--- loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm	2017/02/28 05:42:12	1.1339
+++ loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm	2018/02/01 04:51:13	1.1367
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The LearningOnline Network
 # TCP networking package
 #
-# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1339 2017/02/28 05:42:12 raeburn Exp $
+# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1367 2018/02/01 04:51:13 raeburn Exp $
 #
 # Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
 #
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ delayed.
 package Apache::lonnet;
 
 use strict;
-use LWP::UserAgent();
 use HTTP::Date;
 use Image::Magick;
 
@@ -101,6 +100,7 @@ use LONCAPA qw(:DEFAULT :match);
 use LONCAPA::Configuration;
 use LONCAPA::lonmetadata;
 use LONCAPA::Lond;
+use LONCAPA::LWPReq;
 
 use File::Copy;
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(%env);
 sub logtouch {
     my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
     unless (-e "$execdir/logs/lonnet.log") {	
-	open(my $fh,">>$execdir/logs/lonnet.log");
+	open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.log");
 	close $fh;
     }
     my ($wwwuid,$wwwgid)=(getpwnam('www'))[2,3];
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ sub logthis {
     my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
     my $now=time;
     my $local=localtime($now);
-    if (open(my $fh,">>$execdir/logs/lonnet.log")) {
+    if (open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.log")) {
 	my $logstring = $local. " ($$): ".$message."\n"; # Keep any \'s in string.
 	print $fh $logstring;
 	close($fh);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ sub logperm {
     my $execdir=$perlvar{'lonDaemons'};
     my $now=time;
     my $local=localtime($now);
-    if (open(my $fh,">>$execdir/logs/lonnet.perm.log")) {
+    if (open(my $fh,">>","$execdir/logs/lonnet.perm.log")) {
 	print $fh "$now:$message:$local\n";
 	close($fh);
     }
@@ -243,6 +243,10 @@ sub get_servercerts_info {
             if ($1 < 6) {
                 $uselocal = 0;
             }
+        }  elsif ($distro =~ /^(?:sles)(\d+)$/) {
+            if ($1 < 12) {
+                $uselocal = 0;
+            }
         }
     }
     if ($uselocal) {
@@ -305,13 +309,11 @@ sub get_server_loncaparev {
             $answer = &reply('serverloncaparev',$lonhost);
             if (($answer eq 'unknown_cmd') || ($answer eq 'con_lost')) {
                 if ($caller eq 'loncron') {
-                    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
-                    $ua->timeout(4);
                     my $protocol = $protocol{$lonhost};
                     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
                     my $url = $protocol.'://'.&hostname($lonhost).'/adm/about.html';
                     my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
-                    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+                    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar,4,1);
                     unless ($response->is_error()) {
                         my $content = $response->content;
                         if ($content =~ /<p>VERSION\:\s*([\w.\-]+)<\/p>/) {
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ sub reconlonc {
 
     &logthis("Trying to reconnect lonc");
     my $loncfile="$perlvar{'lonDaemons'}/logs/lonc.pid";
-    if (open(my $fh,"<$loncfile")) {
+    if (open(my $fh,"<",$loncfile)) {
 	my $loncpid=<$fh>;
         chomp($loncpid);
         if (kill 0 => $loncpid) {
@@ -523,7 +525,7 @@ sub critical {
             $dumpcount++;
             {
 		my $dfh;
-		if (open($dfh,">$dfilename")) {
+		if (open($dfh,">",$dfilename)) {
 		    print $dfh "$cmd\n"; 
 		    close($dfh);
 		}
@@ -532,7 +534,7 @@ sub critical {
             my $wcmd='';
             {
 		my $dfh;
-		if (open($dfh,"<$dfilename")) {
+		if (open($dfh,"<",$dfilename)) {
 		    $wcmd=<$dfh>; 
 		    close($dfh);
 		}
@@ -648,7 +650,7 @@ sub transfer_profile_to_env {
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------- Check for valid session 
 sub check_for_valid_session {
-    my ($r,$name,$userhashref) = @_;
+    my ($r,$name,$userhashref,$domref) = @_;
     my %cookies=CGI::Cookie->parse($r->header_in('Cookie'));
     my ($linkname,$pubname);
     if ($name eq '') {
@@ -676,7 +678,16 @@ sub check_for_valid_session {
     } else {
         $lonidsdir=$r->dir_config('lonIDsDir');
     }
-    return undef if (!-e "$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
+    if (!-e "$lonidsdir/$handle.id") {
+        if ((ref($domref)) && ($name eq 'lonID') && 
+            ($handle =~ /^($match_username)\_\d+\_($match_domain)\_(.+)$/)) {
+            my ($possuname,$possudom,$possuhome) = ($1,$2,$3);
+            if ((&domain($possudom) ne '') && (&homeserver($possuname,$possudom) eq $possuhome)) {
+                $$domref = $possudom;
+            }
+        }
+        return undef;
+    }
 
     my $opened = open(my $idf,'+<',"$lonidsdir/$handle.id");
     return undef if (!$opened);
@@ -696,6 +707,7 @@ sub check_for_valid_session {
     if (ref($userhashref) eq 'HASH') {
         $userhashref->{'name'} = $disk_env{'user.name'};
         $userhashref->{'domain'} = $disk_env{'user.domain'};
+        $userhashref->{'lti'} = $disk_env{'request.lti.login'};
     }
 
     return $handle;
@@ -1596,6 +1608,100 @@ sub internet_dom_servers {
     return %uniqservers;
 }
 
