = 1;
+                        last; 
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ($allowed) {
+                return 'ok';
+            }
         }
         if ($env{'user.name'} eq 'public' && $env{'user.domain'} eq 'public') {
             if ($guest) {
@@ -6302,6 +7045,7 @@ sub usertools_access {
                       unofficial => 1,
                       community  => 1,
                       textbook   => 1,
+                      placement  => 1,
                  );
     } elsif ($context eq 'requestauthor') {
         %tools = (
@@ -6598,7 +7342,7 @@ sub customaccess {
 # ------------------------------------------------- Check for a user privilege
 
 sub allowed {
-    my ($priv,$uri,$symb,$role)=@_;
+    my ($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck)=@_;
     my $ver_orguri=$uri;
     $uri=&deversion($uri);
     my $orguri=$uri;
@@ -6615,7 +7359,7 @@ sub allowed {
 
     if (defined($env{'allowed.'.$priv})) { return $env{'allowed.'.$priv}; }
 # Free bre access to adm and meta resources
-    if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard)$})) 
+    if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$})) 
 	 || (($uri=~/\.meta$/) && ($uri!~m|^uploaded/|) )) 
 	&& ($priv eq 'bre')) {
 	return 'F';
@@ -6793,11 +7537,16 @@ sub allowed {
         if ($match) {
             if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}.'./'}
                   =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
-                my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
-                if (@blockers > 0) {
-                    $thisallowed = 'B';
+                my $value = $1;
+                if ($noblockcheck) {
+                    $thisallowed.=$value;
                 } else {
-                    $thisallowed.=$1;
+                    my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
+                    if (@blockers > 0) {
+                        $thisallowed = 'B';
+                    } else {
+                        $thisallowed.=$value;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -6809,11 +7558,15 @@ sub allowed {
                     $refuri=&declutter($refuri);
                     my ($match) = &is_on_map($refuri);
                     if ($match) {
-                        my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
-                        if (@blockers > 0) {
-                            $thisallowed = 'B';
-                        } else {
+                        if ($noblockcheck) {
                             $thisallowed='F';
+                        } else {
+                            my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
+                            if (@blockers > 0) {
+                                $thisallowed = 'B';
+                            } else {
+                                $thisallowed='F';
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -6825,7 +7578,7 @@ sub allowed {
 	&& $thisallowed ne 'F' 
 	&& $thisallowed ne '2'
 	&& &is_portfolio_url($uri)) {
-	$thisallowed = &portfolio_access($uri);
+	$thisallowed = &portfolio_access($uri,$clientip);
     }
 
 # Full access at system, domain or course-wide level? Exit.
@@ -6868,11 +7621,15 @@ sub allowed {
                =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
                my $value = $1;
                if ($priv eq 'bre') {
-                   my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
-                   if (@blockers > 0) {
-                       $thisallowed = 'B';
-                   } else {
+                   if ($noblockcheck) {
                        $thisallowed.=$value;
+                   } else {
+                       my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
+                       if (@blockers > 0) {
+                           $thisallowed = 'B';
+                       } else {
+                           $thisallowed.=$value;
+                       }
                    }
                } else {
                    $thisallowed.=$value;
@@ -6906,11 +7663,15 @@ sub allowed {
                   =~/\Q$priv\E\&([^\:]*)/) {
                   my $value = $1;
                   if ($priv eq 'bre') {
-                      my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
-                      if (@blockers > 0) {
-                          $thisallowed = 'B';
-                      } else {
+                      if ($noblockcheck) {
                           $thisallowed.=$value;
+                      } else {
+                          my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
+                          if (@blockers > 0) {
+                              $thisallowed = 'B';
+                          } else {
+                              $thisallowed.=$value;
+                          }
                       }
                   } else {
                       $thisallowed.=$value;
@@ -7018,7 +7779,7 @@ sub allowed {
        my $unamedom=$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'};
        if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$priv.'.roles.denied'}
 	   =~/\Q$rolecode\E/) {
-	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc')) { 
+	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc') && ($priv ne 'pac')) {
 	       &logthis($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.home'}.':'.
 			'Denied by role: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' as '.$rolecode.' in '.
 			$env{'request.course.id'});
@@ -7028,7 +7789,7 @@ sub allowed {
 
        if ($env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.'.$priv.'.users.denied'}
 	   =~/\Q$unamedom\E/) {
-	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc')) { 
+	   if (($priv ne 'pch') && ($priv ne 'plc') && ($priv ne 'pac')) {
 	       &logthis($env{'user.domain'}.':'.$env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.home'}.
 			'Denied by user: '.$priv.' for '.$uri.' as '.$unamedom.' in '.
 			$env{'request.course.id'});
@@ -7086,7 +7847,7 @@ sub constructaccess {
     my ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
 
     ($ownerdomain,$ownername) =
-        ($url=~ m{^(?:\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E|)/priv/($match_domain)/($match_username)/});
+        ($url=~ m{^(?:\Q$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}\E|)(?:/daxepage|/daxeopen)?/priv/($match_domain)/($match_username)(?:/|$)});
 
 # The URL does not really point to any authorspace, forget it
     unless (($ownername) && ($ownerdomain)) { return ''; }
@@ -7107,6 +7868,15 @@ sub constructaccess {
             $ownerhome = &homeserver($ownername,$ownerdomain);
             return ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
         }
+        if ($env{'request.course.id'}) {
+            if (($ownername eq $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.num'}) &&
+                ($ownerdomain eq $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.domain'})) {
+                if (&allowed('mdc',$env{'request.course.id'})) {
+                    $ownerhome = $env{'course.'.$env{'request.course.id'}.'.home'};
+                    return ($ownername,$ownerdomain,$ownerhome);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
 # We don't have any access right now. If we are not possibly going to do anything about this,
@@ -7141,6 +7911,32 @@ sub constructaccess {
     return '';
 }
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------- Content Blocking
+
+{
+# Caches for faster Course Contents display where content blocking
+# is in operation (i.e., interval param set) for timed quiz.
+#
+# User for whom data are being temporarily cached.
+my $cacheduser='';
+# Cached blockers for this user (a hash of blocking items). 
+my %cachedblockers=();
+# When the data were last cached.
+my $cachedlast='';
+
+sub load_all_blockers {
+    my ($uname,$udom,$blocks)=@_;
+    if (($uname ne '') && ($udom ne '')) { 
+        if (($cacheduser eq $uname.':'.$udom) &&
+            (abs($cachedlast-time)<5)) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    $cachedlast=time;
+    $cacheduser=$uname.':'.$udom;
+    %cachedblockers = &get_commblock_resources($blocks);
+}
+
 sub get_comm_blocks {
     my ($cdom,$cnum) = @_;
     if ($cdom eq '' || $cnum eq '') {
@@ -7161,27 +7957,21 @@ sub get_comm_blocks {
     return %commblocks;
 }
 
