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HTML version of GUTS manual. Individual files will still need cleanup.

<html> <head> <meta name=Title content="Session One: Problem Engine/Special Targets (grade, edit, print) (Guy)"> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=macintosh"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="Session%20On2_files/editdata.mso"> <title>Session One: Problem Engine/Special Targets (grade, edit, print) (Guy)</title> <style> </style> </head> <body bgcolor=#FFFFFF link=blue vlink=purple class="Normal" lang=EN-US> <div class=Section1> <h2>Session One: Problem Engine/Special Targets (grade, edit, print) (Guy)</h2> <h3><a name="_Toc421867127">Tags</a></h3> <ul type=disc> <li>Response tags </li> </ul> Arguments for all response tags <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li>ID, if this isn't set it will be set during the publication step. It is used to assign parameters names in a way that can be tracked if an instructor modifies things by hand. </li> <li>name optional, if set, it will be used by the resource assembly tool when one is modifying parameters. </li> </ul> </ul> Implemented response tags <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><responseparam> if it appears it should be inside of a <*response> tag, defines an externally adjustable parameter for this question. Arguments: </li> <ul type=square> <li>default required, specifies a default value for the parameter </li> <li>name required, specifies an internal name for the parameter </li> <li>type required specifies the type of parameter, one of "tolerance", "int", "float", "string", "date" (configuration of paramters is handled by lonparmset.pm and parameter.html) </li> <li>description a string describing the parameter, this is what is used to talk about a parameter outside of a problem </li> </ul> <li><parameter> exactly the same as <responseparam> currently, but should not appear inside of a <*response> </li> <li><numericalresponse> implements a numerical answer, it needs an internal <textline> for the response to go in. It checks all styles of numerical supported in CAPA. Possible args are: </li> <ul type=square> <li>answer required, specifies the correct answer, may be either a perl list or scalar</li> <li>units optional, specifies unit of correct answer, CAPA style</li> </ul> <li><stringresponse> implements a string answer, it needs an internal <textline> for the response to go in. It can check the string for either case or order. </li> <ul type=square> <li>answer required, specifies the correct answer, may be either a perl list or scalar</li> <li>type optional, CAPA style str args, cs/ci/mc </li> <ul type=square> <li>cs - case senesitive, order important</li> <li>ci - case insenesitive, order important</li> <li>mc - case insenesitive, order unimportant</li> </ul> </ul> <li><essayresponse> implements a ungraded large text response, it need an internal <textarea> for the response to go in. </li> <li><imageresponse> implements a image click style image submission, uses the foil structure tags <a href="#foil">below</a>. Additional tags that should appear in a <foil> are: </li> <ul type=square> <li><image> required, the contained text specifies a published graphical resource that is the image used, should only appear once per foil</li> <li><rectangle> required, the contained text specifies a rectangular area that is correct, should look like (1,2)-(3,4), at least 1 required</li> <li><text> required, the contained text is printed on top of the image.</li> </ul> <li><optionresponse> implements a "select from these choices" style question, the choices are specified by the instructor, it uses the foil structure tags <a href="#foil">below</a> with this additional args: </li> <ul type=square> <li><foilgroup> is required to have options which should be a perl list of possible options for the student. </li> </ul> <li><radiobuttonresponse> implements a true / false style question with 1 correct answer.it uses the foil structure tags <a href="#foil">below</a> but the value of a <foil>can only be "true" or "false" or "unused" </li> <li><dataresponse> implements a straight data storage entry idea, needs and interveing input tag like <textline> to work correctly. Arguments: </li> <ul type=square> <li>name internal name for the value, it will have the part id and respose id added on to it </li> <li>type type of data stored in this response field, should be one of the types supported by parameter.html </li> <li>display a string that will be used to describe the field when interfacing with humans </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> o      <externalresponse> implements the ability to have an external program grade a response, expects either a <textline> or <textfield> inside the tag. Arguments: <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <ul type=square> <li>url the url to submit the answer and form to, does not need to be a LON-CAPA machine. </li> <li>answer a string or scalar variable that can encode something that should encode the correct answer, in some cases this may be nothing. </li> <li>form a hash variable name that will be submitted to the remote site as a HTTP form. </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> The response of the remote server needs to be in XML as follows. <pre> <loncapagrade>     <awardetail> CORRECT     </awardetail>     <message> A message to be shown to the students     </message> </loncapagrade>            </pre> <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <ul type=square> <li><loncapagrade> no arguments but must surround the response. </li> <li><awardetail> required inner tag, the response inside must be one of the detailed responses that appears in the data storage documentation (CVS:loncapa/doce/homework/datastorage) </li> <li><message> optional message to have shown to the student </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> <ul type=disc> <li><a name=foil>Foil Structure Tags</a> </li> </ul> All tags that implement a foil structure have an optional arg of max that controls the maximum number of total foils to show. <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><foilgroup> required, must be the tag that surrounds all foil definitions </li> <li><foil> required, all data inside is a possible foil </li> <li><conceptgroup> optional, surrounds a collection of <foil>, when a problem is displayed only one of the contained <foil>is selected for display. It receives one required argument concept. </li> </ul> <li>Hint structure </li> </ul> All of these tags must appear inside a <*response> tag. <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><hintgroup> Tag that surrounds all of a hint. </li> <li><hintpart> required, Tag to implement conditional hints. It has a required argument on. When a <*hint> tag named the same as the value the on attribute evaluates to be correct the <hintpart> will show. If no other <hintpart> are to show then all hintparts with a on of "default" will show </li> <li><numericalhint> has all the arguments that <numericalresponse>, does and the required