+sub trusted_domains {
+    my ($cmdtype,$calldom) = @_;
+    my ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    if (&domain($calldom) eq '') {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+    unless ($cmdtype =~ /^(content|shared|enroll|coaurem|domroles|catalog|reqcrs|msg)$/) {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+    my $callprimary = &domain($calldom,'primary');
+    my $intcalldom = &Apache::lonnet::internet_dom($callprimary);
+    if ($intcalldom eq '') {
+        return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+    }
+
+    my ($trustconfig,$cached)=&Apache::lonnet::is_cached_new('trust',$calldom);
+    unless (defined($cached)) {
+        my %domconfig = &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['trust'],$calldom);
+        &Apache::lonnet::do_cache_new('trust',$calldom,$domconfig{'trust'},3600);
+        $trustconfig = $domconfig{'trust'};
+    }
+    if (ref($trustconfig)) {
+        my (%possexc,%possinc,@allexc,@allinc); 
+        if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}) eq 'HASH') {
+            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                map { $possexc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'exc'}}; 
+            }
+            if (ref($trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                map { $possinc{$_} = 1; } @{$trustconfig->{$cmdtype}->{'inc'}};
+            }
+        }
+        if (keys(%possexc)) {
+            if (keys(%possinc)) {
+                foreach my $key (sort(keys(%possexc))) {
+                    next if ($key eq $intcalldom);
+                    unless ($possinc{$key}) {
+                        push(@allexc,$key);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                @allexc = sort(keys(%possexc));
+            }
+        }
+        if (keys(%possinc)) {
+            $possinc{$intcalldom} = 1;
+            @allinc = sort(keys(%possinc));
+        }
+        if ((@allexc > 0) || (@allinc > 0)) {
+            my %doms_by_intdom;
+            my %allintdoms = &all_host_intdom();
+            my %alldoms = &all_host_domain();
+            foreach my $key (%allintdoms) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    unless (grep(/^\Q$alldoms{$key}\E$/,@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}})) {
+                        push(@{$doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}}},$alldoms{$key});
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $doms_by_intdom{$allintdoms{$key}} = [$alldoms{$key}]; 
+                }
+            }
+            foreach my $exc (@allexc) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$exc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    $untrusted = $doms_by_intdom{$exc};
+                }
+            }
+            foreach my $inc (@allinc) {
+                if (ref($doms_by_intdom{$inc}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                    $trusted = $doms_by_intdom{$inc};
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ($trusted,$untrusted);
+}
+
+sub will_trust {
+    my ($cmdtype,$domain,$possdom) = @_;
+    return 1 if ($domain eq $possdom);
+    my ($trustedref,$untrustedref) = &trusted_domains($cmdtype,$possdom);
+    my $willtrust; 
+    if ((ref($trustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$trustedref} > 0)) {
+        if (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$trustedref})) {
+            $willtrust = 1;
+        }
+    } elsif ((ref($untrustedref) eq 'ARRAY') && (@{$untrustedref} > 0)) {
+        unless (grep(/^\Q$domain\E$/,@{$untrustedref})) {
+            $willtrust = 1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        $willtrust = 1;
+    }
+    return $willtrust;
+}
+
 # ---------------------- Find the homebase for a user from domain's lib servers
 
 my %homecache;
@@ -1845,7 +1951,12 @@ sub get_dom {
         }
     }
     if ($udom && $uhome && ($uhome ne 'no_host')) {
-        my $rep=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        my $rep;
+        if ($namespace =~ /^enc/) {
+            $rep=&reply("encrypt:egetdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        } else {
+            $rep=&reply("getdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        }
         my %returnhash;
         if ($rep eq '' || $rep =~ /^error: 2 /) {
             return %returnhash;
@@ -1889,7 +2000,11 @@ sub put_dom {
             $items.=&escape($item).'='.&freeze_escape($$storehash{$item}).'&';
         }
         $items=~s/\&$//;
-        return &reply("putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        if ($namespace =~ /^enc/) {
+            return &reply("encrypt:putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        } else {
+            return &reply("putdom:$udom:$namespace:$items",$uhome);
+        }
     } else {
         &logthis("put_dom failed - no homeserver and/or domain");
     }
@@ -1980,13 +2095,23 @@ sub inst_directory_query {
     my $homeserver = &domain($udom,'primary');
     my $outcome;
     if ($homeserver ne '') {
+        unless ($homeserver eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
+            if ($srch->{'srchby'} eq 'email') {
+                my $lcrev = &get_server_loncaparev(undef,$homeserver);
+                my ($major,$minor) = ($lcrev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.[\w.\-]+\'?$/);
+                if (($major eq '' && $minor eq '') || ($major < 2) ||
+                    (($major == 2) && ($minor < 12))) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
 	my $queryid=&reply("querysend:instdirsearch:".
 			   &escape($srch->{'srchby'}).':'.
 			   &escape($srch->{'srchterm'}).':'.
 			   &escape($srch->{'srchtype'}),$homeserver);
 	my $host=&hostname($homeserver);
 	if ($queryid !~/^\Q$host\E\_/) {
-	    &logthis('instituional directory search invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.'in domain '.$udom);
+	    &logthis('institutional directory search invalid queryid: '.$queryid.' for host: '.$homeserver.' in domain '.$udom);
 	    return;
 	}
 	my $response = &get_query_reply($queryid);
@@ -2021,6 +2146,14 @@ sub usersearch {
     my $query = 'usersearch';
     foreach my $tryserver (keys(%libserv)) {
         if (&host_domain($tryserver) eq $dom) {
+            unless ($tryserver eq $perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
+                if ($srch->{'srchby'} eq 'email') {
+                    my $lcrev = &get_server_loncaparev(undef,$tryserver);
+                    my ($major,$minor) = ($lcrev =~ /^\'?(\d+)\.(\d+)\.[\w.\-]+\'?$/);
+                    next if (($major eq '' && $minor eq '') || ($major < 2) ||
+                             (($major == 2) && ($minor < 12)));
+                }
+            }
             my $host=&hostname($tryserver);
             my $queryid=
                 &reply("querysend:".&escape($query).':'.
@@ -2269,6 +2402,9 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
         $domdefaults{'timezone_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'timezone_def'};
         $domdefaults{'datelocale_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'datelocale_def'};
         $domdefaults{'portal_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'portal_def'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_cost'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_cost'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_switch'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_switch'};
+        $domdefaults{'intauth_check'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'intauth_check'};
     } else {
         $domdefaults{'lang_def'} = &domain($domain,'lang_def');
         $domdefaults{'auth_def'} = &domain($domain,'auth_def');
@@ -2336,6 +2472,9 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
         } elsif ($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'}) {
             $domdefaults{'canclone'}=$domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'canclone'};
         }
+        if ($domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'texengine'}) {
+            $domdefaults{'texengine'} = $domconfig{'coursedefaults'}{'texengine'};
+        } 
     }
     if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}) eq 'HASH') {
         if (ref($domconfig{'usersessions'}{'remote'}) eq 'HASH') {
@@ -2941,9 +3080,13 @@ sub repcopy {
 		   mkdir($path,0777);
                }
            }
-           my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
            my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$remoteurl");
-           my $response=$ua->request($request,$transname);
+           my $response;
+           if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
+               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
+           } else {
+               $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$request,$transname,\%perlvar,'',1);
+           }
            if ($response->is_error()) {
 	       unlink($transname);
                my $message=$response->status_line;
@@ -2953,7 +3096,12 @@ sub repcopy {
            } else {
 	       if ($remoteurl!~/\.meta$/) {
                   my $mrequest=new HTTP::Request('GET',$remoteurl.'.meta');
-                  my $mresponse=$ua->request($mrequest,$filename.'.meta');
+                  my $mresponse;
+                  if ($remoteurl =~ m{/raw/}) {
+                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
+                  } else {
+                      $mresponse = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($home,$mrequest,$filename.'.meta',\%perlvar,'',1);
+                  }
                   if ($mresponse->is_error()) {
 		      unlink($filename.'.meta');
                       &logthis(
@@ -3016,7 +3164,6 @@ sub absolute_url {
 sub ssi {
 