-sub has_comm_blocking {
-    my ($priv,$symb,$uri,$blocks) = @_;
-    return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
-    return unless ($priv eq 'bre');
-    return if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
+sub get_commblock_resources {
+    my ($blocks) = @_;
+    my %blockers = ();
+    return %blockers unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
+    return %blockers if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
     my %commblocks;
     if (ref($blocks) eq 'HASH') {
         %commblocks = %{$blocks};
     } else {
         %commblocks = &get_comm_blocks();
     }
-    return unless (keys(%commblocks) > 0);
-    if (!$symb) { $symb=&symbread($uri,1); }
-    my ($map,$resid,undef)=&decode_symb($symb);
-    my %tocheck = (
-                    maps      => $map,
-                    resources => $symb,
-                  );
-    my @blockers;
-    my $now = time;
+    return %blockers unless (keys(%commblocks) > 0); 
     my $navmap = Apache::lonnavmaps::navmap->new();
+    return %blockers unless (ref($navmap));
+    my $now = time;
     foreach my $block (keys(%commblocks)) {
         if ($block =~ /^(\d+)____(\d+)$/) {
             my ($start,$end) = ($1,$2);
@@ -7189,17 +7979,13 @@ sub has_comm_blocking {
                 if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}) eq 'HASH') {
                     if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}) eq 'HASH') {
                         if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
-                            if ($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}{$map}) {
-                                unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
-                                    push(@blockers,$block);
-                                }
+                            if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}})) {
+                                $blockers{$block}{maps} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}; 
                             }
                         }
                         if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
-                            if ($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}{$symb}) {
-                                unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {  
-                                    push(@blockers,$block);
-                                }
+                            if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}})) {
+                                $blockers{$block}{'resources'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'};
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -7210,32 +7996,31 @@ sub has_comm_blocking {
             my @to_test;
             if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}) eq 'HASH') {
                 if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}) eq 'HASH') {
-                    my $check_interval;
-                    if (&check_docs_block($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'},\%tocheck)) {
-                        my @interval;
-                        my $type = 'map';
-                        if ($item eq 'course') {
-                            $type = 'course';
-                            @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval");
+                    my @interval;
+                    my $type = 'map';
+                    if ($item eq 'course') {
+                        $type = 'course';
+                        @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval");
+                    } else {
+                        if ($item =~ /___\d+___/) {
+                            $type = 'resource';
+                            @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$item);
+                            if (ref($navmap)) {                        
+                                my $res = $navmap->getBySymb($item); 
+                                push(@to_test,$res);
+                            }
                         } else {
-                            if ($item =~ /___\d+___/) {
-                                $type = 'resource';
-                                @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$item);
-                                if (ref($navmap)) {                        
-                                    my $res = $navmap->getBySymb($item); 
-                                    push(@to_test,$res);
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                my $mapsymb = &symbread($item,1);
-                                if ($mapsymb) {
-                                    if (ref($navmap)) {
-                                        my $mapres = $navmap->getBySymb($mapsymb);
-                                        @to_test = $mapres->retrieveResources($mapres,undef,0,1);
-                                        foreach my $res (@to_test) {
-                                            my $symb = $res->symb();
-                                            next if ($symb eq $mapsymb);
-                                            if ($symb ne '') {
-                                                @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$symb);
+                            my $mapsymb = &symbread($item,1);
+                            if ($mapsymb) {
+                                if (ref($navmap)) {
+                                    my $mapres = $navmap->getBySymb($mapsymb);
+                                    @to_test = $mapres->retrieveResources($mapres,undef,0,0,0,1);
+                                    foreach my $res (@to_test) {
+                                        my $symb = $res->symb();
+                                        next if ($symb eq $mapsymb);
+                                        if ($symb ne '') {
+                                            @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$symb);
+                                            if ($interval[1] eq 'map') {
                                                 last;
                                             }
                                         }
@@ -7243,26 +8028,36 @@ sub has_comm_blocking {
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        if ($interval[0] =~ /\d+/) {
-                            my $first_access;
-                            if ($type eq 'resource') {
-                                $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],$item);
-                            } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
-                                $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],undef,$item);
-                            } else {
-                                $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1]);
-                            }
-                            if ($first_access) {
-                                my $timesup = $first_access+$interval[0];
-                                if ($timesup > $now) {
-                                    foreach my $res (@to_test) {
-                                        if ($res->is_problem()) {
-                                            if ($res->completable()) {
-                                                unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
-                                                    push(@blockers,$block);
-                                                }
-                                                last;
-                                            }
+                    }
+                    if ($interval[0] =~ /^(\d+)/) {
+                        my $timelimit = $1; 
+                        my $first_access;
+                        if ($type eq 'resource') {
+                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],$item);
+                        } elsif ($type eq 'map') {
+                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1],undef,$item);
+                        } else {
+                            $first_access=&get_first_access($interval[1]);
+                        }
+                        if ($first_access) {
+                            my $timesup = $first_access+$timelimit;
+                            if ($timesup > $now) {
+                                my $activeblock;
+                                foreach my $res (@to_test) {
+                                    if ($res->answerable()) {
+                                        $activeblock = 1;
+                                        last;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                if ($activeblock) {
+                                    if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                                         if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'}})) {
+                                             $blockers{$block}{'maps'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'maps'};
+                                         }
+                                    }
+                                    if (ref($commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                                        if (keys(%{$commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'}})) {
+                                            $blockers{$block}{'resources'} = $commblocks{$block}{'blocks'}{'docs'}{'resources'};
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -7273,33 +8068,66 @@ sub has_comm_blocking {
             }
         }
     }
-    return @blockers;
+    return %blockers;
 }
 
-sub check_docs_block {
-    my ($docsblock,$tocheck) =@_;
-    if ((ref($docsblock) ne 'HASH') || (ref($tocheck) ne 'HASH')) {
-        return;
+sub has_comm_blocking {
+    my ($priv,$symb,$uri,$blocks) = @_;
+    my @blockers;
+    return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
+    return unless ($priv eq 'bre');
+    return if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
+    return if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct');
+    &load_all_blockers($env{'user.name'},$env{'user.domain'},$blocks);
+    return unless (keys(%cachedblockers) > 0);
+    my (%possibles,@symbs);
+    if (!$symb) {
+        $symb = &symbread($uri,1,1,1,\%possibles);
     }
-    if (ref($docsblock->{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
-        if ($tocheck->{'maps'}) {
-            if ($docsblock->{'maps'}{$tocheck->{'maps'}}) {
-                return 1;
+    if ($symb) {
+        @symbs = ($symb);
+    } elsif (keys(%possibles)) { 
+        @symbs = keys(%possibles);
+    }
+    my $noblock;
+    foreach my $symb (@symbs) {
+        last if ($noblock);
+        my ($map,$resid,$resurl)=&decode_symb($symb);
+        foreach my $block (keys(%cachedblockers)) {
+            if ($block =~ /^firstaccess____(.+)$/) {
+                my $item = $1;
+                if (($item eq $map) || ($item eq $symb)) {
+                    $noblock = 1;
+                    last;
+                }
             }
-        }
-    }
-    if (ref($docsblock->{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
-        if ($tocheck->{'resources'}) {
-            if ($docsblock->{'resources'}{$tocheck->{'resources'}}) {
-                return 1;
+            if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}) eq 'HASH') {
+                if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                    if ($cachedblockers{$block}{'resources'}{$symb}) {
+                        unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
+                            push(@blockers,$block);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                if ($cachedblockers{$block}{'maps'}{$map}) {
+                    unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
+                        push(@blockers,$block);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-    return;
+    return if ($noblock);
+    return @blockers;
 }
+}
+
+# -------------------------------- Deversion and split uri into path an filename   
 
 #
-#   Removes the versino from a URI and
+#   Removes the version from a URI and
 #   splits it in to its filename and path to the filename.
 #   Seems like File::Basename could have done this more clearly.
 #   Parameters:
@@ -7367,7 +8195,7 @@ sub get_symb_from_alias {
 
 sub definerole {
   if (allowed('mcr','/')) {
-    my ($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole)=@_;
+    my ($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole,$uname,$udom)=@_;
     foreach my $role (split(':',$sysrole)) {
 	my ($crole,$cqual)=split(/\&/,$role);
         if ($pr{'cr:s'}!~/\Q$crole\E/) { return "refused:s:$crole"; }
@@ -7395,11 +8223,19 @@ sub definerole {
             }
         }
     }
+    my $uhome;
+    if (($uname ne '') && ($udom ne '')) {
+        $uhome = &homeserver($uname,$udom);
+        return $uhome if ($uhome eq 'no_host');
+    } else {
+        $uname = $env{'user.name'};
+        $udom = $env{'user.domain'};
+        $uhome = $env{'user.home'};
+    }
     my $command="encrypt:rolesput:$env{'user.domain'}:$env{'user.name'}:".
-                "$env{'user.domain'}:$env{'user.name'}:".
-	        "rolesdef_$rolename=".
+                "$udom:$uname:rolesdef_$rolename=".
                 escape($sysrole.'_'.$domrole.'_'.$courole);
-    return reply($command,$env{'user.home'});
+    return reply($command,$uhome);
   } else {
     return 'refused';
   }
@@ -7481,10 +8317,12 @@ sub update_allusers_table {
 
