--- loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm 2020/07/01 20:08:58 1.1423
+++ loncom/lonnet/perl/lonnet.pm 2021/01/05 04:23:46 1.1437
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# The LearningOnline Network
# TCP networking package
#
-# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1423 2020/07/01 20:08:58 raeburn Exp $
+# $Id: lonnet.pm,v 1.1437 2021/01/05 04:23:46 raeburn Exp $
#
# Copyright Michigan State University Board of Trustees
#
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ use Cache::Memcached;
use Digest::MD5;
use Math::Random;
use File::MMagic;
+use Net::CIDR;
use LONCAPA qw(:DEFAULT :match);
use LONCAPA::Configuration;
use LONCAPA::lonmetadata;
@@ -128,12 +129,13 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(%env);
$logid ++;
my $now = time();
my $id=$now.'00000'.$$.'00000'.$logid;
+ my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
my $logentry = {
$id => {
'exe_uname' => $env{'user.name'},
'exe_udom' => $env{'user.domain'},
'exe_time' => $now,
- 'exe_ip' => $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'},
+ 'exe_ip' => $ip,
'delflag' => $delflag,
'logentry' => $storehash,
'uname' => $uname,
@@ -1150,6 +1152,21 @@ sub check_for_balancer_cookie {
return ($otherserver,$cookie);
}
+sub updatebalcookie {
+ my ($cookie,$balancer,$lastentry)=@_;
+ if ($cookie =~ /^($match_domain)\_($match_username)\_[a-f0-9]{32}$/) {
+ my ($udom,$uname) = ($1,$2);
+ my $uprimary_id = &domain($udom,'primary');
+ my $uintdom = &internet_dom($uprimary_id);
+ my $intdom = &internet_dom($balancer);
+ my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($balancer);
+ if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
+ return &reply('updatebalcookie:'.&escape($cookie).':'.&escape($lastentry),$balancer);
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
sub delbalcookie {
my ($cookie,$balancer) =@_;
if ($cookie =~ /^($match_domain)\_($match_username)\_[a-f0-9]{32}$/) {
@@ -1159,7 +1176,7 @@ sub delbalcookie {
my $intdom = &internet_dom($balancer);
my $serverhomedom = &host_domain($balancer);
if (($uintdom ne '') && ($uintdom eq $intdom)) {
- return &reply("delbalcookie:$cookie",$balancer);
+ return &reply('delbalcookie:'.&escape($cookie),$balancer);
}
}
}
@@ -1646,7 +1663,7 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
if ($domneedscache) {
&do_cache_new('loadbalancing',$domneedscache,$is_balancer,$cachetime);
}
- if ($is_balancer) {
+ if (($is_balancer) && ($caller ne 'switchserver')) {
my $lowest_load = 30000;
if (ref($offloadto) eq 'HASH') {
if (ref($offloadto->{'primary'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
@@ -1686,9 +1703,9 @@ sub check_loadbalancing {
}
}
}
- unless ($homeintdom) {
- undef($setcookie);
- }
+ }
+ if (($is_balancer) && (!$homeintdom)) {
+ undef($setcookie);
}
return ($is_balancer,$otherserver,$setcookie,$offloadto,$dom_balancers);
}
@@ -2579,7 +2596,7 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
'coursedefaults','usersessions',
'requestauthor','selfenrollment',
'coursecategories','ssl','autoenroll',
- 'trust','helpsettings'],$domain);
+ 'trust','helpsettings','wafproxy'],$domain);
my @coursetypes = ('official','unofficial','community','textbook','placement');
if (ref($domconfig{'defaults'}) eq 'HASH') {
$domdefaults{'lang_def'} = $domconfig{'defaults'}{'lang_def'};
@@ -2739,6 +2756,13 @@ sub get_domain_defaults {
$domdefaults{'adhocroles'} = $domconfig{'helpsettings'}{'adhoc'};
}
}
+ if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}) eq 'HASH') {
+ foreach my $item ('ipheader','trusted','vpnint','vpnext') {
+ if ($domconfig{'wafproxy'}{$item}) {
+ $domdefaults{'waf_'.$item} = $domconfig{'wafproxy'}{$item};
+ }
+ }
+ }
&do_cache_new('domdefaults',$domain,\%domdefaults,$cachetime);
return %domdefaults;
}
@@ -4999,7 +5023,11 @@ sub courseacclog {
if ($formitem =~ /^HWFILE(?:SIZE|TOOBIG)/) {
$what.=':'.$formitem.'='.$env{$key};
} elsif ($formitem !~ /^HWFILE(?:[^.]+)$/) {
- $what.=':'.$formitem.'='.$env{$key};