     my ($fn,%form)=@_;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request;
 
     $form{'no_update_last_known'}=1;
@@ -3034,22 +3181,20 @@ sub ssi {
     }
 
     $request->header(Cookie => $ENV{'HTTP_COOKIE'});
-    my $response= $ua->request($request);
-    my $content = $response->content;
-
+    my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
+    my $response= &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($lonhost,$request,'',\%perlvar);
 
     if (wantarray) {
-	return ($content, $response);
+	return ($response->content, $response);
     } else {
-	return $content;
+	return $response->content;
     }
 }
 
 sub externalssi {
     my ($url)=@_;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$url);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar);
     if (wantarray) {
         return ($response->content, $response);
     } else {
@@ -3057,6 +3202,71 @@ sub externalssi {
     }
 }
 
+
+# If the local copy of a replicated resource is outdated, trigger a  
+# connection from the homeserver to flush the delayed queue. If no update 
+# happens, remove local copies of outdated resource (and corresponding
+# metadata file).
+
+sub remove_stale_resfile {
+    my ($url) = @_;
+    my $removed;
+    if ($url=~m{^/res/($match_domain)/($match_username)/}) {
+        my $audom = $1;
+        my $auname = $2;
+        unless (($url =~ /\.\d+\.\w+$/) || ($url =~ m{^/res/lib/templates/})) {
+            my $homeserver = &homeserver($auname,$audom);
+            unless (($homeserver eq 'no_host') ||
+                    (grep { $_ eq $homeserver } &current_machine_ids())) {
+                my $fname = &filelocation('',$url);
+                if (-e $fname) {
+                    my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
+                    $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
+                    my $hostname = &hostname($homeserver);
+                    if ($hostname) {
+                        my $uri = &declutter($url);
+                        my $request=new HTTP::Request('HEAD',$protocol.'://'.$hostname.'/raw/'.$uri);
+                        my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,'',\%perlvar,5,0,1);
+                        if ($response->is_success()) {
+                            my $remmodtime = &HTTP::Date::str2time( $response->header('Last-modified') );
+                            my $locmodtime = (stat($fname))[9];
+                            if ($locmodtime < $remmodtime) {
+                                my $stale;
+                                my $answer = &reply('pong',$homeserver);
+                                if ($answer eq $homeserver.':'.$perlvar{'lonHostID'}) {
+                                    sleep(0.2);
+                                    $locmodtime = (stat($fname))[9];
+                                    if ($locmodtime < $remmodtime) {
+                                        my $posstransfer = $fname.'.in.transfer';
+                                        if ((-e $posstransfer) && ($remmodtime < (stat($posstransfer))[9])) {
+                                            $removed = 1;
+                                        } else {
+                                            $stale = 1;
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        $removed = 1;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    $stale = 1;
+                                }
+                                if ($stale) {
+                                    unlink($fname);
+                                    if ($uri!~/\.meta$/) {
+                                        unlink($fname.'.meta');
+                                    }
+                                    &reply("unsub:$fname",$homeserver);
+                                    $removed = 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $removed;
+}
+
 # -------------------------------- Allow a /uploaded/ URI to be vouched for
 