attribute name which should be set to the value of which <hintpart> will be shown. </li> </ul> <li>Input Tags </li> </ul> This group of tags implement a mechanism for getting data for students, they will usually be used by a <*response>. <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><textarea> creates a Large text input box, If data appears between the start and end tags, the data will appear i the textarea if the student has not yet made a submission. Additionally it takes two arguments rows and cols which control the height and width of the area respectively. It defaults to 10 and 80. </li> <li><textline> creates a single line of input element, it accepts 1 argument size which controls the width on the textline, it defaults to 20. </li> </ul> <li>Output Tags </li> </ul> This group of tags generate useful pieces of output. <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><standalone> everything in between the start and end tag is shown only on the web, and only if the resource is not part of a course. </li> <li><displayduedate> this will insert the current duedate if one is set into the document. It is generated to be inside a table of 1x1 elements </li> <li><displaytitle> this will insert the title of the problem from the metadata of the problem </li> <li><window> the text in between is put in a popup javascript window </li> <li><m> the inside text is LaTeX, and is converted to HTML (or MathML) on the fly, if the argument eval is set to "on" the intervening text will have a perl var expansion done to it before being converted. </li> <li><randomlabel> shows a specified image with images or text labels randomly assigned to a set of specific locations, those locations may also have values assigned to them. There is a hash generated conating the mapping of labels to locations, labels to values, and locations to values. Example: </li> </ul> </ul> <pre>  <randomlabel bgimg="URL" width="12" height="45" texwidth="50">     <labelgroup name="GroupOne" type="image">       <location x="123" y="456" value="10" />       <location x="321" y="654" value="20" />       <location x="213" y="546" value="13" />       <label description="TEXT-1">IMG-URL</label>       <label description="TEXT-2">IMG-URL</label>       <label description="TEXT-3">IMG-URL</label>     </labelgroup>     <labelgroup name="GroupTwo" type="text">       <location x="12" y="45" />       <location x="32" y="65" />       <location x="21" y="54" />       <label>TEXT-1</label>       <label>TEXT-2</label>       <label>TEXT-3</label>     </labelgroup>    </randomlabel>         </pre> Arguments: <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <ul type=square> <li>bgimg either a fully qualified URL for an external image, or a loncapa resource, it supports relative references (../images/apicture.gif), the image must either be a GIF or JPEG </li> <li>width the width of the image in pixels </li> <li>height the height of the image in pixels </li> <li>texwidth the width of the image in millimeters </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Internal tags: <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <ul type=square> <li><labelgroup> 1 required, multiple allowed. Declares a group of locations and labels associated with them. Arguments: </li> <ul type=square> <li>name this is the name of the group, a hash with this name will be generated holding the mappings for later use in the problem. For each location a value will be set for which label is there, (EX. $hash{'1'}="TEXT-2"). For locations with values the hash will contain 2 items, a location to value mapping ($hash{'value_1'}=10), and a label to value mapping ($hash{'labelvalue_2'}=10). For all image style of labels there will also be a label description to label URL mapping ($hash{'image_2'}=IMG-URL). Also the entry 'numlocations will be set to the total number of locations that exist. (Note that locations and labels start counting from 1.) </li> <li>type the type of labels in this group, either 'image' or 'text' </li> </ul> <li><location> declares a location on the image that a label should appear at Arguments: </li> <ul type=square> <li>x the x value of the location in pixels </li> <li>y the y value of the location in pixels </li> <li>value a scalar value to associate at this location (optional) </li> </ul> <li><label> declaration of a label, if this is a text type labelgroup the internal text should be the text of the label (HTML is not currently supported), if this is an image type of label the internal text must be a LON-CAPA resource specification, and the description filed must be set. Arguments: </li> <ul type=square> <li>description a required field for image labels, it will be used when setting values in the hash. </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> <li>Scripting </li> </ul> These tags allow the document to behave programatically <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><display> the intervening perl script is evaluated in the safe space and the return value of the script replaces the entire tag </li> <li><import> causes the parse to read in the file named in the body of the tag and parse it as if the entire text of the file had existed at location of the tag </li> <li><parserlib> the enclosed filename contains definitions for new tags </li> <li><script> if the argument type is set to "loncapa/perl" the enclosed data is a perl script which is evaluated inside the perl Safe space. The return value of the script is ignored. </li> <li><scriptlib> the enclosed filename contains perl code to run in the safe space </li> <li><block> has a required argument condition that is evaluated, it the condition is true everything inside the tag is evaluated, if it is false everything inside the block tag is skipped </li> <li><notsolved> everything inside the tag is skipped if the problem is "solved" </li> <li><postanswerdate> everything inside the tag is skipped if the problem is before the answer date </li> <li><preduedate> everything inside the tag is skipped if the problem is after the due date </li> <li><randomlist> the enclosed tags are parsed in a stable random order, optional argument show restricts the number of tags indie that are actually parsed the no more than show. </li> <li><solved> everything inside the tag is skipped if the problem is "not solved" </li> <li><while> implements a while loop, required argument condition is a perl scriptlet that when evaluated results in a true or false value, on true the entirety of the text between the whiles is parsed. The condition is tested again, etc. If false it goes to the next node in the parse. </li> </ul> <li>Structure Tags </li> </ul> These tags give the problem a structure and take care of the recording of data and giving the student messages. <ul type=disc> <ul type=circle> <li><problem> must be the first tag in the file, this tag sets up the header of the webpage and generates the submit buttons, it also handles due dates properly </li> <li><part> must be below <problem> if it is going to be used. It does many of the same tasks as <problem> but allows multiple separate problems to exist in a single file. </li> <li><startouttext><endouttext> these tags are somewhat special, they must have no internal text and occur in pairs. Their use is to mark up the problem so the web editor knows what sections should be edited in a plain text block on the web. </li> </ul> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc421867128"><script> Functions</a></h3> A list of functions that have been written that are available in the Safe space scripting environment inside a problem. <ul type=disc> <li>sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</li> <li>asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x)</li> <li>log(x), log10(x)</li> <li>exp(), pow(x,y), sqrt(x)</li> <li>abs(x), sgn(x)</li> <li>erf(x), erfc(x)</li> <li>ceil(x), floor(x)</li> <li>min(...), max(...)