 sub fetch_enrollment_query {
     my ($context,$affiliatesref,$replyref,$dom,$cnum) = @_;
-    my $homeserver;
+    my ($homeserver,$sleep,$loopmax);
     my $maxtries = 1;
     if ($context eq 'automated') {
         $homeserver = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
+        $sleep = 2;
+        $loopmax = 100;
         $maxtries = 10; # will wait for up to 2000s for retrieval of classlist data before timeout
     } else {
         $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$dom);
@@ -7502,17 +8340,17 @@ sub fetch_enrollment_query {
         &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query: invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$host.' and homeserver: '.$homeserver.' context: '.$context.' '.$cnum); 
         return 'error: '.$queryid;
     }
-    my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
+    my $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax);
     my $tries = 1;
     while (($reply=~/^timeout/) && ($tries < $maxtries)) {
-        $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid);
+        $reply = &get_query_reply($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax);
         $tries ++;
     }
     if ( ($reply =~/^timeout/) || ($reply =~/^error/) ) {
         &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query error: '.$reply.' for '.$dom.' '.$env{'user.name'}.' for '.$queryid.' context: '.$context.' '.$cnum.' maxtries: '.$maxtries.' tries: '.$tries);
     } else {
         my @responses = split(/:/,$reply);
-        if ($homeserver eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
+        if (grep { $_ eq $homeserver } &current_machine_ids()) {
             foreach my $line (@responses) {
                 my ($key,$value) = split(/=/,$line,2);
                 $$replyref{$key} = $value;
@@ -7547,11 +8385,17 @@ sub fetch_enrollment_query {
 }
 
 sub get_query_reply {
-    my $queryid=shift;
+    my ($queryid,$sleep,$loopmax) = @_;;
+    if (($sleep eq '') || ($sleep !~ /^\d+\.?\d*$/)) {
+        $sleep = 0.2;
+    }
+    if (($loopmax eq '') || ($loopmax =~ /\D/)) {
+        $loopmax = 100;
+    }
     my $replyfile=LONCAPA::tempdir().$queryid;
     my $reply='';
-    for (1..100) {
-	sleep 2;
+    for (1..$loopmax) {
+	sleep($sleep);
         if (-e $replyfile.'.end') {
 	    if (open(my $fh,$replyfile)) {
 		$reply = join('',<$fh>);
@@ -7974,6 +8818,107 @@ sub auto_crsreq_update {
     return \%crsreqresponse;
 }
 
+sub auto_export_grades {
+    my ($cdom,$cnum,$inforef,$gradesref) = @_;
+    my ($homeserver,%exportresponse);
+    if ($cdom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
+        $homeserver = &domain($cdom,'primary');
+    }
+    unless (($homeserver eq 'no_host') || ($homeserver eq '')) {
+        my $info;
+        if (ref($inforef) eq 'HASH') {
+            $info = &freeze_escape($inforef);
+        }
+        if (ref($gradesref) eq 'HASH') {
+            my $grades = &freeze_escape($gradesref);
+            my $response=&reply('encrypt:autoexportgrades:'.$cdom.':'.$cnum.':'.
+                                $info.':'.$grades,$homeserver);
+            unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused|unknown_command)/) {
+                my @items = split(/&/,$response);
+                foreach my $item (@items) {
+                    my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
+                    $exportresponse{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return \%exportresponse;
+}
+
+sub check_instcode_cloning {
+    my ($codedefaults,$code_order,$cloner,$clonefromcode,$clonetocode) = @_;
+    unless ((ref($codedefaults) eq 'HASH') && (ref($code_order) eq 'ARRAY')) {
+        return;
+    }
+    my $canclone;
+    if (@{$code_order} > 0) {
+        my $instcoderegexp ='^';
+        my @clonecodes = split(/\&/,$cloner);
+        foreach my $item (@{$code_order}) {
+            if (grep(/^\Q$item\E=/,@clonecodes)) {
+                foreach my $pair (@clonecodes) {
+                    my ($key,$val) = split(/\=/,$pair,2);
+                    $val = &unescape($val);
+                    if ($key eq $item) {
+                        $instcoderegexp .= '('.$val.')';
+                        last;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                $instcoderegexp .= $codedefaults->{$item};
+            }
+        }
+        $instcoderegexp .= '$';
+        my (@from,@to);
+        eval {
+               (@from) = ($clonefromcode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
+               (@to) = ($clonetocode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
+        };
+        if ((@from > 0) && (@to > 0)) {
+            my @diffs = &Apache::loncommon::compare_arrays(\@from,\@to);
+            if (!@diffs) {
+                $canclone = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $canclone;
+}
+
+sub default_instcode_cloning {
+    my ($clonedom,$domdefclone,$clonefromcode,$clonetocode,$codedefaultsref,$codeorderref) = @_;
+    my (%codedefaults,@code_order,$canclone);
+    if ((ref($codedefaultsref) eq 'HASH') && (ref($codeorderref) eq 'ARRAY')) {
+        %codedefaults = %{$codedefaultsref};
+        @code_order = @{$codeorderref};
+    } elsif ($clonedom) {
+        &auto_instcode_defaults($clonedom,\%codedefaults,\@code_order);
+    }
+    if (($domdefclone) && (@code_order)) {
+        my @clonecodes = split(/\+/,$domdefclone);
+        my $instcoderegexp ='^';
+        foreach my $item (@code_order) {
+            if (grep(/^\Q$item\E$/,@clonecodes)) {
+                $instcoderegexp .= '('.$codedefaults{$item}.')';
+            } else {
+                $instcoderegexp .= $codedefaults{$item};
+            }
+        }
+        $instcoderegexp .= '$';
+        my (@from,@to);
+        eval {
+            (@from) = ($clonefromcode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
+            (@to) = ($clonetocode =~ /$instcoderegexp/);
+        };
+        if ((@from > 0) && (@to > 0)) {
+            my @diffs = &Apache::loncommon::compare_arrays(\@from,\@to);
+            if (!@diffs) {
+                $canclone = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $canclone;
+}
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------- Course Group routines
 
 sub get_coursegroups {
@@ -8121,6 +9066,7 @@ sub plaintext {
     my %rolenames = (
                       Course    => 'std',
                       Community => 'alt1',
+                      Placement => 'std',
                     );
     if ($cid ne '') {
         if ($env{'course.'.$cid.'.'.$short.'.plaintext'} ne '') {
@@ -8338,7 +9284,8 @@ sub assignrole {
             &courserolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$origstart,$origend,$delflag,
                            $selfenroll,$context);
         } elsif (($role eq 'li') || ($role eq 'dg') || ($role eq 'sc') ||
-                 ($role eq 'au') || ($role eq 'dc')) {
+                 ($role eq 'au') || ($role eq 'dc') || ($role eq 'dh') ||
+                 ($role eq 'da')) {
             &domainrolelog($role,$uname,$udom,$url,$origstart,$origend,$delflag,
                            $context);
         } elsif (($role eq 'ca') || ($role eq 'aa')) {
@@ -8533,7 +9480,7 @@ sub modifyuser {
                   'current user id "'.$uidhash{$uname}.'".';
           }
        } else {
-	  &idput($udom,($uname => $uid));
+	  &idput($udom,{$uname => $uid},$uhome,'ids');
        }
     }
 # -------------------------------------------------------------- Add names, etc
@@ -8643,7 +9590,7 @@ sub modifyuser {
 sub modifystudent {
     my ($udom,$uname,$uid,$umode,$upass,$first,$middle,$last,$gene,$usec,
         $end,$start,$forceid,$desiredhome,$email,$type,$locktype,$cid,
-        $selfenroll,$context,$inststatus,$credits)=@_;
+        $selfenroll,$context,$inststatus,$credits,$instsec)=@_;
     if (!$cid) {
 	unless ($cid=$env{'request.course.id'}) {
 	    return 'not_in_class';
@@ -8659,13 +9606,13 @@ sub modifystudent {
     $uid = undef if (!$forceid);
     $reply = &modify_student_enrollment($udom,$uname,$uid,$first,$middle,$last,
                                         $gene,$usec,$end,$start,$type,$locktype,
-                                        $cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits);
+                                        $cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits,$instsec);
     return $reply;
 }
 
 sub modify_student_enrollment {
     my ($udom,$uname,$uid,$first,$middle,$last,$gene,$usec,$end,$start,$type,
-        $locktype,$cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits) = @_;
+        $locktype,$cid,$selfenroll,$context,$credits,$instsec) = @_;
     my ($cdom,$cnum,$chome);
     if (!$cid) {
 	unless ($cid=$env{'request.course.id'}) {
@@ -8712,7 +9659,7 @@ sub modify_student_enrollment {
     my %old_entry = &Apache::lonnet::get('classlist',[$user],$cdom,$cnum);
     my $reply=cput('classlist',
 		   {$user => 
-			join(':',$end,$start,$uid,$usec,$fullname,$type,$locktype,$credits) },
+			join(':',$end,$start,$uid,$usec,$fullname,$type,$locktype,$credits,$instsec) },
 		   $cdom,$cnum);
     if (($reply eq 'ok') || ($reply eq 'delayed')) {
         &devalidate_getsection_cache($udom,$uname,$cid);
@@ -9140,6 +10087,90 @@ sub files_not_in_path {
     return (@return_files);
 }
 