 sub allowuploaded {
@@ -3195,7 +3405,7 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                         $forceedit = 1;
                     }
                     $cfile = $resurl;
-                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/exttools?$}) {
+                } elsif ($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
                     $incourse = 1;
                     if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                         $forceview = 1;
@@ -3227,7 +3437,7 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                         $forceedit = 1;
                     }
                     $cfile = $resurl;
-            } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/exttools?$}) && ($env{'form.folderpath'} =~ /^supplemental/)) {
+            } elsif (($resurl =~ m{^/adm/wrapper/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) && ($env{'form.folderpath'} =~ /^supplemental/)) {
                 $incourse = 1;
                 if ($env{'form.forceedit'}) {
                     $forceview = 1;
@@ -3245,7 +3455,7 @@ sub can_edit_resource {
                 } else {
                     $cfile = $env{'form.suppurl'};
                     my $escfile = &unescape($cfile);
-                    if ($escfile =~ m{^/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/exttools?$}) {
+                    if ($escfile =~ m{^/adm/$cdom/$cnum/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
                         $cfile = '/adm/wrapper'.$escfile;
                     } else {
                         $escfile =~ s{^http://}{};
@@ -3406,7 +3616,7 @@ sub process_coursefile {
                                  $home);
             }
         } elsif ($action eq 'uploaddoc') {
-            open(my $fh,'>'.$filepath.'/'.$fname);
+            open(my $fh,'>',$filepath.'/'.$fname);
             print $fh $env{'form.'.$source};
             close($fh);
             if ($parser eq 'parse') {
@@ -3464,7 +3674,7 @@ sub store_edited_file {
     ($fpath,$fname) = ($file =~ m|^(.*)/([^/]+)$|);
     $fpath=$docudom.'/'.$docuname.'/'.$fpath;
     my $filepath = &build_filepath($fpath);
-    open(my $fh,'>'.$filepath.'/'.$fname);
+    open(my $fh,'>',$filepath.'/'.$fname);
     print $fh $content;
     close($fh);
     my $home=&homeserver($docuname,$docudom);
@@ -3580,12 +3790,12 @@ sub userfileupload {
                          '_'.$env{'user.domain'}.'/pending';
         } elsif (($context eq 'existingfile') || ($context eq 'canceloverwrite')) {
             my ($docuname,$docudom);
-            if ($destudom) {
+            if ($destudom =~ /^$match_domain$/) {
                 $docudom = $destudom;
             } else {
                 $docudom = $env{'user.domain'};
             }
-            if ($destuname) {
+            if ($destuname =~ /^$match_username$/) {
                 $docuname = $destuname;
             } else {
                 $docuname = $env{'user.name'};
@@ -3615,7 +3825,7 @@ sub userfileupload {
                 mkdir($fullpath,0777);
             }
         }
-        open(my $fh,'>'.$fullpath.'/'.$fname);
+        open(my $fh,'>',$fullpath.'/'.$fname);
         print $fh $env{'form.'.$formname};
         close($fh);
         if ($context eq 'existingfile') {
@@ -3690,7 +3900,7 @@ sub finishuserfileupload {
 
 # Save the file
     {
-	if (!open(FH,'>'.$filepath.'/'.$file)) {
+	if (!open(FH,'>',$filepath.'/'.$file)) {
 	    &logthis('Failed to create '.$filepath.'/'.$file);
 	    print STDERR ('Failed to create '.$filepath.'/'.$file."\n");
 	    return '/adm/notfound.html';
@@ -3748,7 +3958,8 @@ sub finishuserfileupload {
         my $input = $filepath.'/'.$file;
         my $output = $filepath.'/'.'tn-'.$file;
         my $thumbsize = $thumbwidth.'x'.$thumbheight;
-        system("convert -sample $thumbsize $input $output");
+        my @args = ('convert','-sample',$thumbsize,$input,$output);
+        system({$args[0]} @args);
         if (-e $filepath.'/'.'tn-'.$file) {
             $fetchthumb  = 1; 
         }
@@ -4708,7 +4919,7 @@ sub postannounce {
 
 sub getannounce {
 
-    if (open(my $fh,$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/announcement.txt')) {
+    if (open(my $fh,"<",$perlvar{'lonDocRoot'}.'/announcement.txt')) {
 	my $announcement='';
 	while (my $line = <$fh>) { $announcement .= $line; }
 	close($fh);
@@ -5018,6 +5229,9 @@ sub set_first_access {
                         'course.'.$courseid.'.timerinterval.'.$res => $interval,
                      }
                   );
+            if (($cachedtime) && (abs($start-$cachedtime) < 5)) {
+                $cachedtimes{"$courseid\0$res"} = $start;
+            }
         }
         return $putres;
     }
@@ -5804,9 +6018,10 @@ sub rolesinit {
         }
     }
 
-    @userroles{'user.author', 'user.adv'} = &set_userprivs(\%userroles,
-        \%allroles, \%allgroups);
+    @userroles{'user.author','user.adv','user.rar'} = &set_userprivs(\%userroles,
+                                                          \%allroles, \%allgroups);
     $env{'user.adv'} = $userroles{'user.adv'};
+    $env{'user.rar'} = $userroles{'user.rar'};
 
     return (\%userroles,\%firstaccenv,\%timerintenv);
 }
@@ -5930,6 +6145,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
     my ($userroles,$allroles,$allgroups,$groups_roles) = @_; 
     my $author=0;
     my $adv=0;
+    my $rar=0;
     my %grouproles = ();
     if (keys(%{$allgroups}) > 0) {
         my @groupkeys; 
@@ -5977,6 +6193,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
                     $thesepriv{$privilege}.=$restrictions;
                 }
                 if ($thesepriv{'adv'} eq 'F') { $adv=1; }
+                if ($thesepriv{'rar'} eq 'F') { $rar=1; }
             }
         }
         my $thesestr='';
@@ -5985,7 +6202,7 @@ sub set_userprivs {
 	}
         $userroles->{'user.priv.'.$role} = $thesestr;
     }
-    return ($author,$adv);
+    return ($author,$adv,$rar);
 }
 