</li> <li>factorial(n)</li> <li>N%M</li> <li>sinh(x), cosh(x), tanh(x)</li> <li>asinh(x), acosh(x), atanh(x)</li> <li>roundto(x,n)</li> <li>web("a","b","c") or web(a,b,c)</li> <li>html("a") or html(a)</li> <li>j0(x), j1(x), jn(n,x), jv(y,x)</li> <li>y0(x), y1(x), yn(n,x), yv(y,x)</li> <li>random</li> <li>choose</li> <li>tex("a","b") or tex(a,b)</li> <li>var_in_tex(a)</li> <li>to_string(x), to_string(x,y)</li> <li>class(), section()</li> <li>name(), student_number()</li> <li>open_date(), due_date(), answer_date()</li> <li>sub_string()</li> <li>array_moments(array)</li> <li>format(x,y),prettyprint(x,y)</li> <li>map(...)</li> <li>caparesponse_check</li> <li>caparesponse_check_list</li> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc421867129">Detailed descriptions of each function and comparison with CAPA</a></h3> <table border=1 cellpadding=0> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> CAPA Functions</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> LON-CAPA</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Descriptions</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Differences (if any)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &sin($x), &cos($x), &tan($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Trigonometric functions where x is in radians. $x can be a pure number, i.e., you can call &sin(3.1415)</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &asin($x), &acos($x), &atan($x), &atan2($y,$x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Inverse trigonometric functions. Return value is in radians. For asin and acos the value of x must be between -1 and 1. The atan2 returns a value between -pi and pi the sign of which is determined by y. $x and $y can be pure numbers</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> log(x), log10(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &log($x), &log10($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Natural and base-10 logarithm. $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> exp(x), pow(x,y), sqrt(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &exp($x), &pow($x,$y), &sqrt($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Exponential, power and square root, i.e.,ex, xy and /x. $x and $y can be pure numbers</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> abs(x), sgn(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &abs($x), &sgn($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Abs takes the absolute value of x while sgn(x) returns 1, 0 or -1 depending on the value of x. For x>0, sgn(x) = 1, for x=0, sgn(x) = 0 and for x<0, sgn(x) = -1. $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> erf(x), erfc(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &erf($x), &erfc($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Error function.  erf = 2/sqrt(pi) integral (0,x) et-sq and erfx(x) = 1.0 - erf(x).  $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> ceil(x), floor(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &ceil($x), &floor($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Ceil function returns an integer rounded up whereas floor function returns and integer rounded down. If x is an integer than it returns the value of the integer. $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> min(...), max(...)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &min(...), &max(...)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns the minimum/ maximum value of a list of arguments if the arguments are numbers. If the arguments are strings then it returns a string sorted according to the ASCII codes</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> factorial(n)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &factorial($n)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Argument (n) must be an integer else it will round down. The largest value for n is 170. $n can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> N%M</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> $N%$M</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> N and M are integers and returns the remainder (in integer) of N/M. $N and $M can be pure numbers</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> sinh(x), cosh(x), tanh(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &sinh($x), &cosh($x), &tanh($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> asinh(x), acosh(x), atanh(x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &asinh($x), &acosh($x), &atanh($x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Inverse hyperbolic functions. $x can be a pure number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> /DIS($x,"nn")</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &format($x,"nn")</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Display or format $x as nn where nn is nF or nE and n is an integer.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  The difference is obvious.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> Not in CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &prettyprint($x,"nn")</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Display or format $x as nn where nn is nF or nE and n is an integer. In E mode it will attempt to generate a pretty x10^3 rather than a E3 following the number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> roundto(x,n)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &roundto($x,$n)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Rounds a real number to n decimal points. $x and $n can be pure numbers</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> web("a","b","c") or web(a,b,c)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &web("a","b","c") or &web($a,$b,$c)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns either a, b or c depending on the output medium. a is for plain ASCII, b for tex output and c for html output</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> html("a") or html(a)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &html("a") or &html($a)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Output only if the output mode chosen is in html format</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> jn(m,x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &j0($x), &j1($x), &jn($m,$x), &jv($y,$x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Bessel functions of the first kind with orders 0, 1 and m respectively. For jn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for jv(y,x), y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and can be a pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, j0, j1 and jn are contained in one function, jn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. jv(y,x) is new to LON-CAPA.