+ if ($formitem eq 'proctorpassword') {
+ $what.=':'.$formitem.'=' . '*' x length($env{$key});
+ } else {
+ $what.=':'.$formitem.'='.$env{$key};
+ }
}
}
}
@@ -6081,7 +6109,7 @@ sub tmpreset {
if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
- $stuname=$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
}
my $path=LONCAPA::tempdir();
my %hash;
@@ -6118,7 +6146,7 @@ sub tmpstore {
if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
- $stuname=$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
}
my $now=time;
my %hash;
@@ -6162,7 +6190,7 @@ sub tmprestore {
if (!$domain) { $domain=$env{'user.domain'}; }
if (!$stuname) { $stuname=$env{'user.name'}; }
if ($domain eq 'public' && $stuname eq 'public') {
- $stuname=$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $stuname=&get_requestor_ip();
}
my %returnhash;
$namespace=~s/\//\_/g;
@@ -6218,7 +6246,7 @@ sub store {
}
if (!$home) { $home=$env{'user.home'}; }
- $$storehash{'ip'}=$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $$storehash{'ip'}=&get_requestor_ip();
$$storehash{'host'}=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
my $namevalue='';
@@ -6254,7 +6282,7 @@ sub cstore {
}
if (!$home) { $home=$env{'user.home'}; }
- $$storehash{'ip'}=$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $$storehash{'ip'}=&get_requestor_ip();
$$storehash{'host'}=$perlvar{'lonHostID'};
my $namevalue='';
@@ -7249,7 +7277,8 @@ sub putstore {
foreach my $key (keys(%{$storehash})) {
$namevalue.=&escape($key).'='.&freeze_escape($storehash->{$key}).'&';
}
- $namevalue .= 'ip='.&escape($ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}).
+ my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
+ $namevalue .= 'ip='.&escape($ip).
'&host='.&escape($perlvar{'lonHostID'}).
'&version='.$esc_v.
'&by='.&escape($env{'user.name'}.':'.$env{'user.domain'});
@@ -8036,7 +8065,7 @@ sub customaccess {
# ------------------------------------------------- Check for a user privilege
sub allowed {
- my ($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck)=@_;
+ my ($priv,$uri,$symb,$role,$clientip,$noblockcheck,$ignorecache)=@_;
my $ver_orguri=$uri;
$uri=&deversion($uri);
my $orguri=$uri;
@@ -8053,7 +8082,7 @@ sub allowed {
if (defined($env{'allowed.'.$priv})) { return $env{'allowed.'.$priv}; }
# Free bre access to adm and meta resources
- if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard|ext\.tool)$}))
+ if (((($uri=~/^adm\//) && ($uri !~ m{/(?:smppg|bulletinboard|viewclasslist|aboutme|ext\.tool)$}))
|| (($uri=~/\.meta$/) && ($uri!~m|^uploaded/|) ))
&& ($priv eq 'bre')) {
return 'F';
@@ -8267,7 +8296,7 @@ sub allowed {
} elsif ($noblockcheck) {
$thisallowed.=$value;
} else {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignorecache);
if (@blockers > 0) {
$thisallowed = 'B';
} else {
@@ -8290,7 +8319,7 @@ sub allowed {
} elsif ($noblockcheck) {
$thisallowed='F';
} else {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,'',$refuri,'',1);
if (@blockers > 0) {
$thisallowed = 'B';
} else {
@@ -8363,7 +8392,7 @@ sub allowed {
if ($noblockcheck) {
$thisallowed.=$value;
} else {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri);
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignorecache);
if (@blockers > 0) {
$thisallowed = 'B';
} else {
@@ -8376,7 +8405,7 @@ sub allowed {
$checkreferer=0;
}
}
-
+
if ($checkreferer) {
my $refuri=$env{'httpref.'.$orguri};
unless ($refuri) {
@@ -8408,7 +8437,7 @@ sub allowed {
} elsif ($noblockcheck) {
$thisallowed.=$value;
} else {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,$symb,$refuri);
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking($priv,'',$refuri,'',1);
if (@blockers > 0) {
$thisallowed = 'B';
} else {
@@ -8494,7 +8523,7 @@ sub allowed {
}
}
}
-
+
#
# Rest of the restrictions depend on selected course
#
@@ -8663,22 +8692,27 @@ sub constructaccess {
#
# User for whom data are being temporarily cached.
my $cacheduser='';
+# Course for which data are being temporarily cached.