 sub role_status {
@@ -6030,9 +6247,10 @@ sub role_status {
                                 push(@rolecodes,$$role);
                                 &standard_roleprivs(\%allroles,$$role,$tdomain,$spec,$trest,$$where);
                             }
-                            my ($author,$adv)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%allroles,\%allgroups,\%groups_roles);
+                            my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%allroles,\%allgroups,
+                                                                   \%groups_roles);
                             &appenv(\%userroles,\@rolecodes);
-                            &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$role);
+                            &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
                         }
                     }
                     $$tstatus = 'is';
@@ -6151,9 +6369,9 @@ sub set_adhoc_privileges {
     } else {
         &standard_roleprivs(\%rolehash,$role,$dcdom,$spec,$pickedcourse,$area);
     }
-    my ($author,$adv)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%rolehash);
+    my ($author,$adv,$rar)= &set_userprivs(\%userroles,\%rolehash);
     &appenv(\%userroles,[$role,'cm']);
-    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$role);
+    &log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},"Role ".$spec);
     unless ($caller eq 'constructaccess' && $env{'request.course.id'}) {
         &appenv( {'request.role'        => $spec,
                   'request.role.domain' => $dcdom,
@@ -6307,7 +6525,7 @@ sub currentdump {
    #
    my %returnhash=();
    #
-   if ($rep eq "unknown_cmd") { 
+   if ($rep eq 'unknown_cmd') {
        # an old lond will not know currentdump
        # Do a dump and make it look like a currentdump
        my @tmp = &dumpstore($courseid,$sdom,$sname,'.');
@@ -7241,7 +7459,7 @@ sub allowed {
 
     if (defined($env{'allowed.'.$priv})) { return $env{'allowed.'.$priv}; }
 # Free bre access to adm and meta resources
-    if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard)$})) 
+    if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$})) 
 	 || (($uri=~/\.meta$/) && ($uri!~m|^uploaded/|) )) 
 	&& ($priv eq 'bre')) {
 	return 'F';
@@ -7289,7 +7507,10 @@ sub allowed {
 # Free bre to public access
 
     if ($priv eq 'bre') {
-        my $copyright=&metadata($uri,'copyright');
+        my $copyright;
+        unless ($uri =~ /ext\.tool/) {
+            $copyright=&metadata($uri,'copyright');
+        }
 	if (($copyright eq 'public') && (!$env{'request.course.id'})) { 
            return 'F'; 
         }
@@ -8250,7 +8471,7 @@ sub fetch_enrollment_query {
                         if ($xml_classlist =~ /^error/) {
                             &logthis('fetch_enrollment_query - autoretrieve error: '.$xml_classlist.' for '.$filename.' from server: '.$homeserver.' '.$context.' '.$cnum);
                         } else {
-                            if ( open(FILE,">$destname") ) {
+                            if ( open(FILE,">",$destname) ) {
                                 print FILE &unescape($xml_classlist);
                                 close(FILE);
                             } else {
@@ -8279,7 +8500,7 @@ sub get_query_reply {
     for (1..$loopmax) {
 	sleep($sleep);
         if (-e $replyfile.'.end') {
-	    if (open(my $fh,$replyfile)) {
+	    if (open(my $fh,"<",$replyfile)) {
 		$reply = join('',<$fh>);
 		close($fh);
 	   } else { return 'error: reply_file_error'; }
@@ -8671,6 +8892,33 @@ sub auto_validate_class_sec {
     return $response;
 }
 
+sub auto_validate_instclasses {
+    my ($cdom,$cnum,$owners,$classesref) = @_;
+    my ($homeserver,%validations);
+    $homeserver = &homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
+    unless ($homeserver eq 'no_host') {
+        my $ownerlist;
+        if (ref($owners) eq 'ARRAY') {
+            $ownerlist = join(',',@{$owners});
+        } else {
+            $ownerlist = $owners;
+        }
+        if (ref($classesref) eq 'HASH') {
+            my $classes = &freeze_escape($classesref);
+            my $response=&reply('autovalidateinstclasses:'.&escape($ownerlist).
+                                ':'.$cdom.':'.$classes,$homeserver);
+            unless ($response =~ /(con_lost|error|no_such_host|refused)/) {
+                my @items = split(/&/,$response);
+                foreach my $item (@items) {
+                    my ($key,$value) = split('=',$item);
+                    $validations{&unescape($key)} = &thaw_unescape($value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return %validations;
+}
+
 sub auto_crsreq_update {
     my ($cdom,$cnum,$crstype,$action,$ownername,$ownerdomain,$fullname,$title,
         $code,$accessstart,$accessend,$inbound) = @_;
@@ -9906,7 +10154,7 @@ sub save_selected_files {
     my ($user, $path, @files) = @_;
     my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
     my @other_files = &files_not_in_path($user, $path);
-    open (OUT, '>'.$tmpdir.$filename);
+    open (OUT,'>',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
     foreach my $file (@files) {
         print (OUT $env{'form.currentpath'}.$file."\n");
     }
@@ -9920,7 +10168,7 @@ sub save_selected_files {
 sub clear_selected_files {
     my ($user) = @_;
     my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
-    open (OUT, '>'.LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
+    open (OUT,'>',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
     print (OUT undef);
     close (OUT);
     return ("ok");    
@@ -9930,7 +10178,7 @@ sub files_in_path {
     my ($user, $path) = @_;
     my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
     my %return_files;
-    open (IN, '<'.LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
+    open (IN,'<',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
     while (my $line_in = <IN>) {
         chomp ($line_in);
         my @paths_and_file = split (m!/!, $line_in);
@@ -9952,7 +10200,7 @@ sub files_not_in_path {
     my $filename = $user."savedfiles";
     my @return_files;
     my $path_part;
-    open(IN, '<'.LONCAPA::.$filename);
+    open(IN, '<',LONCAPA::tempdir().$filename);
     while (my $line = <IN>) {
         #ok, I know it's clunky, but I want it to work
         my @paths_and_file = split(m|/|, $line);
@@ -10937,23 +11185,40 @@ sub resdata {
     return undef;
 }
 