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> yn(m,x)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &y0($x), &y1($x), &yn($m,$x), &yv($y,$x)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Bessel functions of the second kind with orders 0, 1 and m respectively. For yn(m,x), m must be an integer whereas for yv(y,x), y is real. $x can be a pure number. $m must be an integer and can be a pure integer number. $y can be a pure real number</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, y0, y1 and yn are contained in one function, yn(m,x) where m takes the value of 0, 1 or 2. yv(y,x) is new to LON-CAPA.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random(l,u,d)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &random($l,$u,$d)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns a uniformly distributed random number between the lower bound, l and upper bound, u in steps of d. $l, $u and $d can be pure numbers</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, all the 3 arguments must be of the same type. However, now you can mix the type</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> choose(i,...)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &choose($i,...)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Choose the ith item from the argument list. i must be an integer greater than 0 and the value of i should not exceed the number of items. $i can be a pure integer</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> /MAP(seed;w,x,y,z;a,b,c,d)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> Option 1 - &map($seed,[\$w,\$x,\$y,\$z],[$a,$b,$c,$d]) or Option 2 - &map($seed,\@mappedArray,[$a,$b,$c,$d]) Option 3 - @mappedArray = &map($seed,[$a,$b,$c,$d]) Option 4 - ($w,$x,$y,$z) = &map($seed,\@a) where $a='A' $b='B' $c='B' $d='B' $w, $x, $y, and $z are variables</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Assigns to the variables $w, $x, $y and $z the values of the $a, $b, $c and $c (A, B, C and D). The precise value for $w .. depends on the seed. (Option 1 of calling map). In option 2, the values of $a, $b .. are mapped into the array, @mappedArray. The two options illustrate the different grouping. Options 3 and 4 give a consistent way (with other functions) of mapping the items. For each option, the group can be passed as an array, for example, [$a,$b,$c,$d] => \@a.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, the arguments are divided into three groups separated by a semicolon ;. In LON-CAPA, the separation is done by using [] brackets or using an array @a. Note the backslash (\) before the arguments in the second and third groups.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> rmap(seed;a,b,c,d;w,x,y,z)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> Option 1 - &rmap($seed,[\$w,\$x,\$y,\$z],[$a,$b,$c,$d]) or Option 2 - &rmap($seed,\@rmappedArray,[$a,$b,$c,$d]) Option 3 - @rmapped_array = &rmap($seed,[$a,$b,$c,$d]) Option 4 - ($w,$x,$y,$z) = &rmap($seed,\@a) where $a='A' $b='B' $c='B' $d='B' $w, $x, $y, and $z are variables</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> The rmap functions does the reverse action of map if the same seed is used in calling map and rmap. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, the arguments are divided into three groups separated by a semicolon ;. In LON-CAPA, the separation is done by using [] brackets (with create an unamed vector reference) or using an array @a. Note the backslash (\) before the arguments in the second and third groups (Which cause Perl to send to variable locations rather than the variable values, similar to a C pointer).</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> $a=&xmlparse($string) </td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Runs the internal parser over the argument parsing for display. Warning This will result in different strings in different targets. Don't use the results of this function as an answer.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> tex(a,b), tex("a","b")</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &tex($a,$b), &tex("a","b")</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns a if the output mode is in tex otherwise returns b</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> var_in_tex(a)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &var_in_tex($a)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Equivalent to tex("a","")</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> to_string(x), to_string(x,y)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &to_string($x), &to_string($x,$y)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> If x is an integer, returns a string. If x is real than the output is a string with format given by y. For example, if x = 12.3456, &to_string(x,".3F") = 12.345 and &to_string(x,".3E") = 1.234E+01.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> capa_id(), class(), section(), set(), problem()</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &class(), &section()</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns null string, class descriptive name, section number, set number and null string.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> capa_id(), set() and problem() are no longer used. Currently, they return a null value.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> name(), student_number()</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &name(), &student_number()</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Return the full name in the following format: lastname, firstname initial. Student_number returns the student 9-alphanumeric string. If undefined, the functions return null.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> open_date(), due_date(), answer_date()</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &open_date(), &due_date(), &answer_date()</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Problem open date, due date and answer date. The time is also included in 24-hr format.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Output format for time is changed slightly. If pass noon, it displays ..pm else it displays ..am. So 23:59 is displayed as 11:59 pm.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> get_seed(), set_seed()</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> Not implemented</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Get and set the random seed.