+my $cachedcid='';
# Cached blockers for this user (a hash of blocking items).
my %cachedblockers=();
# When the data were last cached.
my $cachedlast='';
sub load_all_blockers {
- my ($uname,$udom,$blocks)=@_;
+ my ($uname,$udom)=@_;
if (($uname ne '') && ($udom ne '')) {
if (($cacheduser eq $uname.':'.$udom) &&
+ ($cachedcid eq $env{'request.course.id'}) &&
(abs($cachedlast-time)<5)) {
return;
}
}
$cachedlast=time;
$cacheduser=$uname.':'.$udom;
- %cachedblockers = &get_commblock_resources($blocks);
+ $cachedcid=$env{'request.course.id'};
+ %cachedblockers = &get_commblock_resources();
+ return;
}
sub get_comm_blocks {
@@ -8758,14 +8792,23 @@ sub get_commblock_resources {
if ($mapsymb) {
if (ref($navmap)) {
my $mapres = $navmap->getBySymb($mapsymb);
- @to_test = $mapres->retrieveResources($mapres,undef,0,0,0,1);
- foreach my $res (@to_test) {
- my $symb = $res->symb();
- next if ($symb eq $mapsymb);
- if ($symb ne '') {
- @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$symb);
- if ($interval[1] eq 'map') {
- last;
+ if (ref($mapres)) {
+ my $first = $mapres->map_start();
+ my $finish = $mapres->map_finish();
+ my $it = $navmap->getIterator($first,$finish,undef,0,0);
+ if (ref($it)) {
+ my $res;
+ while ($res = $it->next(undef,1)) {
+ next unless (ref($res));
+ my $symb = $res->symb();
+ next if (($symb eq $mapsymb) || ($symb eq ''));
+ @interval=&EXT("resource.0.interval",$symb);
+ if ($interval[1] eq 'map') {
+ if ($res->answerable()) {
+ push(@to_test,$res);
+ last;
+ }
+ }
}
}
}
@@ -8816,17 +8859,23 @@ sub get_commblock_resources {
}
sub has_comm_blocking {
- my ($priv,$symb,$uri,$blocks) = @_;
+ my ($priv,$symb,$uri,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck,$blocked,$blocks) = @_;
my @blockers;
return unless ($env{'request.course.id'});
return unless ($priv eq 'bre');
return if ($env{'user.priv.'.$env{'request.role'}} =~/evb\&([^\:]*)/);
return if ($env{'request.state'} eq 'construct');
- &load_all_blockers($env{'user.name'},$env{'user.domain'},$blocks);
- return unless (keys(%cachedblockers) > 0);
+ my %blockinfo;
+ if (ref($blocks) eq 'HASH') {
+ %blockinfo = &get_commblock_resources($blocks);
+ } else {
+ &load_all_blockers($env{'user.name'},$env{'user.domain'});
+ %blockinfo = %cachedblockers;
+ }
+ return unless (keys(%blockinfo) > 0);
my (%possibles,@symbs);
if (!$symb) {
- $symb = &symbread($uri,1,1,1,\%possibles);
+ $symb = &symbread($uri,1,1,1,\%possibles,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck);
}
if ($symb) {
@symbs = ($symb);
@@ -8837,34 +8886,38 @@ sub has_comm_blocking {
foreach my $symb (@symbs) {
last if ($noblock);
my ($map,$resid,$resurl)=&decode_symb($symb);
- foreach my $block (keys(%cachedblockers)) {
+ foreach my $block (keys(%blockinfo)) {
if ($block =~ /^firstaccess____(.+)$/) {
my $item = $1;
- if (($item eq $map) || ($item eq $symb)) {
- $noblock = 1;
- last;
+ unless ($blocked) {
+ if (($item eq $map) || ($item eq $symb)) {
+ $noblock = 1;
+ last;
+ }
}
}
- if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}) eq 'HASH') {
- if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
- if ($cachedblockers{$block}{'resources'}{$symb}) {
+ if (ref($blockinfo{$block}) eq 'HASH') {
+ if (ref($blockinfo{$block}{'resources'}) eq 'HASH') {
+ if ($blockinfo{$block}{'resources'}{$symb}) {
unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
push(@blockers,$block);
}
}
}
- }
- if (ref($cachedblockers{$block}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
- if ($cachedblockers{$block}{'maps'}{$map}) {
- unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
- push(@blockers,$block);
+ if (ref($blockinfo{$block}{'maps'}) eq 'HASH') {
+ if ($blockinfo{$block}{'maps'}{$map}) {
+ unless (grep(/^\Q$block\E$/,@blockers)) {
+ push(@blockers,$block);
+ }
}
}
}
}
}
- return if ($noblock);
- return @blockers;
+ unless ($noblock) {
+ return @blockers;
+ }
+ return;
}
}
@@ -10272,13 +10325,14 @@ sub modifyuserauth {
' in domain '.$env{'request.role.domain'});
my $reply=&reply('encrypt:changeuserauth:'.$udom.':'.$uname.':'.$umode.':'.