-sub get_domain_ltitools {
-    my ($cdom) = @_;
-    my %ltitools;
-    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('ltitools',$cdom);
+sub get_domain_lti {
+    my ($cdom,$context) = @_;
+    my ($name,%lti);
+    if ($context eq 'consumer') {
+        $name = 'ltitools';
+    } elsif ($context eq 'provider') {
+        $name = 'lti';
+    } else {
+        return %lti;
+    }
+    my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new($name,$cdom);
     if (defined($cached)) {
         if (ref($result) eq 'HASH') {
-            %ltitools = %{$result};
+            %lti = %{$result};
         }
     } else {
-        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',['ltitools'],$cdom);
-        if (ref($domconfig{'ltitools'}) eq 'HASH') {
-            %ltitools = %{$domconfig{'ltitools'}};
+        my %domconfig = &get_dom('configuration',[$name],$cdom);
+        if (ref($domconfig{$name}) eq 'HASH') {
+            %lti = %{$domconfig{$name}};
+            my %encdomconfig = &get_dom('encconfig',[$name],$cdom);
+            if (ref($encdomconfig{$name}) eq 'HASH') {
+                foreach my $id (keys(%lti)) {
+                    if (ref($encdomconfig{$name}{$id}) eq 'HASH') {
+                        foreach my $item ('key','secret') {
+                            $lti{$id}{$item} = $encdomconfig{$name}{$id}{$item};
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
         my $cachetime = 24*60*60;
-        &do_cache_new('ltitools',$cdom,\%ltitools,$cachetime);
+        &do_cache_new($name,$cdom,\%lti,$cachetime);
     }
-    return %ltitools;
+    return %lti;
 }
 
 sub get_numsuppfiles {
@@ -10966,10 +11231,11 @@ sub get_numsuppfiles {
     unless (defined($cached)) {
         my $chome=&homeserver($cnum,$cdom);
         unless ($chome eq 'no_host') {
-            ($suppcount,my $errors) = (0,0);
+            ($suppcount,my $supptools,my $errors) = (0,0,0);
             my $suppmap = 'supplemental.sequence';
-            ($suppcount,$errors) = 
-                &Apache::loncommon::recurse_supplemental($cnum,$cdom,$suppmap,$suppcount,$errors);
+            ($suppcount,$supptools,$errors) =
+                &Apache::loncommon::recurse_supplemental($cnum,$cdom,$suppmap,$suppcount,
+                                                         $supptools,$errors);
         }
         &do_cache_new('suppcount',$hashid,$suppcount,600);
     }
@@ -11259,9 +11525,13 @@ sub EXT {
 	} else {
 	    $filename=$env{'request.filename'};
 	}
-	my $metadata=&metadata($filename,$what);
+        my $toolsymb;
+        if (($filename =~ /ext\.tool$/) && ($what ne '0_gradable')) {
+            $toolsymb = $symbparm;
+        }
+	my $metadata=&metadata($filename,$what,$toolsymb);
 	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }
-	$metadata=&metadata($filename,'parameter_'.$what);
+	$metadata=&metadata($filename,'parameter_'.$what,$toolsymb);
 	if (defined($metadata)) { return &get_reply([$metadata,'resource']); }
 
 # ----------------------------------------------- fifth, look in rest of course
@@ -11287,7 +11557,7 @@ sub EXT {
 	    if (defined($partgeneral[0])) { return &get_reply(\@partgeneral); }
 	}
 	if ($recurse) { return undef; }
-	my $pack_def=&packages_tab_default($filename,$varname);
+	my $pack_def=&packages_tab_default($filename,$varname,$toolsymb);
 	if (defined($pack_def)) { return &get_reply([$pack_def,'resource']); }
 # ---------------------------------------------------- Any other user namespace
     } elsif ($realm eq 'environment') {
@@ -11381,11 +11651,11 @@ sub sort_course_groups { # Sort groups b
 }
 
 sub packages_tab_default {
-    my ($uri,$varname)=@_;
+    my ($uri,$varname,$toolsymb)=@_;
     my (undef,$part,$name)=split(/\./,$varname);
 