+#------------------------------Submitted/Handedback Portfolio Files Versioning
+ 
+sub portfiles_versioning {
+    my ($symb,$domain,$stu_name,$portfiles,$versioned_portfiles) = @_;
+    my $portfolio_root = '/userfiles/portfolio';
+    return unless ((ref($portfiles) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($versioned_portfiles) eq 'ARRAY'));
+    foreach my $file (@{$portfiles}) {
+        &unmark_as_readonly($domain,$stu_name,[$symb,$env{'request.course.id'}],$file);
+        my ($directory,$answer_file) =($file =~ /^(.*?)([^\/]*)$/);
+        my ($answer_name,$answer_ver,$answer_ext) = &file_name_version_ext($answer_file);
+        my $getpropath = 1;
+        my ($dir_list,$listerror) = &dirlist($portfolio_root.$directory,$domain,
+                                             $stu_name,$getpropath);
+        my $version = &get_next_version($answer_name,$answer_ext,$dir_list);
+        my $new_answer = 
+            &version_selected_portfile($domain,$stu_name,$directory,$answer_file,$version);
+        if ($new_answer ne 'problem getting file') {
+            push(@{$versioned_portfiles}, $directory.$new_answer);
+            &mark_as_readonly($domain,$stu_name,[$directory.$new_answer],
+                              [$symb,$env{'request.course.id'},'graded']);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub get_next_version {
+    my ($answer_name, $answer_ext, $dir_list) = @_;
+    my $version;
+    if (ref($dir_list) eq 'ARRAY') {
+        foreach my $row (@{$dir_list}) {
+            my ($file) = split(/\&/,$row,2);
+            my ($file_name,$file_version,$file_ext) =
+                &file_name_version_ext($file);
+            if (($file_name eq $answer_name) &&
+                ($file_ext eq $answer_ext)) {
+                     # gets here if filename and extension match,
+                     # regardless of version
+                if ($file_version ne '') {
+                    # a versioned file is found  so save it for later
+                    if ($file_version > $version) {
+                        $version = $file_version;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    $version ++;
+    return($version);
+}
+
+sub version_selected_portfile {
+    my ($domain,$stu_name,$directory,$file_name,$version) = @_;
+    my ($answer_name,$answer_ver,$answer_ext) =
+        &file_name_version_ext($file_name);
+    my $new_answer;
+    $env{'form.copy'} =
+        &getfile("/uploaded/$domain/$stu_name/portfolio$directory$file_name");
+    if($env{'form.copy'} eq '-1') {
+        $new_answer = 'problem getting file';
+    } else {
+        $new_answer = $answer_name.'.'.$version.'.'.$answer_ext;
+        my $copy_result = 
+            &finishuserfileupload($stu_name,$domain,'copy',
+                                  '/portfolio'.$directory.$new_answer);
+    }
+    undef($env{'form.copy'});
+    return ($new_answer);
+}
+
+sub file_name_version_ext {
+    my ($file)=@_;
+    my @file_parts = split(/\./, $file);
+    my ($name,$version,$ext);
+    if (@file_parts > 1) {
+        $ext=pop(@file_parts);
+        if (@file_parts > 1 && $file_parts[-1] =~ /^\d+$/) {
+            $version=pop(@file_parts);
+        }
+        $name=join('.',@file_parts);
+    } else {
+        $name=join('.',@file_parts);
+    }
+    return($name,$version,$ext);
+}
+
 #----------------------------------------------Get portfolio file permissions
 
 sub get_portfile_permissions {
@@ -9236,9 +10267,9 @@ sub modify_access_controls {
     my $tries = 0;
     my $gotlock = &newput('file_permissions',$lockhash,$domain,$user);
    
-    while (($gotlock ne 'ok') && $tries <3) {
+    while (($gotlock ne 'ok') && $tries < 10) {
         $tries ++;
-        sleep 1;
+        sleep(0.1);
         $gotlock = &newput('file_permissions',$lockhash,$domain,$user);
     }
     if ($gotlock eq 'ok') {
@@ -9284,49 +10315,132 @@ sub modify_access_controls {
 }
 
 sub make_public_indefinitely {
-    my ($requrl) = @_;
+    my (@requrl) = @_;
+    return &automated_portfile_access('public',\@requrl);
+}
+
+sub automated_portfile_access {
+    my ($accesstype,$addsref,$delsref,$info) = @_;
+    unless (($accesstype eq 'public') || ($accesstype eq 'ip')) {
+        return 'invalid';
+    }
+    my %urls;
+    if (ref($addsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
+        foreach my $requrl (@{$addsref}) {
+            if (&is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
+                unless (exists($urls{$requrl})) {
+                    $urls{$requrl} = 'add';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (ref($delsref) eq 'ARRAY') {
+        foreach my $requrl (@{$delsref}) { 
+            if (&is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
+                unless (exists($urls{$requrl})) {
+                    $urls{$requrl} = 'delete'; 
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    unless (keys(%urls)) {
+        return 'invalid';
+    }
+    my $ip;
+    if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
+        if (ref($info) eq 'HASH') {
+            if ($info->{'ip'} ne '') {
+                $ip = $info->{'ip'};
+            }
+        }
+        if ($ip eq '') {
+            return 'invalid';
+        }
+    }
+    my $errors;
     my $now = time;
-    my $action = 'activate';
-    my $aclnum = 0;
-    if (&is_portfolio_url($requrl)) {
+    my %current_perms;
+    foreach my $requrl (sort(keys(%urls))) {
+        my $action;
+        if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
+            $action = 'activate';
+        } else {
+            $action = 'none';
+        }
+        my $aclnum = 0;
         my (undef,$udom,$unum,$file_name,$group) =
             &parse_portfolio_url($requrl);
-        my $current_perms = &get_portfile_permissions($udom,$unum);
-        my %access_controls = &get_access_controls($current_perms,
+        unless (exists($current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom})) {
+            $current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom} = &get_portfile_permissions($udom,$unum);
+        }
+        my %access_controls = &get_access_controls($current_perms{$unum.':'.$udom},
                                                    $group,$file_name);
         foreach my $key (keys(%{$access_controls{$file_name}})) {
             my ($num,$scope,$end,$start) = 
                 ($key =~ /^([^:]+):([a-z]+)_(\d*)_?(\d*)$/);
-            if ($scope eq 'public') {
-                if ($start <= $now && $end == 0) {
-                    $action = 'none';
-                } else {
+            if ($scope eq $accesstype) {
+                if (($start <= $now) && ($end == 0)) {
+                    if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
+                        if (ref($access_controls{$file_name}{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
+                            if (ref($access_controls{$file_name}{$key}{'ip'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                                if (grep(/^\Q$ip\E$/,@{$access_controls{$file_name}{$key}{'ip'}})) {
+                                    if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
+                                        $action = 'none';
+                                        last;
+                                    } else {
+                                        $action = 'delete';
+                                        $aclnum = $num;
+                                        last;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } elsif ($accesstype eq 'public') {
+                        if ($urls{$requrl} eq 'add') {
+                            $action = 'none';
+                            last;
+                        } else {
+                            $action = 'delete';
+                            $aclnum = $num;
+                            last;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } elsif ($accesstype eq 'public') {
                     $action = 'update';
                     $aclnum = $num;
+                    last;
                 }
-                last;
             }
         }
         if ($action eq 'none') {
-             return 'ok';
+            next;
         } else {
             my %changes;
             my $newend = 0;
             my $newstart = $now;
-            my $newkey = $aclnum.':public_'.$newend.'_'.$newstart;
+            my $newkey = $aclnum.':'.$accesstype.'_'.$newend.'_'.$newstart;
             $changes{$action}{$newkey} = {
-                type => 'public',
+                type => $accesstype,
                 time => {
                     start => $newstart,
                     end   => $newend,
                 },
             };
+            if ($accesstype eq 'ip') {
+                $changes{$action}{$newkey}{'ip'} = [$ip];
+            }
             my ($outcome,$deloutcome,$new_values,$translation) =
                 &modify_access_controls($file_name,\%changes,$udom,$unum);
-            return $outcome;
+            unless ($outcome eq 'ok') {
+                $errors .= $outcome.' ';
+            }
         }
+    }
+    if ($errors) {
+        $errors =~ s/\s$//;
+        return $errors;
     } else {
-        return 'invalid';
+        return 'ok';
     }
 }
 