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal">  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> sub_string(a,b,c)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &sub_string($a,$b,$c) perl  substr function. However, note the differences</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Retrieve a portion of string a starting from b and length c. For example,  $a = "Welcome to LON-CAPA"; $result=&sub_string($a,4,4); then $result is "come"</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Perl intrinsic function, substr(string,b,c) starts counting from 0 (as opposed to 1). In the example to the left, substr($a,4,4) returns "ome ".</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> array[xx]</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @arrayname Array is intrinsic in perl. To access a specific element use $arrayname[$n] where $n is the $n+1 element since the array count starts from 0</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> "xx" can be a variable or a calculation.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In LON-CAPA, an array is defined by @arrayname. It is not necessary to specify the dimension of the array. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> array_moments(B,A)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @B=&array_moments(@A)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Evaluates the moments of an array A and place the result in array B[i] where i = 0 to 4. The contents of B are as follows: B[0] = number of elements, B[1] = mean, B[2] = variance, B[3] = skewness and B[4] = kurtosis.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA, the moments are passed as an array in the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA, the array containing the moments are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> array_max(Name), array_min(Name)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> &min(@Name), &max(@Name)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> In LON-CAPA to find the maximum value of an array, use &max(@arrayname)  and to find the minimum value of an array, use &min(@arrayname)</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Combined with the min and max functions defined earlier.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> init_array(Name)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> undef @name</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> To destroy the contents of an array, use</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Use perl intrinsic undef function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_normal (return_array,item_cnt,seed,av,std_dev)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_normal ($item_cnt,$seed,$av,$std_dev)</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of normal distribution of average $av and standard deviation $std_dev. The distribution is generated from seed $seed</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_beta (return_array,item_cnt,seed,aa,bb)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_beta ($item_cnt,$seed,$aa,$bb) NOTE: Both $aa and $bb MUST be greater than 1.0E-37.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of beta distribution. The density of beta is: X^($aa-1) *(1-X)^($bb-1) /B($aa,$bb) for 0<X<1.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_gamma (return_array,item_cnt,seed,a,r)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_gamma ($item_cnt,$seed,$a,$r) NOTE: Both $a and $r MUST be positive.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of gamma distribution. The density of gamma is: ($a**$r)/gamma($r) * X**($r-1) * exp(-$a*X).</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_exponential (return_array,item_cnt,seed,av)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_exponential ($item_cnt,$seed,$av) NOTE: $av MUST be non-negative.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of exponential distribution. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_poisson (return_array,item_cnt,seed,mu)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_poisson ($item_cnt,$seed,$mu) NOTE: $mu MUST be non-negative.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of poisson distribution. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_chi (return_array,item_cnt,seed,df)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_chi ($item_cnt,$seed,$df) NOTE: $df MUST be positive.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of chi_square distribution with $df degrees of freedom. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> random_noncentral_chi (return_array,item_cnt,seed,df,nonc)</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_noncentral_chi ($item_cnt,$seed,$df,$nonc) NOTE: $df MUST be at least 1 and $nonc MUST be non-negative.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of noncentral_chi_square distribution with $df degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter $nonc. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> In CAPA the results are passed as the first argument whereas in LON-CAPA the results are set equal to the function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_f ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd) NOTE: Both $dfn and $dfd MUST be positive.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of F (variance ratio) distribution with degrees of freedom $dfn (numerator) and $dfd (denominator). </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_noncentral_f ($item_cnt,$seed,$dfn,$dfd,$nonc) NOTE: $dfn must be at least 1, $dfd MUST be positive, and $nonc must be non-negative.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of noncentral F (variance ratio) distribution with degrees of freedom $dfn (numerator) and $dfd (denominator). $nonc is the noncentrality parameter. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT DOCUMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_multivariate_normal ($item_cnt,$seed,\@mean,\@covar) NOTE: @mean should be of length p array of real numbers. @covar should be a length p array of references to length p arrays of real numbers (i.e. a p by p matrix.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates of multivariate_normal distribution with mean vector @mean and variance-covariance matrix. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> Note the backslash before the @mean and @covar arrays.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_multinomial ($item_cnt,$seed,@p) NOTE: $item_cnt is rounded with int() and the result must be non-negative. The number of elements in @p must be at least 2.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns single observation from multinomial distribution with $item_cnt events classified into as many categories as the length of @p. The probability of an event being classified into category i is given by ith element of @p. The observation is an array with length equal to @p, so when called in a scalar context it returns the length of @p. The sum of the elements of the obervation is equal to $item_cnt.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_permutation ($item_cnt,@array) </td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Returns @array randomly permuted.