--- doc/build/ubuntu18LTS_install.frag	2018/06/20 12:37:53	1.1
+++ doc/build/ubuntu18LTS_install.frag	2022/03/26 19:00:51	1.7
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ DHCP is <em>not</em> supported.
 
 <h2>3. <a name="lin">Ubuntu 18.04 LTS installation</a></h2>
 <p>
-Installing Ubuntu Linux is easy.
+Installing Ubuntu Linux is straightforward.
 Documentation is available from
 <a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/</a>
 Most of the installation screens are self explanatory.
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ Use ufw to allow incoming traffic for th
 ssh, www, https
 </p>
 <pre>
+sudo apt-get install ufw
 sudo ufw default deny
 sudo ufw enable
 sudo ufw allow ssh
@@ -125,20 +126,40 @@ sudo apt-get upgrade
 <p>
 If kernel packages were updated, reboot your system before continuing with the installation.
 </p>
-<p>
-Add LON-CAPA ubuntu repository to your /etc/apt/sources.list file. 
-</p>
-<pre>
-sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
-sudo apt-add-repository 'deb http://install.loncapa.org/ubuntu bionic main'
-</pre>
 <h2>5. <a name="ilc">Installing LON-CAPA</a></h2>
 <h3>Import the LON-CAPA encryption key</h3>
 <pre>
 wget http://install.loncapa.org/versions/ubuntu/APT-GPG-KEY-loncapa.asc
-sudo apt-get install gpg
+sudo apt-get install add-apt-key gpg
 sudo apt-key add APT-GPG-KEY-loncapa.asc
-sudo apt-get update
+</pre>
+<h3>Add LON-CAPA ubuntu repository to /etc/apt/sources.list</h3>
+<p> Execute: </p>
+<pre>
+sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
+sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://install.loncapa.org/ubuntu bionic main'
+</pre>
+<p>
+You can display which repositories are currently enabled by using:
+</p>
+<pre>
+grep '^deb ' /etc/apt/sources.list |grep ' bionic '
+</pre>
+<p>The output should contain:</p>
+<pre>
+deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main
+deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
+deb http://install.loncapa.org/ubuntu bionic main
+</pre>
+<p>If the Ubuntu universe repository is absent it can be added using:</p>
+<pre>
+sudo add-apt-repository universe
+</pre>
+<p>If other Ubuntu repositories, e.g., restricted and multiverse are enabled, 
+you can disable them, as they are not needed to install LON-CAPA, by using:</p>
+<pre>
+sudo add-apt-repository --remove restricted
+sudo add-apt-repository --remove multiverse
 </pre>
 <h3>Install prerequisites</h3>
 <p> Execute: </p>
@@ -176,7 +197,6 @@ execute the setup script with the follow
 <pre>
 cd installation
 sudo ./install.pl
-
 </pre>
 <p>
 The script is used to prepare a Linux system to run LON-CAPA, and can also be
@@ -246,12 +266,11 @@ for it to function at all.  Below is a l
 
 <h3>Configuring LON-CAPA</h3>
 <p>
-To configure and install LON-CAPA, become root and execute the following commands:
+To configure and install LON-CAPA, execute the following commands:
 </p>
 <pre>
-sudo -i
-cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z     (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.12.0')
-./UPDATE
+cd ../loncapa-X.Y.Z  (X.Y.Z should correspond to a version number like '2.11.3')
+sudo ./UPDATE
 </pre>
 <p>
 You will need to enter the LON-CAPA configuration information you determined 
@@ -267,18 +286,19 @@ invoked below requires that you enter th
 Replace USERNAME and DOMAIN with an appropriate username and your domain.
 </p>
 <pre>
-cd /root/loncapa-X.Y.Z/loncom/build
+cd loncom/build
 sudo perl make_domain_coordinator.pl USERNAME DOMAIN
+cd
 </pre>
 
 <h2>7. <a name="sts">Start/Restart Services</a></h2>
 <p>
 The LON-CAPA network services take a moment to start.  Most misconfigurations
-will be apparent at this step. Lastly, exit from root status to resume use of your regular account.
+will be apparent at this step.
 </p>
 <pre>
-/etc/init.d/loncontrol start
-/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
+sudo /home/httpd/perl/loncontrol start
+sudo systemctl restart apache2
 exit
 </pre>
 <p>