@@ -9531,7 +10645,24 @@ sub dirlist {
             foreach my $user (sort(keys(%allusers))) {
                 push(@alluserslist,$user.'&user');
             }
-            return (\@alluserslist);
+
+            if (!%listerror) {
+                # no errors
+                return (\@alluserslist);
+            } elsif (scalar(keys(%servers)) == 1) {
+                # one library server, one error 
+                my ($key) = keys(%listerror);
+                return (\@alluserslist, $listerror{$key});
+            } elsif ( grep { $_ eq 'con_lost' } values(%listerror) ) {
+                # con_lost indicates that we might miss data from at least one
+                # library server
+                return (\@alluserslist, 'con_lost');
+            } else {
+                # multiple library servers and no con_lost -> data should be
+                # complete. 
+                return (\@alluserslist);
+            }
+
         } else {
             return ([],'missing username');
         }
@@ -9604,6 +10735,115 @@ sub stat_file {
     return ();
 }
 
+# --------------------------------------------------------- recursedirs
+# Recursive function to traverse either a specific user's Authoring Space
+# or corresponding Published Resource Space, and populate the hash ref:
+# $dirhashref with URLs of all directories, and if $filehashref hash
+# ref arg is provided, the URLs of any files, excluding versioned, .meta,
+# or .rights files in resource space, and .meta, .save, .log, and .bak
+# files in Authoring Space.
+#
+# Inputs:
+#
+# $is_home - true if current server is home server for user's space
+# $context - either: priv, or res respectively for Authoring or Resource Space.
+# $docroot - Document root (i.e., /home/httpd/html
+# $toppath - Top level directory (i.e., /res/$dom/$uname or /priv/$dom/$uname
+# $relpath - Current path (relative to top level).
+# $dirhashref - reference to hash to populate with URLs of directories (Required)
+# $filehashref - reference to hash to populate with URLs of files (Optional)
+#
+# Returns: nothing
+#
+# Side Effects: populates $dirhashref, and $filehashref (if provided).
+#
+# Currently used by interface/londocs.pm to create linked select boxes for
+# directory and filename to import a Course "Author" resource into a course, and
+# also to create linked select boxes for Authoring Space and Directory to choose
+# save location for creation of a new "standard" problem from the Course Editor.
+#
+
+sub recursedirs {
+    my ($is_home,$context,$docroot,$toppath,$relpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref) = @_;
+    return unless (ref($dirhashref) eq 'HASH');
+    my $currpath = $docroot.$toppath;
+    if ($relpath) {
+        $currpath .= "/$relpath";
+    }
+    my $savefile;
+    if (ref($filehashref)) {
+        $savefile = 1;
+    }
+    if ($is_home) {
+        if (opendir(my $dirh,$currpath)) {
+            foreach my $item (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } grep(!/^\.+$/,readdir($dirh))) {
+                next if ($item eq '');
+                if (-d "$currpath/$item") {
+                    my $newpath;
+                    if ($relpath) {
+                        $newpath = "$relpath/$item";
+                    } else {
+                        $newpath = $item;
+                    }
+                    $dirhashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($newpath)} = 1;
+                    &recursedirs($is_home,$context,$docroot,$toppath,$newpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref);
+                } elsif ($savefile) {
+                    if ($context eq 'priv') {
+                        unless ($item =~ /\.(meta|save|log|bak|DS_Store)$/) {
+                            $filehashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($relpath)}{$item} = 1;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        unless (($item =~ /\.meta$/) || ($item =~ /\.\d+\.\w+$/) || ($item =~ /\.rights$/)) {
+                            $filehashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($relpath)}{$item} = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            closedir($dirh);
+        }
+    } else {
+        my ($dirlistref,$listerror) =
+            &dirlist($toppath.$relpath);
+        my @dir_lines;
+        my $dirptr=16384;
+        if (ref($dirlistref) eq 'ARRAY') {
+            foreach my $dir_line (sort
+                              {
+                                  my ($afile)=split('&',$a,2);
+                                  my ($bfile)=split('&',$b,2);
+                                  return (lc($afile) cmp lc($bfile));
+                              } (@{$dirlistref})) {
+                my ($item,$dom,undef,$testdir,undef,undef,undef,undef,$size,undef,$mtime,undef,undef,undef,$obs,undef) =
+                    split(/\&/,$dir_line,16);
+                $item =~ s/\s+$//;
+                next if (($item =~ /^\.\.?$/) || ($obs));
+                if ($dirptr&$testdir) {
+                    my $newpath;
+                    if ($relpath) {
+                        $newpath = "$relpath/$item";
+                    } else {
+                        $relpath = '/';
+                        $newpath = $item;
+                    }
+                    $dirhashref->{&Apache::lonlocal::js_escape($newpath)} = 1;
+                    &recursedirs($is_home,$context,$docroot,$toppath,$newpath,$dirhashref,$filehashref);
+                } elsif ($savefile) {
+                    if ($context eq 'priv') {
+                        unless ($item =~ /\.(meta|save|log|bak|DS_Store)$/) {
+                            $filehashref->{$relpath}{$item} = 1;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        unless (($item =~ /\.meta$/) || ($item =~ /\.\d+\.\w+$/)) {
+                            $filehashref->{$relpath}{$item} = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
 # -------------------------------------------------------- Value of a Condition
 