     my (@extension,@specifics,$do_default);
-    foreach my $package (split(/,/,&metadata($uri,'packages'))) {
+    foreach my $package (split(/,/,&metadata($uri,'packages',$toolsymb))) {
 	my ($pack_type,$pack_part)=split(/_/,$package,2);
 	if ($pack_type eq 'default') {
 	    $do_default=1;
@@ -11453,12 +11723,12 @@ sub add_prefix_and_part {
 my %metaentry;
 my %importedpartids;
 sub metadata {
-    my ($uri,$what,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount)=@_;
+    my ($uri,$what,$toolsymb,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount)=@_;
     $uri=&declutter($uri);
     # if it is a non metadata possible uri return quickly
     if (($uri eq '') || 
 	(($uri =~ m|^/*adm/|) && 
-	     ($uri !~ m|^adm/includes|) && ($uri !~ m{/(smppg|bulletinboard|exttools?)$})) ||
+	     ($uri !~ m|^adm/includes|) && ($uri !~ m{/(smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$})) ||
         ($uri =~ m|/$|) || ($uri =~ m|/.meta$|) || ($uri =~ m{^/*uploaded/.+\.sequence$})) {
 	return undef;
     }
@@ -11477,6 +11747,65 @@ sub metadata {
 	my ($result,$cached)=&is_cached_new('meta',$uri);
 	if (defined($cached)) { return $result->{':'.$what}; }
     }
+
+#
+# If the uri is for an external tool the file from
+# which metadata should be retrieved depends on whether
+# the tool had been configured to be gradable (set in the Course
+# Editor or Resource Editor).
+#
+# If a valid symb has been included as the third arg in the call
+# to &metadata() that can be used to retrieve the value of
+# parameter_0_gradable set for the resource, and included in the
+# uploaded map containing the tool. The value is retrieved via
+# &EXT(), if a valid symb is available.  Otherwise the value of
+# gradable in the exttool_$marker.db file for the tool instance
+# is retrieved via &get().
+#
+# When lonuserstate::traceroute() calls lonnet::EXT() for 
+# hiddenresource and encrypturl (during course initialization)
+# the map-level parameter for resource.0.gradable included in the 
+# uploaded map containing the tool will not yet have been stored
+# in the user_course_parms.db file for the user's session, so in 
+# this case fall back to retrieving gradable status from the
+# exttool_$marker.db file.
+#
+# In order to avoid an infinite loop, &metadata() will return
+# before a call to &EXT(), if the uri is for an external tool
+# and the $what for which metadata is being requested is
+# parameter_0_gradable or 0_gradable.
+#
+
+    if ($uri =~ /ext\.tool$/) {
+        if (($what eq 'parameter_0_gradable') || ($what eq '0_gradable')) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            my ($checked,$use_passback);
+            if ($toolsymb ne '') {
+                (undef,undef,my $tooluri) = &decode_symb($toolsymb);
+                if (($tooluri eq $uri) && (&EXT('resource.0.gradable',$toolsymb))) {
+                    $checked = 1;
+                    if (&EXT('resource.0.gradable',$toolsymb) =~ /^yes$/i) {
+                        $use_passback = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            unless ($checked) {
+                my ($ignore,$cdom,$cnum,$marker) = split(m{/},$uri);
+                $marker=~s/\D//g;
+                if ($marker) {
+                    my %toolsettings=&get('exttool_'.$marker,['gradable'],$cdom,$cnum);
+                    $use_passback = $toolsettings{'gradable'};
+                }
+            }
+            if ($use_passback) {
+                $filename = '/home/httpd/html/res/lib/templates/LTIpassback.tool';
+            } else {
+                $filename = '/home/httpd/html/res/lib/templates/LTIstandard.tool';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     {
 # Imported parts would go here
         my %importedids=();
@@ -11616,7 +11945,7 @@ sub metadata {
 
 			if ($depthcount<20) {
 			    my $metadata = 
-				&metadata($uri,'keys', $location,$unikey,
+				&metadata($uri,'keys',$toolsymb,$location,$unikey,
 					  $depthcount+1);
 			    foreach my $meta (split(',',$metadata)) {
 				$metaentry{':'.$meta}=$metaentry{':'.$meta};
@@ -11691,7 +12020,7 @@ sub metadata {
 		$dir=~s|[^/]*$||;
 		$location=&filelocation($dir,$location);
 		my $rights_metadata =
-		    &metadata($uri,'keys',$location,'_rights',
+		    &metadata($uri,'keys',$toolsymb,$location,'_rights',
 			      $depthcount+1);
 		foreach my $rights (split(',',$rights_metadata)) {
 		    #$metaentry{':'.$rights}=$metacache{$uri}->{':'.$rights};
@@ -12734,7 +13063,6 @@ sub repcopy_userfile {
     }
 # now the path exists for sure
 # get a user agent
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $transferfile=$file.'.in.transfer';
 # FIXME: this should flock
     if (-e $transferfile) { return 'ok'; }
@@ -12744,7 +13072,7 @@ sub repcopy_userfile {
     my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
     $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',$protocol.'://'.&hostname($homeserver).'/raw/'.$uri);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request,$transferfile);
+    my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,$transferfile,\%perlvar,'',0,1);
 # did it work?
     if ($response->is_error()) {
 	unlink($transferfile);
@@ -12788,9 +13116,8 @@ sub getuploaded {
     my $protocol = $protocol{$homeserver};
     $protocol = 'http' if ($protocol ne 'https');
     $uri = $protocol.'://'.&hostname($homeserver).'/raw/'.$uri;
-    my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
     my $request=new HTTP::Request($reqtype,$uri);
-    my $response=$ua->request($request);
+    my $response=&LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest($homeserver,$request,'',\%perlvar,'',0,1);
     $$rtncode = $response->code;
     if (! $response->is_success()) {
 	return 'failed';
@@ -12807,7 +13134,7 @@ sub readfile {
     my $file = shift;
     if ( (! -e $file ) || ($file eq '') ) { return -1; };
     my $fh;
-    open($fh,"<$file");
+    open($fh,"<",$file);
     my $a='';
     while (my $line = <$fh>) { $a .= $line; }
     return $a;
@@ -12920,7 +13247,7 @@ sub machine_ids {
 
 sub additional_machine_domains {
     my @domains;
-    open(my $fh,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/expected_domains.tab");
+    open(my $fh,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/expected_domains.tab");
     while( my $line = <$fh>) {
         $line =~ s/\s//g;
         push(@domains,$line);
@@ -12991,7 +13318,7 @@ sub clutter {
 #		&logthis("Got a blank emb style");
 	    }
 	}
-    } elsif ($thisfn =~ m{^/adm/$match_domain/$match_courseid/\d+/exttools?$}) {
+    } elsif ($thisfn =~ m{^/adm/$match_domain/$match_courseid/\d+/ext\.tool$}) {
         $thisfn='/adm/wrapper'.$thisfn;
     }
     return $thisfn;
@@ -13066,7 +13393,7 @@ sub get_dns {
     }
 