&escape($upass),$uhome);
+ my $ip = &get_requestor_ip();
&log($env{'user.domain'},$env{'user.name'},$env{'user.home'},
'Authentication changed for '.$udom.', '.$uname.', '.$umode.
- '(Remote '.$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}.'): '.$reply);
+ '(Remote '.$ip.'): '.$reply);
&log($udom,,$uname,$uhome,
'Authentication changed by '.$env{'user.domain'}.', '.
$env{'user.name'}.', '.$umode.
- '(Remote '.$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}.'): '.$reply);
+ '(Remote '.$ip.'): '.$reply);
unless ($reply eq 'ok') {
&logthis('Authentication mode error: '.$reply);
return 'error: '.$reply;
@@ -10804,7 +10858,7 @@ sub store_userdata {
if (($uhome eq '') || ($uhome eq 'no_host')) {
$result = 'error: no_host';
} else {
- $storehash->{'ip'} = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ $storehash->{'ip'} = &get_requestor_ip();
$storehash->{'host'} = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
my $namevalue='';
@@ -13292,19 +13346,22 @@ sub deversion {
# ------------------------------------------------------ Return symb list entry
sub symbread {
- my ($thisfn,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles)=@_;
+ my ($thisfn,$donotrecurse,$ignorecachednull,$checkforblock,$possibles,
+ $ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck)=@_;
my $cache_str='request.symbread.cached.'.$thisfn;
if (defined($env{$cache_str})) {
- if ($ignorecachednull) {
- return $env{$cache_str} unless ($env{$cache_str} eq '');
- } else {
- return $env{$cache_str};
+ unless (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
+ if ($ignorecachednull) {
+ return $env{$cache_str} unless ($env{$cache_str} eq '');
+ } else {
+ return $env{$cache_str};
+ }
}
}
# no filename provided? try from environment
unless ($thisfn) {
if ($env{'request.symb'}) {
- return $env{$cache_str}=&symbclean($env{'request.symb'});
+ return $env{$cache_str}=&symbclean($env{'request.symb'});
}
$thisfn=$env{'request.filename'};
}
@@ -13327,10 +13384,18 @@ sub symbread {
if ($targetfn =~ m|^adm/wrapper/(ext/.*)|) {
$targetfn=$1;
}
- if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'_symb.db',
- &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
- $syval=$hash{$targetfn};
- untie(%hash);
+ unless ($ignoresymbdb) {
+ if (tie(%hash,'GDBM_File',$env{'request.course.fn'}.'_symb.db',
+ &GDBM_READER(),0640)) {
+ $syval=$hash{$targetfn};
+ untie(%hash);
+ }
+ if ($syval && $checkforblock) {
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$thisfn,$ignoresymbdb,$noenccheck);
+ if (@blockers) {
+ $syval='';
+ }
+ }
}
# ---------------------------------------------------------- There was an entry
if ($syval) {
@@ -13363,13 +13428,18 @@ sub symbread {
$syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
$resid,$thisfn);
if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
- $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
+ unless ($bighash{'randomout_'.$ids} || $env{'request.role.adv'}) {
+ $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
+ }
}
if ($checkforblock) {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$bighash{'src_'.$ids});
- if (@blockers) {
- $syval = '';
- return;
+ unless ($bighash{'randomout_'.$ids} || $env{'request.role.adv'}) {
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$syval,$bighash{'src_'.$ids},'',$noenccheck);
+ if (@blockers) {
+ $syval = '';
+ untie(%bighash);
+ return $env{$cache_str}='';
+ }
}
}
} elsif ((!$donotrecurse) || ($checkforblock) || (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH')) {
@@ -13388,12 +13458,13 @@ sub symbread {