 # gets the value of a specific preevaluated condition
@@ -9748,10 +10988,12 @@ sub get_userresdata {
     }
     #error 2 occurs when the .db doesn't exist
     if ($tmp!~/error: 2 /) {
-	&logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
-		 " Trying to get resource data for ".
-		 $uname." at ".$udom.": ".
-		 $tmp."</font>");
+        if ((!defined($cached)) || ($tmp ne 'con_lost')) {
+	    &logthis("<font color=\"blue\">WARNING:".
+		     " Trying to get resource data for ".
+		     $uname." at ".$udom.": ".
+		     $tmp."</font>");
+        }
     } elsif ($tmp=~/error: 2 /) {
 	#&EXT_cache_set($udom,$uname);
 	&do_cache_new('userres',$hashid,undef,600);
@@ -9765,7 +11007,14 @@ sub get_userresdata {
 #  Parameters:
 #     $name      - Course/user name.
 #     $domain    - Name of the domain the user/course is registered on.
-#     $type      - Type of thing $name is (must be 'course' or 'user'
+#     $type      - Type of thing $name is (must be 'course' or 'user')
+#     $mapp      - decluttered URL of enclosing map  
+#     $recursed  - Ref to scalar -- set to 1, if nested maps have been recursed.
+#     $recurseup - Ref to array of map URLs, starting with map containing
+#                  $mapp up through hierarchy of nested maps to top level map.  
+#     $courseid  - CourseID (first part of param identifier).
+#     $modifier  - Middle part of param identifier.
+#     $what      - Last part of param identifier.
 #     @which     - Array of names of resources desired.
 #  Returns:
 #     The value of the first reasource in @which that is found in the
@@ -9775,7 +11024,8 @@ sub get_userresdata {
 #     'user', an undefined  reference is returned.
 #     If none of the resources are found, an undef is returned
 sub resdata {
-    my ($name,$domain,$type,@which)=@_;
+    my ($name,$domain,$type,$mapp,$recursed,$recurseup,$courseid,
+        $modifier,$what,@which)=@_;
     my $result;
     if ($type eq 'course') {
 	$result=&get_courseresdata($name,$domain);
@@ -9784,13 +11034,56 @@ sub resdata {
     }
     if (!ref($result)) { return $result; }    
     foreach my $item (@which) {
-	if (defined($result->{$item->[0]})) {
+        if ($item->[1] eq 'course') {
+            if ((ref($recurseup) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($recursed) eq 'SCALAR')) {
+                unless ($$recursed) {
+                    @{$recurseup} = &get_map_hierarchy($mapp,$courseid);
+                    $$recursed = 1;
+                }
+                foreach my $item (@${recurseup}) {
+                    my $norecursechk=$courseid.$modifier.$item.'___(all).'.$what;
+                    last if (defined($result->{$norecursechk}));
+                    my $recursechk=$courseid.$modifier.$item.'___(rec).'.$what;
+                    if (defined($result->{$recursechk})) { return [$result->{$recursechk},'map']; }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (defined($result->{$item->[0]})) {
 	    return [$result->{$item->[0]},$item->[1]];
 	}
     }
     return undef;
 }
 
+sub get_domain_ltitools {
+    my ($cdom) = @_;
+    my %ltitools;
+    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('ltitools',$cdom);
+    if (defined($cached)) {
+        if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
+            %ltitools = %{$result};
+        }
+    } else {
+        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['ltitools'],$cdom);
+        if (ref($domconfig{'ltitools'}) eq 'HASH') {
+            %ltitools = %{$domconfig{'ltitools'}};
+            my %encdomconfig = &get_dom('encconfig',['ltitools'],$cdom);
+            if (ref($encdomconfig{'ltitools'}) eq 'HASH') {
+                foreach my $id (keys(%ltitools)) {
+                    if (ref($encdomconfig{'ltitools'}{$id}) eq 'HASH') {
+                        foreach my $item ('key','secret') {
+                            $ltitools{$id}{$item} = $encdomconfig{'ltitools'}{$id}{$item};
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        my $cachetime = 24*60*60;
+        &do_cache_new('ltitools',$cdom,\%ltitools,$cachetime);
+    }
+    return %ltitools;
+}
+
 sub get_numsuppfiles {
     my ($cnum,$cdom,$ignorecache)=@_;
     my $hashid=$cnum.':'.$cdom;
@@ -9815,6 +11108,16 @@ sub get_numsuppfiles {
 # EXT resource caching routines
 #
 
+{
+# Cache (5 seconds) of map hierarchy for speedup of navmaps display
+#
+# The course for which we cache
+my $cachedmapkey='';
+# The cached recursive maps for this course
+my %cachedmaps=();
+# When this was last done
+my $cachedmaptime='';
+
 sub clear_EXT_cache_status {
     &delenv('cache.EXT.');
 }
@@ -9992,8 +11295,8 @@ sub EXT {
             }
         }
 
-	my ($section, $group, @groups);
-	my ($courselevelm,$courselevel);
+	my ($section, $group, @groups, @recurseup, $recursed);
+	my ($courselevelm,$courseleveli,$courselevel,$mapp);
         if (($courseid eq '') && ($cid)) {
             $courseid = $cid;
         }
@@ -10004,11 +11307,10 @@ sub EXT {
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------- Cascading lookup scheme
 	    my $symbp=$symbparm;
-	    my $mapp=&deversion((&decode_symb($symbp))[0]);
-
+	    $mapp=&deversion((&decode_symb($symbp))[0]);
 	    my $symbparm=$symbp.'.'.$spacequalifierrest;
+            my $recurseparm=$mapp.'___(rec).'.$spacequalifierrest;
 	    my $mapparm=$mapp.'___(all).'.$spacequalifierrest;
-
 	    if (($env{'user.name'} eq $uname) &&
 		($env{'user.domain'} eq $udom)) {
 		$section=$env{'request.course.sec'};
@@ -10025,17 +11327,21 @@ sub EXT {
 
 	    my $seclevel=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$spacequalifierrest;
 	    my $seclevelr=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$symbparm;
+            my $secleveli=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$recurseparm;
 	    my $seclevelm=$courseid.'.['.$section.'].'.$mapparm;
 
 	    $courselevel=$courseid.'.'.$spacequalifierrest;
 	    my $courselevelr=$courseid.'.'.$symbparm;
+            $courseleveli=$courseid.'.'.$recurseparm;
 	    $courselevelm=$courseid.'.'.$mapparm;
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------- first, check user
 
-	    my $userreply=&resdata($uname,$udom,'user',
+	    my $userreply=&resdata($uname,$udom,'user',$mapp,\$recursed,
+                                   \@recurseup,$courseid,'.',$spacequalifierrest, 
 				       ([$courselevelr,'resource'],
 					[$courselevelm,'map'     ],
+                                        [$courseleveli,'map'     ],
 					[$courselevel, 'course'  ]));
 	    if (defined($userreply)) { return &get_reply($userreply); }
 
@@ -10043,15 +11349,18 @@ sub EXT {
             my $coursereply;
             if (@groups > 0) {
                 $coursereply = &check_group_parms($courseid,\@groups,$symbparm,
-                                       $mapparm,$spacequalifierrest);
-                if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); }
+                                       $recurseparm,$mapparm,$spacequalifierrest,
+                                       $mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup);
+                if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); } 
             }
 
 	    $coursereply=&resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
 				  $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
-				  'course',
+				  'course',$mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup,
+                                  $courseid,'.['.$section.'].',$spacequalifierrest,
 				  ([$seclevelr,   'resource'],
 				   [$seclevelm,   'map'     ],
+                                   [$secleveli,   'map'     ],
 				   [$seclevel,    'course'  ],
 				   [$courselevelr,'resource']));
 	    if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); }
@@ -10068,8 +11377,9 @@ sub EXT {
 	    if ($thisparm) { return &get_reply([$thisparm,'resource']); }
 	}
 # ------------------------------------------ fourth, look in resource metadata
-
-	$spacequalifierrest=~s/\./\_/;
+ 
+        my $what = $spacequalifierrest;
+	$what=~s/\./\_/;
 	my $filename;
 	if (!$symbparm) { $symbparm=&symbread(); }
 	if ($symbparm) {
@@ -10077,18 +11387,20 @@ sub EXT {
 	} else {
 	    $filename=$env{'request.filename'};
 	}
-	my $metadata=&metadata($filename,$spacequalifierrest);
+	my $metadata=&metadata($filename,$what);
 	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }
-	$metadata=&metadata($filename,'parameter_'.$spacequalifierrest);
+	$metadata=&metadata($filename,'parameter_'.$what);
 	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }
 