     my %alldns;
-    open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
+    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
     foreach my $dns (<$config>) {
 	next if ($dns !~ /^\^(\S*)/x);
         my $line = $1;
@@ -13078,10 +13405,8 @@ sub get_dns {
     }
     while (%alldns) {
 	my ($dns) = sort { $b cmp $a } keys(%alldns);
-	my $ua=new LWP::UserAgent;
-        $ua->timeout(30);
 	my $request=new HTTP::Request('GET',"$alldns{$dns}://$dns$url");
-	my $response=$ua->request($request);
+        my $response = &LONCAPA::LWPReq::makerequest('',$request,'',\%perlvar,30,0);
         delete($alldns{$dns});
 	next if ($response->is_error());
 	my @content = split("\n",$response->content);
@@ -13094,7 +13419,7 @@ sub get_dns {
     close($config);
     my $which = (split('/',$url))[3];
     &logthis("unable to contact DNS defaulting to on disk file dns_$which.tab\n");
-    open($config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/dns_$which.tab");
+    open($config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/dns_$which.tab");
     my @content = <$config>;
     &$func(\@content,$hashref);
     return;
@@ -13187,7 +13512,7 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
 	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
 	&get_dns('/adm/dns/domain',\&parse_domain_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
 	my $fh;
-	if (open($fh,"<".$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/domain.tab')) {
+	if (open($fh,"<",$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}.'/domain.tab')) {
 	    my @lines = <$fh>;
 	    &parse_domain_tab(\@lines);
 	}
@@ -13239,8 +13564,23 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
 	    my ($id,$domain,$role,$name,$protocol,$intdom)=split(/:/,$configline);
 	    $name=~s/\s//g;
 	    if ($id && $domain && $role && $name) {
+                if ((exists($hostname{$id})) && ($hostname{$id} ne '')) {
+                    my $curr = $hostname{$id};
+                    my $skip;
+                    if (ref($name_to_host{$curr}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                        if (($curr eq $name) && (@{$name_to_host{$curr}} == 1)) {
+                            $skip = 1;
+                        } else {
+                            @{$name_to_host{$curr}} = grep { $_ ne $id } @{$name_to_host{$curr}};
+                        }
+                    }
+                    unless ($skip) {
+                        push(@{$name_to_host{$name}},$id);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    push(@{$name_to_host{$name}},$id);
+                }
 		$hostname{$id}=$name;
-		push(@{$name_to_host{$name}}, $id);
 		$hostdom{$id}=$domain;
 		if ($role eq 'library') { $libserv{$id}=$name; }
                 if (defined($protocol)) {
@@ -13274,7 +13614,7 @@ sub fetch_dns_checksums {
     sub load_hosts_tab {
 	my ($ignore_cache,$nocache) = @_;
 	&get_dns('/adm/dns/hosts',\&parse_hosts_tab,$ignore_cache,$nocache);
-	open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
+	open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/hosts.tab");
 	my @config = <$config>;
 	&parse_hosts_tab(\@config);
 	close($config);
@@ -13545,7 +13885,7 @@ sub all_loncaparevs {
 {
     sub load_loncaparevs { 
         if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/loncaparevs.tab") {
-            if (open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/loncaparevs.tab")) {
+            if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/loncaparevs.tab")) {
                 while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                     chomp($configline);
                     my ($hostid,$loncaparev)=split(/:/,$configline);
@@ -13561,7 +13901,7 @@ sub all_loncaparevs {
 {
     sub load_serverhomeIDs {
         if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/serverhomeIDs.tab") {
-            if (open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/serverhomeIDs.tab")) {
+            if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/serverhomeIDs.tab")) {
                 while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                     chomp($configline);
                     my ($name,$id)=split(/:/,$configline);
@@ -13586,7 +13926,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------ Read spare server file
 {
-    open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/spare.tab");
+    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/spare.tab");
 
     while (my $configline=<$config>) {
        chomp($configline);
@@ -13600,7 +13940,7 @@ BEGIN {
 }
 # ------------------------------------------------------------ Read permissions
 {
-    open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/roles.tab");
+    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/roles.tab");
 
     while (my $configline=<$config>) {
 	chomp($configline);
@@ -13614,7 +13954,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
 # -------------------------------------------- Read plain texts for permissions
 {
-    open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/rolesplain.tab");
+    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/rolesplain.tab");
 
     while (my $configline=<$config>) {
 	chomp($configline);
@@ -13634,7 +13974,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------- Read package table
 {
-    open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/packages.tab");
+    open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/packages.tab");
 
     while (my $configline=<$config>) {
 	if ($configline !~ /\S/ || $configline=~/^#/) { next; }
@@ -13688,7 +14028,7 @@ BEGIN {
 # ---------------------------------------------------------- Read managers table
 {
     if (-e "$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/managers.tab") {
-        if (open(my $config,"<$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/managers.tab")) {
+        if (open(my $config,"<","$perlvar{'lonTabDir'}/managers.tab")) {
             while (my $configline=<$config>) {
                 chomp($configline);
                 next if ($configline =~ /^\#/);
@@ -14427,10 +14767,14 @@ condval($condidx) : value of condition i
 
 =item *
 
-metadata($uri,$what,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount) : request a
+metadata($uri,$what,$toolsymb,$liburi,$prefix,$depthcount) : request a
 resource's metadata, $what should be either a specific key, or either
 'keys' (to get a list of possible keys) or 'packages' to get a list of
-packages that this resource currently uses, the last 3 arguments are only used internally for recursive metadata.
+packages that this resource currently uses, the last 3 arguments are 
+only used internally for recursive metadata.
+
+the toolsymb is only used where the uri is for an external tool (for which
+the uri as well as the symb are guaranteed to be unique).
 
 this function automatically caches all requests