</td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_uniform ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) NOTE: $low must be less than or equal to $high.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates from a uniform distribution. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_uniform_integer ($item_cnt,$seed,$low,$high) NOTE: $low and $high are both passed through int(). $low must be less than or equal to $high.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates from a uniform distribution in integers. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_binomial ($item_cnt,$seed,$nt,$p) NOTE: $nt is rounded using int() and the result must be non-negative. $p must be between 0 and 1 inclusive.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate $item_cnt deviates from the binomial distribution with $nt trials and the probabilty of an event in each trial is $p. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=131 valign=top class="Normal"> NOT IMPLEMENTED IN CAPA</td> <td width=134 valign=top class="Normal"> @return_array=&random_negative_binomial ($item_cnt,$seed,$ne,$p) NOTE: $ne is rounded using int() and the result must be positive. $p must be between 0 and 1 exclusive.</td> <td width=147 valign=top class="Normal"> Generate an array of $item_cnt outcomes generated from negative binomial distribution with $ne events and the probabilty of an event in each trial is $p. </td> <td width=101 valign=top class="Normal"> New to LON-CAPA</td> </tr> </table> <h3><a name="_Toc421867130"><script> Variables</a></h3> <ul type=disc> <li>$external::target - set to the current target the xml parser is parsing for </li> <li>$external::part - set to the id of the current problem <part>; zero if there are no <part> </li> <li>$external::gradestatus - set to the value of the current resource.partid.solved value </li> <li>$external::datestatus - set to the current status of the clock either CLOSED, CAN_ANSWER, CANNOT_ANSWER, SHOW_ANSWER, or UNCHECKEDOUT </li> <li>$external::randomseed - set to the number that was used to seed the random number generator </li> <li>$pi - set to PI </li> <li>$rad2deg - converts radians to degrees </li> <li>$deg2rad - converts degrees to radians </li> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc421867131">Form internals</a> </h3> Form elements used for homework editing/response the form is named lonhomework <h3><a name="_Toc421867132">Viewing a problem (either CSTR or RES space)</a></h3> <ul type=disc> <li>grade_target, grade_username, grade_domain, grade_symb - the vaules take precedence over the the normal ENV settings of these, use &Apache::lonxml::whichuser() to get back the correct vaues of the items </li> <li>HWVAL_response:number - the name of the input elements for each response. The response is the response's ID, and the :number part exists only for response with multiple foils, and is a unique number in order of the submission </li> <li>changerandseed - the 'Change' button, only exists right after the Change button is clicked </li> <li>problemmode - in CSTR, it is either 'View','Edit','EditXML' or 'Analyze' depending on the desired view </li> <li>rndseed - the currently requested random seed </li> <li>showallfoils - if it exists, and we are in CSTR space, the problem should ignore <conceptgroup> and the response's max setting and show all possible foils </li> <li>submit - the name of the Submit button </li> <li>submitted - a hidden form parameter that can be used to tell if the student has submitted answers or not, if it is set, there should be answers to grade. </li> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc421867133">Editing a problem (Edit mode)</a></h3> tagdepth referes to the current value of the xmlparsers tagdepth couter ($Apache::lonxml::currentdepth) Note: the file edit.pm has many helper functions for creating the standard elements for editing a tag and it's attributes, all of those functions follow these conventions <ul type=disc> <li>tagdepth_argname - I.E. 1_3.max, a parameter editing value, max is the name of the parameter and it is for the third tag inside the first tag </li> <li>delete_tagdepth - if set to yes, delete tag tagdepth and all tags inside of it </li> <li>homework_edit_tagdepth - used by both &Apache::edit::editline and &Apache::edit::editfield for the <textarea> and <input> form elements they create </li> <li>insert_tagdepth - used to request an tag insert, it is set to the id number of the requested tag in the %Apache::lonxml::insertlist </li> </ul> <ul type=disc> <li>   </li> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc421867134">Symbs</a></h3> To identify a specific instance of a resource, LON-CAPA uses symbols or �symbs.� These identifiers are built from the URL of the map, the resource number of the resource in the map, and the URL of the resource itself. The latter is somewhat redundant, but might help if maps change. An example is  msu/korte/parts/part1.sequence___19___msu/korte/tests/part12.problem The respective map entry is  <resource id="19" src="/res/msu/korte/tests/part12.problem"       title="Problem 2">  </resource> Symbs are used by the random number generator, as well as to store and restore data specific to a certain instance of for example a problem. <h3><a name="_Toc421867135">Store / Restore</a></h3> 2 important functions in lonnet.pm are &Apache::lonnet::cstore() and &Apache::lonnet:restore() (and &Apache::lonnet::store(), which is is the non-critical message twin of cstore). These functions are for handlers to store a perl hash to a user�s permanent data space in an easy manner, and to retrieve it again on another call. It is expected that a handler would use this once at the beginning to retrieve data, and then again once at the end to send only the new data back. The data is stored in the user�s data directory on the user�s homeserver under the ID of the course. The hash that is returned by restore will have all of the previous value for all of the elements of the hash. Example: #creating a hash my %hash; $hash{'foo'}='bar'; #storing it &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%hash); #changing a value $hash{'foo'}='notbar'; #adding a new value $hash{'bar'}='foo'; &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%hash); #retrieving the hash my %history=&Apache::lonnet::restore(); #print the hash foreach my $key (sort(keys(%history))) {     print("\%history{$key} = $history{$key}"); } Will print out: %history{1:foo} = bar %history{1:keys} = foo:timestamp %history{1:timestamp} = 990455579 %history{2:bar} = foo %history{2:foo} = notbar %history{2:keys} = foo:bar:timestamp %history{2:timestamp} = 990455580 %history{bar} = foo %history{foo} = notbar %history{timestamp} = 990455580 %history{version} = 2 Note that the special hash entries keys, version and timestamp were added to the hash. version will be equal to the total number of versions of the data that have been stored. The timestamp attribute will be the UNIX time the hash was stored. keys is available in every historical section to list which keys were added or changed at a specific historical revision of a hash. Warning do not store