-# ---------------------------------------------- fourth, look in rest of course
+# ----------------------------------------------- fifth, look in rest of course
 	if ($symbparm && defined($courseid) && 
 	    $courseid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) {
 	    my $coursereply=&resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
 				     $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
-				     'course',
+				     'course',$mapp,\$recursed,\@recurseup,
+                                     $courseid,'.',$spacequalifierrest,
 				     ([$courselevelm,'map'   ],
+                                      [$courseleveli,'map'   ],
 				      [$courselevel, 'course']));
 	    if (defined($coursereply)) { return &get_reply($coursereply); }
 	}
@@ -10145,22 +11457,51 @@ sub get_reply {
 }
 
 sub check_group_parms {
-    my ($courseid,$groups,$symbparm,$mapparm,$what) = @_;
-    my @groupitems = ();
-    my $resultitem;
-    my @levels = ([$symbparm,'resource'],[$mapparm,'map'],[$what,'course']);
+    my ($courseid,$groups,$symbparm,$recurseparm,$mapparm,$what,$mapp,
+        $recursed,$recurseupref) = @_;
+    my @levels = ([$symbparm,'resource'],[$mapparm,'map'],[$recurseparm,'map'],
+                  [$what,'course']);
+    my $coursereply;
     foreach my $group (@{$groups}) {
+        my @groupitems = ();
         foreach my $level (@levels) {
              my $item = $courseid.'.['.$group.'].'.$level->[0];
              push(@groupitems,[$item,$level->[1]]);
         }
+        my $coursereply = &resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
+                                   $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
+                                   'course',$mapp,$recursed,$recurseupref,
+                                   $courseid,'.['.$group.'].',$what,
+                                   @groupitems);
+        last if (defined($coursereply));
     }
-    my $coursereply = &resdata($env{'course.'.$courseid.'.num'},
-                            $env{'course.'.$courseid.'.domain'},
-                                     'course',@groupitems);
     return $coursereply;
 }
 
+sub get_map_hierarchy {
+    my ($mapname,$courseid) = @_;
+    my @recurseup = ();
+    if ($mapname) {
+        if (($cachedmapkey eq $courseid) &&
+            (abs($cachedmaptime-time)<5)) {
+            if (ref($cachedmaps{$mapname}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                return @{$cachedmaps{$mapname}};
+            }
+        }
+        my $navmap = Apache::lonnavmaps::navmap->new();
+        if (ref($navmap)) {
+            @recurseup = $navmap->recurseup_maps($mapname);
+            undef($navmap);
+            $cachedmaps{$mapname} = \@recurseup;
+            $cachedmaptime=time;
+            $cachedmapkey=$courseid;
+        }
+    }
+    return @recurseup;
+}
+
+}
+
 sub sort_course_groups { # Sort groups based on defined rankings. Default is sort().
     my ($courseid,@groups) = @_;
     @groups = sort(@groups);
@@ -10245,7 +11586,7 @@ sub metadata {
     # if it is a non metadata possible uri return quickly
     if (($uri eq '') || 
 	(($uri =~ m|^/*adm/|) && 
-	     ($uri !~ m|^adm/includes|) && ($uri !~ m{/(smppg|bulletinboard)$})) ||
+	     ($uri !~ m|^adm/includes|) && ($uri !~ m{/(smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$})) ||
         ($uri =~ m|/$|) || ($uri =~ m|/.meta$|) || ($uri =~ m{^/*uploaded/.+\.sequence$})) {
 	return undef;
     }
@@ -10510,7 +11851,7 @@ sub metadata {
 
 	$metaentry{':keys'} = join(',',keys(%metathesekeys));
 	&metadata_generate_part0(\%metathesekeys,\%metaentry,$uri);
-	$metaentry{':allpossiblekeys'}=join(',',keys %metathesekeys);
+	$metaentry{':allpossiblekeys'}=join(',',keys(%metathesekeys));
 	&do_cache_new('meta',$uri,\%metaentry,$cachetime);
 # this is the end of "was not already recently cached
     }
@@ -10881,9 +12222,15 @@ sub deversion {
 # ------------------------------------------------------ Return symb list entry
 
 sub symbread {
-    my ($thisfn,$donotrecurse)=@_;
+    my ($thisfn,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles)=@_;
     my $cache_str='request.symbread.cached.'.$thisfn;
-    if (defined($env{$cache_str})) { return $env{$cache_str}; }
+    if (defined($env{$cache_str})) {
+        if ($ignorecachednull) {
+            return $env{$cache_str} unless ($env{$cache_str} eq '');
+        } else {
+            return $env{$cache_str};
+        }
+    }
 # no filename provided? try from environment
     unless ($thisfn) {
         if ($env{'request.symb'}) {
@@ -10945,18 +12292,46 @@ sub symbread {
 		     my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$ids);
 		     $syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
 						    $resid,$thisfn);
-                 } elsif (!$donotrecurse) {
+                     if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
+                         $possibles->{$syval} = 1;    
+                     }
+                     if ($checkforblock) {
+                         my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$bighash{'src_'.$ids});
+                         if (@blockers) {
+                             $syval = '';
+                             return;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 } elsif ((!$donotrecurse) || ($checkforblock) || (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH')) { 
 # ------------------------------------------ There is more than one possibility
                      my $realpossible=0;
                      foreach my $id (@possibilities) {
 			 my $file=$bighash{'src_'.$id};
-                         if (&allowed('bre',$file)) {
-         		    my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$id);
-                            if ($bighash{'map_type_'.$mapid} ne 'page') {
-				$realpossible++;
-                                $syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
-						    $resid,$thisfn);
-                            }
+                         my $canaccess;
+                         if (($donotrecurse) || ($checkforblock) || (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH')) {
+                             $canaccess = 1;
+                         } else { 
+                             $canaccess = &allowed('bre',$file);
+                         }
+                         if ($canaccess) {
+         		     my ($mapid,$resid)=split(/\./,$id);
+                             if ($bighash{'map_type_'.$mapid} ne 'page') {
+                                 my $poss_syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
+						             $resid,$thisfn);
+                                 if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
+                                     $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
+                                 }
+                                 if ($checkforblock) {
+                                     my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$poss_syval,$file);
+                                     unless (@blockers > 0) {
+                                         $syval = $poss_syval;
+                                         $realpossible++;
+                                     }
+                                 } else {
+                                     $syval = $poss_syval;
+                                     $realpossible++;
+                                 }
+                             }
 			 }
                      }
 		     if ($realpossible!=1) { $syval=''; }
@@ -10964,7 +12339,7 @@ sub symbread {
                      $syval='';
                  }
 	      }
-              untie(%bighash)
+              untie(%bighash);
            }
         }
         if ($syval) {
@@ -11487,7 +12862,6 @@ sub repcopy_userfile {
     }
 # now the path exists for sure
 # get a user agent
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $transferfile=$file.'.in.transfer';
 # FIXME: this should flock
     if (-e $transferfile) { return 'ok'; }
@@ -11497,7 +12871,7 @@ sub repcopy_userfile {
     my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
     $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$protocol.'://'.&hostname($homeserver).'/raw/'.$uri);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request,$transferfile);
+    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,$transferfile,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
 # did it work?
     if ($response->is_error()) {
 	unlink($transferfile);
@@ -11541,9 +12915,8 @@ sub getuploaded {
     my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
     $uri = $protocol.'://'.&hostname($homeserver).'/raw/'.$uri;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request=new HTTP::Request($reqtype,$uri);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,'',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
     $$rtncode = $response->code;
     if (! $response->is_success()) {
 	return 'failed';
@@ -11744,6 +13117,8 @@ sub clutter {
 #		&logthis("Got a blank emb style");
 	    }
 	}
+    } elsif ($thisfn =~ m{^/adm/$match_domain/$match_courseid/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
+        $thisfn='/adm/wrapper'.$thisfn;
     }
     return $thisfn;
 }
@@ -11829,10 +13204,8 @@ sub get_dns {
     }
     while (%alldns) {
 	my ($dns) = sort { $b cmp $a } keys(%alldns);
-	my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
-        $ua->timeout(30);
 	my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$alldns{$dns}://$dns$url");
-	my $response=$ua->request($request);
+        my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar,30,0);
         delete($alldns{$dns});
 	next if ($response->is_error());
 	my @content = split("\n",$response->content);
@@ -11935,8 +13308,8 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
     }
 
     sub load_domain_tab {
-	my ($ignore_cache) = @_;
-	&get_dns('/adm/dns/domain',\&parse_domain_tab,$ignore_cache);
+	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
+	&get_dns('/adm/dns/domain',\&parse_domain_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
 	my $fh;
 	if (open($fh,"<".$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/domain.tab')) {
 	    my @lines = <$fh>;
@@ -12014,6 +13387,7 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
 	&purge_remembered();
 	&reset_domain_info();
 	&reset_hosts_ip_info();
+        undef(%internetdom);
 	undef(%name_to_host);
 	undef(%hostname);
 	undef(%hostdom);
@@ -12022,8 +13396,8 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
     }
 
     sub load_hosts_tab {
-	my ($ignore_cache) = @_;
-	&get_dns('/adm/dns/hosts',\&parse_hosts_tab,$ignore_cache);
+	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
+	&get_dns('/adm/dns/hosts',\&parse_hosts_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
 	open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
 	my @config = <$config>;
 	&parse_hosts_tab(\@config);
@@ -12045,7 +13419,8 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
     }
 
     sub all_names {
-	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);
+        my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
+	&load_hosts_tab($ignore_cache,$nocache) if (!$loaded);
 
 	return %name_to_host;
     }
@@ -12055,6 +13430,11 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
         return %hostdom;
     }
 