if ($bighash{'map_type_'.$mapid} ne 'page') {
my $poss_syval=&encode_symb($bighash{'map_id_'.$mapid},
$resid,$thisfn);
- if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
- $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
- }
+ next if ($bighash{'randomout_'.$id} && !$env{'request.role.adv'});
+ next unless (($noenccheck) || ($bighash{'encrypted_'.$id} eq $env{'request.enc'}));
if ($checkforblock) {
- my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$poss_syval,$file);
- unless (@blockers > 0) {
+ my @blockers = &has_comm_blocking('bre',$poss_syval,$file,'',$noenccheck);
+ if (@blockers > 0) {
+ $syval = '';
+ } else {
$syval = $poss_syval;
$realpossible++;
}
@@ -13401,6 +13472,11 @@ sub symbread {
$syval = $poss_syval;
$realpossible++;
}
+ if ($syval) {
+ if (ref($possibles) eq 'HASH') {
+ $possibles->{$syval} = 1;
+ }
+ }
}
}
}
@@ -14197,6 +14273,101 @@ sub uses_sts {
}
}
return;
+}
+
+sub get_requestor_ip {
+ my ($r,$nolookup,$noproxy) = @_;
+ my $from_ip;
+ if (ref($r)) {
+ $from_ip = $r->get_remote_host($nolookup);
+ } else {
+ $from_ip = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
+ }
+ return $from_ip if ($noproxy);
+ # Who controls proxy settings for server
+ my $dom_in_use = $Apache::lonnet::perlvar{'lonDefDomain'};
+ my $proxyinfo = &get_proxy_settings($dom_in_use);
+ if ((ref($proxyinfo) eq 'HASH') && ($from_ip)) {
+ if ($proxyinfo->{'vpnint'}) {
+ if (&ip_match($from_ip,$proxyinfo->{'vpnint'})) {
+ return $from_ip;
+ }
+ }
+ if ($proxyinfo->{'trusted'}) {
+ if (&ip_match($from_ip,$proxyinfo->{'trusted'})) {
+ my $ipheader = $proxyinfo->{'ipheader'};
+ my ($ip,$xfor);
+ if (ref($r)) {
+ if ($ipheader) {
+ $ip = $r->headers_in->{$ipheader};
+ }
+ $xfor = $r->headers_in->{'X-Forwarded-For'};
+ } else {
+ if ($ipheader) {
+ $ip = $ENV{'HTTP_'.uc($ipheader)};
+ }
+ $xfor = $ENV{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'};
+ }
+ if (($ip eq '') && ($xfor ne '')) {
+ foreach my $poss_ip (reverse(split(/\s*,\s*/,$xfor))) {
+ unless (&ip_match($poss_ip,$proxyinfo->{'trusted'})) {
+ $ip = $poss_ip;
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if ($ip ne '') {
+ return $ip;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return $from_ip;
+}
+
+sub get_proxy_settings {
+ my ($dom_in_use) = @_;
+ my %domdefaults = &Apache::lonnet::get_domain_defaults($dom_in_use);
+ my $proxyinfo = {
+ ipheader => $domdefaults{'waf_ipheader'},
+ trusted => $domdefaults{'waf_trusted'},
+ vpnint => $domdefaults{'waf_vpnint'},
+ vpnext => $domdefaults{'waf_vpnext'};
+ };
+ return $proxyinfo;
+}
+
+sub ip_match {
+ my ($ip,$pattern_str) = @_;
+ $ip=Net::CIDR::cidrvalidate($ip);
+ if ($ip) {
+ return Net::CIDR::cidrlookup($ip,split(/\s*,\s*/,$pattern_str));
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
+sub get_proxy_alias {
+ my $lonhost = $perlvar{'lonHostID'};
+ if ($lonhost ne '') {
+ my ($alias,$cached) = &is_cached_new('proxyalias',$lonhost);
+ if ($cached) {
+ return $alias;
+ }
+ my $dom = &Apache::lonnet::host_domain($lonhost);
+ if ($dom ne '') {
+ my $cachetime = 60*60*24;
+ my %domconfig =
+ &Apache::lonnet::get_dom('configuration',['wafproxy'],$dom);
+ my $alias;
+ if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}) eq 'HASH') {
+ if (ref($domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'alias'}) eq 'HASH') {
+ $alias = $domconfig{'wafproxy'}{'alias'}{$lonhost};
+ }
+ }
+ return &do_cache_new('proxyalias',$lonhost,$alias,$cachetime);
+ }
+ }
+ return;
}
# ------------------------------------------------------------- Declutters URLs