the hash that restore returns directly. This will cause a mess since it will restore the historical keys as if the were new keys. I.E. 1:foo will become 1:1:foo etc. Calling convention:   my %record=&Apache::lonnet::restore($symb,$courseid,$domain,$uname,$home);   &Apache::lonnet::cstore(\%newrecord,$symb,$courseid,$domain,$uname,$home); Arguments (only %newrecord is required the rest are somewhat optional, read the details): �      $symb - a string containing the internal name of the specific instance of a resource. Usually this value can be gotten from &Apache::lonnet::symbread($filename). If the argument is blank, it will attempt to use symbread() for it. If the result is ambiguous store/restore will fail. �      $courseid - the internal name for a course, usually found in $ENV{'request.course.id'} which is what will be looked at if no value is passed to the functions. �      $domain - the domain that the user belongs to, usually found in $ENV{'user.domain'} which is what will be looked at if no value is passed to the functions. �      $uname - the login name for the user, usually found in $ENV{'user.name'} which is what will be looked at if no value is passed to the functions. �      $home - the homeserver for the user, usually found in $ENV{'user.home'} but can be easily gotten from a domain and name through &Apache::lonnet::homeserver($uname,$domain). If no value is passed to store/restore the value in %ENV will be used. �      %newrecord - the hash to store being passed by reference Return values: �      an empty string - the function was unable to determine exactly where to store or restore from. At least one of the "optional" arguments was unable to be determined. �      a hash - restore successfully read a old hash for this specific user / resource instance. �      no_such_host - the $home specfied desn't exist in the network. �      con_delayed - the $home was uncontactable at this time. The store will be delayed until it is again available. �      con_failed - the $home was uncontactable at this time and store was unable to delay the store until a later time. The store failed. �      ok - the store completed succesfully �      error: - remote server failied to store or restore the reason follows the : <h3><a name="_Toc421867136">Mandatory Homework Data</a></h3> <pre> </pre> <pre><Provided by &EXT() and set external to the resource, required></pre> <pre>resource.partid.opendate   #unix time of when the local machine should let the</pre> <pre>                           #student in</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.duedate    #unix time of when the local machine should stop</pre> <pre>                           #accepting answers</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.answerdate #unix time of when the local machine should</pre> <pre>                           #provide the correct answer to the student</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.weight     # points the problem is worth</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.maxtries   # maximum number of attempts the student can have</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.type       # type of problem homework can be:</pre> <pre>                           # homework - randomized, graded, stored with </pre> <pre>                           #            requesting user, full feeback</pre> <pre>                           # exam - randomized, graded, stored with </pre> <pre>                           #        requesting user, minimal feedback</pre> <pre>                           # form - unrandomized, ungraded, stored with </pre> <pre>                           #        specified user, full feedback</pre> <pre>                           # survey - unrandomized, ungraded, stored with </pre> <pre>                           #          requesting user, full feedback</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre><numerical/formula/response needed: (has a default if nonexistant)></pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.responseid.tol   # lots of possibilities here</pre> <pre>                    # percentage, range (inclusive and exclusive),</pre> <pre>                     # variable name, etc</pre> <pre>                    # 3%</pre> <pre>                    # 0.5</pre> <pre>                    # .05+</pre> <pre>                    # 3%+</pre> <pre>                    # 0.5+,.005</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.responseid.sig  # one or two comma sepearted integers,    </pre> <pre>                                # specifying the number of significatn figures</pre> <pre>                                # a student must use</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre><Problem sets using cstore (required):></pre> <pre>resource.partid.solved # if not set, problem yet to be viewed</pre> <pre>                # incorrect_attempted == incorrect and attempted</pre> <pre>                # correct_by_student == correct by student work</pre> <pre>                # correct_by_override == correct, instructor override</pre> <pre>                # incorrect_by_override == incorrect, instructor override</pre> <pre>                # excused == excused, problem no longer counts for student</pre> <pre>                # '' (empty) == not attempted</pre> <pre>                # ungraded_attempted == an ungraded answer has been</pre> <pre>                                          sumbitted and stored</pre> <pre>resource.partid.tries  # positive integer of number of unsuccessful attempts</pre> <pre>                # made, malformed answers don't count if feedback is</pre> <pre>                # on</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.awarded # float between 0 and 1, percentage of</pre> <pre>                 # resource.weight that the stundent earned.</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.award # final detailed award that was applied to the entire</pre> <pre>                      # part of the question, check awarddetail below for</pre> <pre>                      # possibilities</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.previous # boolean, is this submission a previous submission</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.responseid.submissons</pre> <pre>                    # the student submitted string for the part.response</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.responseid.awarddetail</pre> <pre>                     # list of all of the results of grading the submissions</pre> <pre>                     # in detailed form of the specific failure</pre> <pre>                      #Possible values:</pre> <pre>                     # EXACT_ANS, APPROX_ANS : student is correct</pre> <pre>                     # NO_RESPONSE : student submitted no response</pre> <pre>                     # MISSING_ANSWER : student submitted some but not</pre> <pre>                     #                   all parts of a response</pre> <pre>                     # WANTED_NUMERIC : expected a numeric answer and</pre> <pre>                     #                   didn't get one</pre> <pre>                      # SIG_FAIL : incorrect number of Significant Figures</pre> <pre>                     # UNIT_FAIL : incorrect unit</pre> <pre>                     # UNIT_NOTNEEDED : Submitted a unit when one shouldn't</pre> <pre>                     # NO_UNIT : needed a unit but none was submitted</pre> <pre>                      # BAD_FORMULA : syntax error in submitted formula</pre> <pre>                     # INCORRECT : answer was wrong</pre> <pre>                     # SUBMITTED : submission wasn't graded</pre> <pre>                     # ERROR : unable to get a grade</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.responseid.message (optional) (not yet supported)</pre> <pre>                       # a message that should be shown to the student</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>resource.partid.bonustries (optional) (not yet supported)</pre> <pre>                     # if set, added to the maxtries parameter for student </pre> <pre>                     # total number of tries overall</pre> <pre> </pre> <h3><a name="_Toc421867137">Sample Problems</a></h3> A Simple Problem <problem>         <script type="loncapa/perl"> $length=&random(10,99,.1); $width=&random(1,10,.01); @area=($length*($width*10));         </script> What is the area of a box $length mm in length and &format($width,"2E") cm in width.         <numericalresponse id="11" answer="@area" units="mm^2">                 <textline></textline>                 <responseparam name="tol" type="tolerance" default="5%"></responseparam>         </numericalresponse> </problem> A More Complex Problem <problem> <displayduedate /> <displaytitle /> <script type="loncapa/perl"> $vF=" F1 "; $vF1=" F1 "; $vF2=" F2 "; $mF="|F|"; $F1mag="|F1|"; $F2mag="|F2|"; $trq1mag="| t1|"; $trq2mag="| t2|"; $Q1="Q1"; $Q2="Q2"; $tau="t"; $tau1="t1";    $val=&random(1,4,1);    $tp=&choose($val,"her","her","his","his");    $sd=&choose($val,"daughter","niece","nephew","son"); </script> <startouttext /> $trq1mag and $trq2mag are the magnitudes of the torques produced repectively by forces $vF1 and $vF2 with respect the pivot P. The magnitudes of $vF1 is $F1mag and that of $vF2 is $F2mag. $Q1 and $Q2 are the locations on a rigid body where $vF1 and $vF2 act.  <endouttext /> <optionresponse max="600">         <foilgroup options="('Correct','Incorrect','Can not tell')">                 <conceptgroup concept="Effect of the moment-arm on the torque">                         <foil name="1a" value="Incorrect">                           For $F1mag larger than $F2mag , $trq1mag is larger than $trq2mag                         </foil>                         <foil name="1b" value="Incorrect">                           For $F1mag smaller than $F2mag , $trq1mag is smaller than $trq2mag                         </foil>                         <foil name="1c" value="Correct">                           For $F1mag larger than $F2mag , $trq1mag can be less  than $trq2mag                         </foil>                         <foil name="1d" value="Correct">                           For $F1mag smaller than $F2mag , $trq1mag can be larger  than $trq2mag                         </foil>                 </conceptgroup>                 <conceptgroup concept="For a given pivot, relation of force vector to torque.">                         <foil name="2a" value="Correct">                   The moment-arm of $vF is the shortest distance from P to the line along $vF .                         </foil>                         <foil name="2b" value="Incorrect">                           The moment-arm of $vF is the shortest distance from P to $vF vector.                         </foil>                         <foil name="2c" value="Correct">                           The moment-arm of $vF is not the distance from P to Q1.                         </foil>                         <foil name="2d" value="Incorrect">                           The moment-arm of $vF is the distance from P to Q1.                         </foil>                 </conceptgroup>                 <conceptgroup concept="Torque is force x moment-arm.">                         <foil name="3a" value="Correct">                           $trq1mag equals to the product of the moment-arm and $F1mag .                       </foil>                         <foil name="3b" value="Incorrect">                         $trq1mag equals to $F1mag times the distance from Q1 to P.                         </foil>                         <foil name="3c" value="Correct">                           $trq1mag is not equal to the product of $F1mag and the distance from Q1 to P.                         </foil>                         <foil name="3d" value="Incorrect">                         $trq1mag is not equal to the product of the moment-arm and $F1mag .                         </foil>                 </conceptgroup>                 <conceptgroup concept="Pivot point is required to calculate torque">                         <foil name="4a" value="Correct">                          $tau1 vector depends on the location of P.                         </foil>                         <foil name="4b" value="Incorrect">                          $tau1 vector does not depend on the location of P.                         </foil>                         <foil name="4c" value="Correct">                          $tau1 vector has no meaning unless a pivot is selected.                         </foil>                         <foil name="4d" value="Incorrect">                          $tau1 vector can be determined without selecting P.                         </foil>                 </conceptgroup>                 <conceptgroup concept="torque from 2 forces acting along same line">                         <foil name="5a" value="Correct">                           Two equal forces, acting on a body along the same line but at different positions, produce equal torques with respect to a given pivot."                         </foil>                         <foil name="5b" value="Incorrect">                           Two equal forces, along the same line, produce equal torques with respect to a given pivot only if they act at the same point on a body."                         </foil>                         <foil name="5c" value="Incorrect">                           Two equal forces acting on a body along the same line but at different positions, produce equal torques for only one pivot."                         </foil>                 </conceptgroup>                 <foil name="6" value="unused">                         This foil will never display since it is unused.                 </foil>         </foilgroup>         <notsolved>                 <hintgroup> Think the definition of the torque. The force and the moment-arm respect to the pivot.                  </hintgroup>         </notsolved> </optionresponse> </problem> <h3>  </h3> <img border=0 width=432 height=370 src="Session%20On2_files/image003.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"> Fig. 3.1.1 � Internal Structure of Homework Handler </div> <div class=Section2> </div> </body> </html>