+    sub all_host_intdom {
+        &load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);
+        return %internetdom;
+    }
+
     sub is_library {
 	&load_hosts_tab() if (!$loaded);
 
@@ -12167,7 +13547,7 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
     }
     
     sub get_iphost {
-	my ($ignore_cache) = @_;
+	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
 
 	if (!$ignore_cache) {
 	    if (%iphost) {
@@ -12191,7 +13571,7 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
 	    %old_name_to_ip = %{$ip_info->[1]};
 	}
 
-	my %name_to_host = &all_names();
+	my %name_to_host = &all_names($ignore_cache,$nocache);
 	foreach my $name (keys(%name_to_host)) {
 	    my $ip;
 	    if (!exists($name_to_ip{$name})) {
@@ -12216,9 +13596,11 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
 	    }
 	    push(@{$iphost{$ip}},@{$name_to_host{$name}});
 	}
-	&do_cache_new('iphost','iphost',
-		      [\%iphost,\%name_to_ip,\%lonid_to_ip],
-		      48*60*60);
+        unless ($nocache) {
+	    &do_cache_new('iphost','iphost',
+		          [\%iphost,\%name_to_ip,\%lonid_to_ip],
+		          48*60*60);
+        }
 
 	return %iphost;
     }
@@ -12409,7 +13791,15 @@ BEGIN {
                 my $item = $token->[1];
                 my $name = $token->[2]{'name'};
                 my $value = $token->[2]{'value'};
-                if ($item ne '' && $name ne '' && $value ne '') {
+                my $valuematch = $token->[2]{'valuematch'};
+                my $namematch = $token->[2]{'namematch'};
+                if ($item eq 'parameter') {
+                    if (($namematch ne '') || (($name ne '') && ($value ne '' || $valuematch ne ''))) {
+                        my $release = $parser->get_text();
+                        $release =~ s/(^\s*|\s*$ )//gx;
+                        $needsrelease{$item.':'.$name.':'.$value.':'.$valuematch.':'.$namematch} = $release;
+                    }
+                } elsif ($item ne '' && $name ne '') {
                     my $release = $parser->get_text();
                     $release =~ s/(^\s*|\s*$ )//gx;
                     $needsrelease{$item.':'.$name.':'.$value} = $release;
@@ -12682,10 +14072,12 @@ the answer, and also caches if there is
 
 =item *
 X<idget()>
-B<idget($udom,@ids)>: find the usernames behind a list of IDs
-(IDs are a unique resource in a domain, there must be only 1 ID per
-username, and only 1 username per ID in a specific domain) (returns
-hash: id=>name,id=>name)
+B<idget($udom,$idsref,$namespace)>: find the usernames behind either 
+a list of student/employee IDs or clicker IDs
+(student/employee IDs are a unique resource in a domain, there must be 
+only 1 ID per username, and only 1 username per ID in a specific domain).
+clickerIDs are not necessarily unique, as students might share clickers.
+(returns hash: id=>name,id=>name)
 
 =item *
 X<idrget()>
@@ -12694,7 +14086,27 @@ usernames (returns hash: name=>id,name=>
 
 =item *
 X<idput()>
-B<idput($udom,%ids)>: store away a list of names and associated IDs
+B<idput($udom,$idsref,$uhome,$namespace)>: store away a list of 
+names and associated student/employee IDs or clicker IDs.
+
+=item *
+X<iddel()>
+B<iddel($udom,$idshashref,$uhome,$namespace)>: delete unwanted 
+student/employee ID or clicker ID username look-ups from domain.
+The homeserver ($uhome) and namespace ($namespace) are optional.
+If no $uhome is provided, it will be determined usig &homeserver()
+for each user.  If no $namespace is provided, the default is ids.
+
+=item *
+X<updateclickers()>
+B<updateclickers($udom,$action,$idshashref,$uhome,$critical)>: update 
+clicker ID-to-username look-ups in clickers.db on library server.
+Permitted actions are add or del (i.e., add or delete). The 
+clickers.db contains clickerID as keys (escaped), and each corresponding
+value is an escaped comma-separated list of usernames (for whom the
+library server is the homeserver), who registered that particular ID.
+If $critical is true, the update will be sent via &critical, otherwise
+&reply() will be used.
 
 =item *
 X<rolesinit()>
@@ -12735,13 +14147,29 @@ escaped strings of the action recorded i
 
 =item *
 
-allowed($priv,$uri,$symb,$role) : check for a user privilege; returns codes for allowed actions
+allowed($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck) : check for a user privilege; 
+returns codes for allowed actions.
+
+The first argument is required, all others are optional.
+
+$priv is the privilege being checked.
+$uri contains additional information about what is being checked for access (e.g.,
+URL, course ID etc.). 
+$symb is the unique resource instance identifier in a course; if needed,
+but not provided, it will be retrieved via a call to &symbread(). 
+$role is the role for which a priv is being checked (only used if priv is evb). 
+$clientip is the user's IP address (only used when checking for access to portfolio 
+files).
+$noblockcheck, if true, skips calls to &has_comm_blocking() for the bre priv. This 
+prevents recursive calls to &allowed.
+
  F: full access
  U,I,K: authentication modes (cxx only)
  '': forbidden
  1: user needs to choose course
  2: browse allowed
  A: passphrase authentication needed
+ B: access temporarily blocked because of a blocking event in a course.
 
 =item *
 
@@ -12760,9 +14188,10 @@ in which case the null string is returne
 
 =item *
 
-definerole($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole) : define role; define a custom
-role rolename set privileges in format of lonTabs/roles.tab for system, domain,
-and course level
+definerole($rolename,$sysrole,$domrole,$courole,$uname,$udom) : define role;
+define a custom role rolename set privileges in format of lonTabs/roles.tab
+for system, domain, and course level. $uname and $udom are optional (current
+user's username and domain will be used when either of $uname or $udom are absent.
 
 =item *
 
@@ -12966,6 +14395,8 @@ Inputs:
 
 =item $credits, number of credits student will earn from this class
 
+=item $instsec, institutional course section code for student
+
 =back
 
 
@@ -13135,7 +14566,20 @@ will be stored for query
 
 =item *
 
-symbread($filename) : return symbolic list entry (filename argument optional);
+symbread($filename,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles) : 
+return symbolic list entry (all arguments optional). 
+
+Args: filename is the filename (including path) for the file for which a symb 
+is required; donotrecurse, if true will prevent calls to allowed() being made 
+to check access status if more than one resource was found in the bighash 
+(see rev. 1.249) to avoid an infinite loop if an ambiguous resource is part of 
+a randompick); ignorecachednull, if true will prevent a symb of '' being 
+returned if $env{$cache_str} is defined as ''; checkforblock if true will
+cause possible symbs to be checked to determine if they are subject to content
+blocking, if so they will not be included as possible symbs; possibles is a
+ref to a hash, which, as a side effect, will be populated with all possible 
+symbs (content blocking not tested).
+ 
 returns the data handle
 
 =item *
@@ -13421,7 +14865,7 @@ requestcourses: ability to request cours
 =over
 
 =item
-official, unofficial, community, textbook
+official, unofficial, community, textbook, placement
 
 =back
 
@@ -13443,7 +14887,7 @@ for course's uploaded content.
 
 =item
 canuse_pdfforms, officialcredits, unofficialcredits, textbookcredits, officialquota, unofficialquota, 
-communityquota, textbookquota
+communityquota, textbookquota, placementquota
 
 =back